Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2300135
Geraldine Rosas Duarte, Matheus Souza
{"title":"Illiberal Peacebuilding in UN Stabilization Peace Operations and Peace Agreements in the CAR, the DRC and Mali","authors":"Geraldine Rosas Duarte, Matheus Souza","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2300135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2300135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"49 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139382273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2295494
Sanam, Muhammad Arshad
{"title":"Estimating the Cost of Positive Peace","authors":"Sanam, Muhammad Arshad","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2295494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2295494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"117 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2293716
Giulio Levorato
{"title":"Entangled Peace: UN Peacebuilding and the Limits of a Relational WorldEntangled Peace: UN Peacebuilding and the Limits of a Relational World, by Ignasi Torrent, Rowman & Littlefield, 2021, 144 pp., £73.00(hardback) and £30.00(paperback), ISBN 9781538150764","authors":"Giulio Levorato","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2293716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2293716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"35 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2286552
Miguel Mikelli Ribeiro, Antonio Pires
{"title":"Mass Atrocities, Peace Operations, and the UNSC: How Responsive is the UN Security Council to Atrocity Events through Peacekeeping Mandates?","authors":"Miguel Mikelli Ribeiro, Antonio Pires","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2286552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2286552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"55 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138588243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2286553
Jenniina Kotajoki
{"title":"When Peace Kills Politics: International Intervention and Unending Wars in the Sudans When Peace Kills Politics: International Intervention and Unending Wars in the Sudans , by Sharath Srinivasan, London, Hurst, 2021, 400 pp., £25 (paperback), ISBN 9781849048316","authors":"Jenniina Kotajoki","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2286553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2286553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139221338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2281406
Benjamin Hammett
{"title":"Routledge Handbook of Conflict Response and Leadership in Africa Routledge Handbook of Conflict Response and Leadership in Africa , edited by Alpaslan Özerdem, Sinem Akgül-Açıkmeşe and Ian Liebenberg, Abingdon, Routledge, 2021, 434 pp., £42.99(paperback), ISBN 9780367332228","authors":"Benjamin Hammett","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2281406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2281406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"184 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2276688
Fernando Rodrigues Goulart
{"title":"Legitimacy of Using Force as a Fundamental Ingredient for Military Motivation in Robust Peacekeeping Operations","authors":"Fernando Rodrigues Goulart","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2276688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2276688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"33 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2281412
Dean White
{"title":"All Necessary Measures? The United Nations and International Intervention in Libya <b>All Necessary Measures? The United Nations and International Intervention in Libya</b> , by Ian Martin, London, Hurst, 2022, pp. 165 + notes + index, £30 (hbk), ISBN 9781787385849; <b>The EU, NATO and the Libya Conflict: Anatomy of a Failure</b> , by Stefano Marcuzzi, London, Routledge, 2022, pp. 206 + bibliography + index, £18 (hbk), ISBN 9780367545512","authors":"Dean White","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2281412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2281412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"70 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134900884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2278607
Tom Buitelaar
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 Oksamytna and Karlsrud, United Nations Peace Operations and International Relations Theory.2 Williams and Bellamy, Understanding Peacekeeping.3 Jenne. “Who Leads Peace Operations?”4 Di Salvatore et al. “Introducing the Peacekeeping Mandates (PEMA) Dataset”.5 Walter, Howard, and Fortna. “The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace.”6 Oksamytna and Karlsrud. United Nations Peace Operations and International Relations Theory.7 Karlsrud. “‘Pragmatic Peacekeeping’ in Practice”.
