Pub Date : 2023-02-15DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2178906
Mason Grant Considine
{"title":"The Women, Peace and Security Agenda: Place, Space and Knowledge Production","authors":"Mason Grant Considine","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2178906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2178906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45700269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2174978
Roberta Holanda Maschietto
{"title":"Review of ‘The 2006 Crisis in East Timor. Lessons for Contemporary Peacebuilding’","authors":"Roberta Holanda Maschietto","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2174978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2174978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47072960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-08DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2175674
E. Krahmann
{"title":"Peacebuilding Legacy: Programming for Change and Young People’s Attitudes to Peace","authors":"E. Krahmann","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2175674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2175674","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44249112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2167718
P. Diehl
So-named ‘handbooks’ have become pervasive in academia, covering many topics in multiple disciplines, and produced by numerous publishers, at expensive prices, and apparently directed at university and other library markets. There are several competitors to this handbook, each focusing on peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Nevertheless, the present work has some unique features that make it a different and welcome addition to our understanding of peace operations. First, as the title suggests, this collection has an exclusive focus on Africa rather than attempting to cover multiple regions and including case studies that reflect that geographic spread. Yet peacebuilding in Africa is virtually synonymous with peacebuilding in general. That continent has been the primary, if not almost exclusive, locus of peacebuilding efforts in the twenty-first century. Does this mean that lessons from peacebuilding in Africa are applicable elsewhere, if indeed such efforts were to occur frequently in other parts of the world? One chapter (by Laurie Nathan) directly addresses this with respect to mediation. Less directly, but equally relevant, the other chapters discuss a number of contextual factors – distinctly African – that influence peacebuilding outcomes. There are some general lessons here (for example about ignoring the local population and settings) but African-specific elements – and by implication those for any operation anywhere – are important parts of the story. Second, many handbooks are designed to provide a ‘state of the art’ to the subject matter at hand. One variation is to include essays that are synthetic reviews of the scholarly literature that provide summaries about what we know or don’t know from existing research. Others do so from the perspective of practitioners, akin to ‘lessons learned’ and authored by senior officials from various governmental and non-governmental organizations. This collection doesn’t necessarily fit either mould. Authors are researchers at universities and other institutions, but there is a stronger concern, often driven by normative issues, for practical applications that conventional scholarly reviews lack. The chapters have research bases but tend to rely, in some cases, on reports by the UN and other organization. Quantitative studies of peacekeeping and peacebuilding that have exploded in the last two decades are largely ignored here. Rather, the chapters are a series of well-argued commentaries, rather than statements about knowledge in the field. The collection includes a useful introduction by the editors, followed by 18 relatively short chapters (about 15 pages each). The chapters are placed in three sections. The first – Institutions – focuses on the UN framework for
{"title":"Routledge Handbook of African Peacebuilding","authors":"P. Diehl","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2167718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2167718","url":null,"abstract":"So-named ‘handbooks’ have become pervasive in academia, covering many topics in multiple disciplines, and produced by numerous publishers, at expensive prices, and apparently directed at university and other library markets. There are several competitors to this handbook, each focusing on peacekeeping and peacebuilding. Nevertheless, the present work has some unique features that make it a different and welcome addition to our understanding of peace operations. First, as the title suggests, this collection has an exclusive focus on Africa rather than attempting to cover multiple regions and including case studies that reflect that geographic spread. Yet peacebuilding in Africa is virtually synonymous with peacebuilding in general. That continent has been the primary, if not almost exclusive, locus of peacebuilding efforts in the twenty-first century. Does this mean that lessons from peacebuilding in Africa are applicable elsewhere, if indeed such efforts were to occur frequently in other parts of the world? One chapter (by Laurie Nathan) directly addresses this with respect to mediation. Less directly, but equally relevant, the other chapters discuss a number of contextual factors – distinctly African – that influence peacebuilding outcomes. There are some general lessons here (for example about ignoring the local population and settings) but African-specific elements – and by implication those for any operation anywhere – are important parts of the story. Second, many handbooks are designed to provide a ‘state of the art’ to the subject matter at hand. One variation is to include essays that are synthetic reviews of the scholarly literature that provide summaries about what we know or don’t know from existing research. Others do so from the perspective of practitioners, akin to ‘lessons learned’ and authored by senior officials from various governmental and non-governmental organizations. This collection doesn’t necessarily fit either mould. Authors are researchers at universities and other institutions, but there is a stronger concern, often driven by normative issues, for practical applications that conventional scholarly reviews lack. The chapters have research bases but tend to rely, in some cases, on reports by the UN and other organization. Quantitative studies of peacekeeping and peacebuilding that have exploded in the last two decades are largely ignored here. Rather, the chapters are a series of well-argued commentaries, rather than statements about knowledge in the field. The collection includes a useful introduction by the editors, followed by 18 relatively short chapters (about 15 pages each). The chapters are placed in three sections. The first – Institutions – focuses on the UN framework for","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47152946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2167717
Magnus Lundgren
{"title":"Proscribing Peace: How Listing Armed Groups as Terrorists Hurts Negotiations","authors":"Magnus Lundgren","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2167717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2167717","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43846302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2023.2173584
Anurug Chakma
ABSTRACT Why is the implementation of civil war peace agreements comparatively higher in some countries than in other countries? In this study, I address this puzzle by investigating the effects of insider-outsider leader turnover on the execution of peace agreements. The idea is that leaders should be the fundamental units of analysis to explain the implementation of peace agreements due to more frequent leadership changes than state-level variables, such as the level of democracy, political system, military capability, and GDP per capita. Besides, leader turnover poses a commitment problem in peace processes if outsider leaders differ in their resolve and revise inherited agreements. I test this hypothesis quantitatively using feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regressions to analyze the panel dataset of this research that covers 34 comprehensive peace agreements of 31 countries from 1989 to 2015. The findings of this study demonstrate the positive impacts of insider leader turnover and the adverse effects of outsider leader turnover on the execution of peace agreements. Hence, whether the implementation of peace agreements will continue depends on who comes to power.