注1奥克萨米特纳和卡尔斯鲁德,《联合国和平行动与国际关系理论》。2威廉姆斯和贝拉米,《理解维和》。3珍妮。“谁领导和平行动?”4 Di Salvatore等人,“介绍维和任务(PEMA)数据集”沃尔特,霍华德和福特纳。“维持和平与和平之间的特殊关系”。“奥克萨米特纳和卡尔斯鲁德。联合国和平行动与国际关系理论。卡尔斯鲁德。“实践中的‘务实维和’”。
{"title":"Handbook on Peacekeeping and International RelationsHandbook on Peacekeeping and International Relations, edited by Han Dorussen, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar, 2022, 408 pp., £190 (hardcover), ISBN 9781839109928","authors":"Tom Buitelaar","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2278607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2278607","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 Oksamytna and Karlsrud, United Nations Peace Operations and International Relations Theory.2 Williams and Bellamy, Understanding Peacekeeping.3 Jenne. “Who Leads Peace Operations?”4 Di Salvatore et al. “Introducing the Peacekeeping Mandates (PEMA) Dataset”.5 Walter, Howard, and Fortna. “The Extraordinary Relationship between Peacekeeping and Peace.”6 Oksamytna and Karlsrud. United Nations Peace Operations and International Relations Theory.7 Karlsrud. “‘Pragmatic Peacekeeping’ in Practice”.","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2276699
Marie Olson Lounsbery, Karl DeRouen Jr.
ABSTRACTCivil wars are complex in ways that challenge effective resolution. Civil war actors tend to be dynamic in nature and often splinter then coalesce over time potentially evolving into multiple dyads pitted against their government. Previous work has demonstrated that when multiple rebel factions emerge, civil wars tend to be longer in duration as satisfying multiple factions tends to be more challenging. However, governments may choose to pursue dyadic agreements hoping to end the conflict either through subsequent dyadic negotiations or through more targeted military tactics focusing intently on the remaining faction(s). This study suggests that which dyads will be excluded from the peace is predictable, but also seeks to better understand what happens to those excluded factions that hedge their bets to continue the fight. Propositions are tested on all civil war peace agreements between 1945-2013. Key findings indicate the importance of political power-sharing provision and third-party assistance in bringing excluded groups into the fold.KEYWORDS: civil warpeace agreementsrebel dynamicspower-sharingmediationforeign military interventioninclusivityUN peacekeeping Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Small and Singer, A Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars, 1816-1980; Gleditsch et al., “Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset.”2 Olson Lounsbery and Pearson, Civil Wars: Internal Struggles, Global Consequences; Olson Lounsbery and Cook, “Rebellion, Mediation and Group Splintering: An Empirical Investigation of Competing Hypotheses”; Christia, Alliance Formation in Civil Wars; Nilsson, “Partial Peace: Rebel Groups Inside and Outside of Civil War Settlements.”3 Cunningham, “Veto Players and Civil War Duration.”4 Hampson, Nurturing Peace: Why Peace Settlements Succeed or Fail; Licklider, “The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945-1993”; Ohlson and Söderberg, “From Intra-State War to Democratic Peace in Weak States”; Rubin, “The Actors in Negotiation.”5 Stedman, “Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes.”6 Johnston, “Negotiated Settlements and Government Strategy in Civil War: Evidence from Darfur.”7 Nilsson, “Partial Peace: Rebel Groups Inside and Outside of Civil War Settlements.”8 Zartman, “The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments”; Zartman and de Soto, Timing Mediation Initiatives.; Zartman, Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Intervention in Africa.9 Walter, “Designing Transitions from Civil Wars – Demobilization, Democratization, and Commitments to Peace.”10 Hartzell and Hoddie, Crafting Peace: Power-Sharing Institutions and the Negotiated Settlement of Civil Wars; Pearson et al., “Replicating and Extending Theories of Civil War Settlement”; DeRouen, Jr., Lea, and Wallensteen, “The Duration of Civil War Peace Agreements”; Glassmyer and Sambanis, “Rebel-Military Integration and Civil War Termination.”11 Krause, Krause, and Bränfors, “Wome
24斯特德曼,《和平进程中的搅局者问题》;Blaydes和DeMaio,破坏和平?中非北部的和平进程、排他性和政治暴力。25格林希尔和梅杰,《分析内战破坏者的危险和州内和平协定的崩溃》。26 Most and Starr:《探究、逻辑和国际政治》,Most and Starr;西弗森和斯塔尔,《机会、意愿和战争的扩散》。28 Cunningham, Gleditsch和Salehyan,“内战中的非国家行为者:一个新的数据集。”29 Cunningham, Gleditsch和salehyan。30 Cook和Olson Lounsbery,《冲突动力学:内战、武装行动者和他们的策略》。31 Olson Lounsbery和Cook,《桌上有什么?》内战中讨价还价的进展。菲律宾与叛军签署了期待已久的和平协议。“战斗没有让我们前进”:前阿布沙耶夫武装分子向菲律宾军队投降后发表讲话。34 Olson Lounsbery and DeRouen, Jr.,“设计和第三方在内战和平协议结果中的作用”。《Cil and Prorok》,卖身还是坚守?解释内战和平协议的设计。36 Melin和Svensson,《对话的动机:在国际战争和内战中接受调解》;内战中的谈判解决和政府战略:来自达尔富尔的证据。37林特纳,缅甸起义:1948年以来的鸦片和叛乱38 Bauzon,《菲律宾:1996年菲律宾南部和平协议:评估》。39 Gurr,为什么人会反叛;里根:《一千六百万:理解内战》;多伊尔和桑班尼斯:《制造战争与建设和平:联合国和平行动》;里根:《内战与外国势力:内部冲突中的外部干预》;Regan and Aydin, <外交和其他形式的干预>42 Cunningham,《阻碍决议:外部国家如何延长内战》。43 greg and Diehl,《国际调解》;Olson Lounsbery和DeRouen, Jr., <内战和平协议的可行性>。[44]《国际调解》。[45]克莱顿和多鲁森:《调解与维和对结束冲突的有效性》。46小德鲁恩和乔杜里,《调解、维持和平与内战和平协定》。47 Feith,“亚齐和平进程:绝对成功”。特别报告184.1948年至1988年间,联合国发起了15次维和行动。相比之下,根据联合国的数据,1989年至2017年期间发起了56次特派团。Doyle和Sambanis的《制造战争与建设和平:联合国和平行动》;福特纳,维和有效吗?塑造内战后交战各方的选择。目前在相当具有挑战性的内战中执行任务的例子包括刚果民主共和国和苏丹达尔富尔地区的任务。50 Doyle和Sambanis,制造战争与建设和平:联合国和平行动。51 Högbladh,“1975-2011年和平协议-更新UCDP和平协议数据集”。52 Davies, Pettersson, Öberg,《1989-2021年有组织暴力与无人机战争》;Gleditsch等人,《1946-2001年武装冲突:一个新的数据集》。53 Kreutz,“武装冲突如何以及何时结束:介绍UCDP冲突终止数据集”。54使用这种改进的编码方法得出的结果见附录(表7)。同一附录中的表6报告了通过和平协定或消减来预测终止的结果。这两个表都报告了与论文发现部分报告的原始编码方案相似的发现事实上,在我们被排除在外的65个派系中,只有两个派系能够通过自己的胜利而结束Cunningham, Gleditsch, and Salehyan, <内战中的非国家行为者:一个新的数据集>。57 .我们认识到,政治权力分享机制更适用于政府冲突,而领土权力分享机制更适用于领土冲突(即它们彼此成反比关系)。因此,我们在单独的模型中检查这些变量,以避免共线性问题Högbladh,“1975-2011年和平协议-更新UCDP和平协议数据集”。“59 Hogbladh.60Olson Lounsbery和DeRouen, Jr., <内战和平协议的可行性>。" 61虽然我们对时间没有任何具体的期望,但我们考虑了将二分体排除在外的时间可能会影响结果的可能性,特别是二分体是否继续进行。为了解释这种可能性,我们控制了排除(即和平协议)之后的时间。调查结果与所提出的一致。附录中的表8包含了带有该时间变量的模型,该变量本身在任何模型中都不具有统计显著性,这表明其他因素(例如,权力分享机制和中介存在)比时间更重要。62Davies, Pettersson和Öberg,《1989-2021年有组织暴力和无人机战争》。63 Olson Lounsbery and DeRouen, Jr.,《内战和平协议的可行性》。 64 Meier等人,“武装冲突中的外部支持:介绍UCDP外部支持数据集(ESD), 1975-2017。”65郭和弗雷泽,倾向得分分析:统计方法和应用。作为稳健性检验,Heckman选择模型的结果如在线附录表4所示。我们使用logit的发现确实与Heckman选择模型有所不同。尽管如此,我们提出了单独的logit模型作为我们的研究结果,因为这样做可以让我们比较排除和纳入的二联体的结果。此外,我们无法拒绝p = 0(两个误差项之间的相关水平)的零假设,并且必须得出结论,使用选择模型是不合适的我们认识到多项逻辑回归是预测二元结果的首选方法,因为变量结构具有分类性质。使用这种方法涉及同时估计几个模型,这取决于结果变量的类别数量。因此,需要较大的样本量(参见“多项逻辑回归:统计数据分析示例”),每个自变量至少需要10个案例(Starkweather和Moske,“多项逻辑回归”)。我们的样本不仅低于最低要求,而且无法产生确认自由度问题的模型统计。随后,我们检验了我们的假设,我们使用逻辑回归来模拟特定的结果类别所有分析均使用Stata 17完成。复制文件可以在icps.umic.edu.68坎宁安,“否决玩家和内战持续时间。”69估计多项逻辑回归的研究结果确实表明,弱势群体更有可能以政府的军事胜利而不是通过谈判结果结束(见在线附录中的表8),但鉴于上述案例数量有限以及由此产生的自由度问题,我们依赖于这里提供的逻辑输出领土条款在任何模型中都没有达到统计学意义。这些发现载于附录表5。71这些发现在在线附录(表8)中指出的多项逻辑估计中得到证实。72完整的预测概率偏移列于附录(表2b-d)民族冲突中的风险、权力分享与国际调解Papagianni,《权力分享、过渡政府和调解的作用》;McColloch and McEvoy, <权力分享解决方案的国际调解>