{"title":"Leadership Changes and Civil War Peace Agreements: Does Who Comes to Power Influence the Implementation?","authors":"Anurug Chakma","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2023.2173584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2023.2173584","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Why is the implementation of civil war peace agreements comparatively higher in some countries than in other countries? In this study, I address this puzzle by investigating the effects of insider-outsider leader turnover on the execution of peace agreements. The idea is that leaders should be the fundamental units of analysis to explain the implementation of peace agreements due to more frequent leadership changes than state-level variables, such as the level of democracy, political system, military capability, and GDP per capita. Besides, leader turnover poses a commitment problem in peace processes if outsider leaders differ in their resolve and revise inherited agreements. I test this hypothesis quantitatively using feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regressions to analyze the panel dataset of this research that covers 34 comprehensive peace agreements of 31 countries from 1989 to 2015. The findings of this study demonstrate the positive impacts of insider leader turnover and the adverse effects of outsider leader turnover on the execution of peace agreements. Hence, whether the implementation of peace agreements will continue depends on who comes to power.","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43431519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2022.2160712
Andrew Levin
ABSTRACT Do democratic or non-democratic countries contribute more personnel to UN peacekeeping operations? While earlier studies found that democracies make larger contributions than non-democracies, recent research has challenged these findings. Scholarship in this area, however, has largely conceived of ‘non-democracy’ as a monolithic category, despite a growing body of research delineating distinct types of illiberal regimes and identifying their divergent behaviours in a range of domestic and international contexts. In this article, I argue that non-democracies’ personnel contributions to peacekeeping operations vary based on different ‘type’ of illiberal regime, and that this variation is contingent on two main factors: the influence of the military within the regime, and the extent to which a regime values the prestige associated with large-scale peacekeeping contributions. I test this proposition by statistically analyzing data from UN peacekeeping operations between 1991–2018. The findings indicate that single-party regimes are likely to make significantly smaller contributions than democracies; the contribution behaviour of other types of non-democracies is less discernible from their democratic counterparts.
{"title":"Non-Democratic Regimes and Participation in UN Peacekeeping Operations","authors":"Andrew Levin","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2022.2160712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2022.2160712","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Do democratic or non-democratic countries contribute more personnel to UN peacekeeping operations? While earlier studies found that democracies make larger contributions than non-democracies, recent research has challenged these findings. Scholarship in this area, however, has largely conceived of ‘non-democracy’ as a monolithic category, despite a growing body of research delineating distinct types of illiberal regimes and identifying their divergent behaviours in a range of domestic and international contexts. In this article, I argue that non-democracies’ personnel contributions to peacekeeping operations vary based on different ‘type’ of illiberal regime, and that this variation is contingent on two main factors: the influence of the military within the regime, and the extent to which a regime values the prestige associated with large-scale peacekeeping contributions. I test this proposition by statistically analyzing data from UN peacekeeping operations between 1991–2018. The findings indicate that single-party regimes are likely to make significantly smaller contributions than democracies; the contribution behaviour of other types of non-democracies is less discernible from their democratic counterparts.","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43174127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-27DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2022.2158457
A. Day, Charles T. Hunt
ABSTRACT This article explores the application of complexity theory to UN peacekeeping. To date, peacekeeping has been dominated by linear models of change, assuming that conflict settings can be addressed by elite-driven peace processes, gradual improvements to state institutional capacity, and development programming. However, this article argues that complexity theory offers a far more accurate and useful lens through which to view the work of peacekeeping: conflict settings represent complex, interdependent socio-political systems with emergent qualities giving them the capacity to self-organize via feedback loops and other adaptive activity. Self-organization means such systems are highly resistant to attempts to change behaviour via top-down or input-output approaches. In fact, peacekeeping itself is endogenous to the systems it is trying to change, often displaying the same kinds of self-organization typical of complex systems elsewhere. Drawing on experience working and conducting fieldwork in the UN peacekeping mission in Democratic Republic of the Congo, this article argues that UN peacekeeping operations should view themselves as actors within the complex conflict ecosystem, looking to enable transformational change from within, rather than impose liberal Western models from without.