{"title":"Are Non-Inclusive Peace Agreements Effective Counter-Insurgency Strategies?","authors":"Marie Olson Lounsbery, Karl DeRouen Jr.","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2276699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2276699","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCivil wars are complex in ways that challenge effective resolution. Civil war actors tend to be dynamic in nature and often splinter then coalesce over time potentially evolving into multiple dyads pitted against their government. Previous work has demonstrated that when multiple rebel factions emerge, civil wars tend to be longer in duration as satisfying multiple factions tends to be more challenging. However, governments may choose to pursue dyadic agreements hoping to end the conflict either through subsequent dyadic negotiations or through more targeted military tactics focusing intently on the remaining faction(s). This study suggests that which dyads will be excluded from the peace is predictable, but also seeks to better understand what happens to those excluded factions that hedge their bets to continue the fight. Propositions are tested on all civil war peace agreements between 1945-2013. Key findings indicate the importance of political power-sharing provision and third-party assistance in bringing excluded groups into the fold.KEYWORDS: civil warpeace agreementsrebel dynamicspower-sharingmediationforeign military interventioninclusivityUN peacekeeping Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Small and Singer, A Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars, 1816-1980; Gleditsch et al., “Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset.”2 Olson Lounsbery and Pearson, Civil Wars: Internal Struggles, Global Consequences; Olson Lounsbery and Cook, “Rebellion, Mediation and Group Splintering: An Empirical Investigation of Competing Hypotheses”; Christia, Alliance Formation in Civil Wars; Nilsson, “Partial Peace: Rebel Groups Inside and Outside of Civil War Settlements.”3 Cunningham, “Veto Players and Civil War Duration.”4 Hampson, Nurturing Peace: Why Peace Settlements Succeed or Fail; Licklider, “The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945-1993”; Ohlson and Söderberg, “From Intra-State War to Democratic Peace in Weak States”; Rubin, “The Actors in Negotiation.”5 Stedman, “Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes.”6 Johnston, “Negotiated Settlements and Government Strategy in Civil War: Evidence from Darfur.”7 Nilsson, “Partial Peace: Rebel Groups Inside and Outside of Civil War Settlements.”8 Zartman, “The Timing of Peace Initiatives: Hurting Stalemates and Ripe Moments”; Zartman and de Soto, Timing Mediation Initiatives.; Zartman, Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Intervention in Africa.9 Walter, “Designing Transitions from Civil Wars – Demobilization, Democratization, and Commitments to Peace.”10 Hartzell and Hoddie, Crafting Peace: Power-Sharing Institutions and the Negotiated Settlement of Civil Wars; Pearson et al., “Replicating and Extending Theories of Civil War Settlement”; DeRouen, Jr., Lea, and Wallensteen, “The Duration of Civil War Peace Agreements”; Glassmyer and Sambanis, “Rebel-Military Integration and Civil War Termination.”11 Krause, Krause, and Bränfors, “Wome","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135539734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}