{"title":"A Perturbed Peace: Applying Complexity Theory to UN Peacekeeping","authors":"A. Day, Charles T. Hunt","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2022.2158457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2022.2158457","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the application of complexity theory to UN peacekeeping. To date, peacekeeping has been dominated by linear models of change, assuming that conflict settings can be addressed by elite-driven peace processes, gradual improvements to state institutional capacity, and development programming. However, this article argues that complexity theory offers a far more accurate and useful lens through which to view the work of peacekeeping: conflict settings represent complex, interdependent socio-political systems with emergent qualities giving them the capacity to self-organize via feedback loops and other adaptive activity. Self-organization means such systems are highly resistant to attempts to change behaviour via top-down or input-output approaches. In fact, peacekeeping itself is endogenous to the systems it is trying to change, often displaying the same kinds of self-organization typical of complex systems elsewhere. Drawing on experience working and conducting fieldwork in the UN peacekeping mission in Democratic Republic of the Congo, this article argues that UN peacekeeping operations should view themselves as actors within the complex conflict ecosystem, looking to enable transformational change from within, rather than impose liberal Western models from without.","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43461152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2022.2157820
Anne Menzel, Lisa Tschörner
ABSTRACT This article introduces an analytical framework for studying and interpreting the sometimes surprisingly different ‘shapes’ (key topics and approaches) of donor-funded responses to sexual violence in and after armed conflict. Our framework highlights processes of politicization, depoliticization, and technicalization and their influence on interventions. Drawing on available studies, published documents, and our own field research in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Sierra Leone, we show that donor-funded responses to sexual violence since the early 2000s have taken remarkably different shapes – despite the emergence of influential international policy narratives and roughly similar forms of sexual violence in both contexts. A focus on context-specific processes of politicization, depoliticization, and technicalization reveals how these differences came about and persisted over time. (De-)Politicization and technicalization of sexual violence as a ‘weapon of war’ in DRC have led to medicalized and security-centred statebuilding interventions in the county's eastern conflict zones. By contrast, donor-funded responses in Sierra Leone framed and addressed sexual violence as ‘domestic violence’ even before the war had officially ended. We find that these different shapes emerged from initial differences in (de)politicization and technicalization processes driven by different ‘first responders’ in both contexts, which created enduring path dependencies.
{"title":"Responding to Sexual Violence: How (De-) Politicization and Technicalization Shape Donor-Funded Interventions","authors":"Anne Menzel, Lisa Tschörner","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2022.2157820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2022.2157820","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 This article introduces an analytical framework for studying and interpreting the sometimes surprisingly different ‘shapes’ (key topics and approaches) of donor-funded responses to sexual violence in and after armed conflict. Our framework highlights processes of politicization, depoliticization, and technicalization and their influence on interventions. Drawing on available studies, published documents, and our own field research in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Sierra Leone, we show that donor-funded responses to sexual violence since the early 2000s have taken remarkably different shapes – despite the emergence of influential international policy narratives and roughly similar forms of sexual violence in both contexts. A focus on context-specific processes of politicization, depoliticization, and technicalization reveals how these differences came about and persisted over time. (De-)Politicization and technicalization of sexual violence as a ‘weapon of war’ in DRC have led to medicalized and security-centred statebuilding interventions in the county's eastern conflict zones. By contrast, donor-funded responses in Sierra Leone framed and addressed sexual violence as ‘domestic violence’ even before the war had officially ended. We find that these different shapes emerged from initial differences in (de)politicization and technicalization processes driven by different ‘first responders’ in both contexts, which created enduring path dependencies.","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49579302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-10DOI: 10.1080/13533312.2022.2154207
Ai Kihara-Hunt
{"title":"Violating Peace: Sex, Aid and Peacekeeping","authors":"Ai Kihara-Hunt","doi":"10.1080/13533312.2022.2154207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2022.2154207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47231,"journal":{"name":"International Peacekeeping","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47691825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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