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Managing the visibility of dissent: Stigma, social media, and family relationships among Azerbaijani activists 管理异议的能见度:阿塞拜疆活动家的耻辱感、社交媒体和家庭关系
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241284939
Katy E Pearce
This study examines the strategies young Azerbaijani activists use to manage the visibility of their stigmatized political identities, particularly in relation to their families. Drawing on concepts of socially mediated visibility, stigma, and honor culture, we analyze interviews with 29 activists to explore how they navigate the complex trade-offs between visibility and concealment in an authoritarian context. Our findings highlight the central role of courtesy stigma and relational repression in shaping activists’ decisions, as they seek to balance their desire for political expression with the potential risks to their families. We also show how social media platforms both enable and complicate activists’ visibility management strategies. The study contributes to understanding the dynamics of activism and resistance in honor culture and authoritarian contexts.
本研究探讨了阿塞拜疆青年活动家为管理其被污名化的政治身份的可见性所使用的策略,尤其是在与家人的关系中。我们借鉴了社会中介可见性、污名化和荣誉文化的概念,分析了对 29 名活动家的访谈,探讨了他们如何在专制背景下处理可见性和隐蔽性之间的复杂权衡。我们的研究结果凸显了礼遇污名和关系压制在影响活动人士决策中的核心作用,因为他们要在政治表达的愿望和家庭面临的潜在风险之间寻求平衡。我们还展示了社交媒体平台是如何使活动人士的能见度管理策略得以实现并使之复杂化的。这项研究有助于理解荣誉文化和专制背景下激进主义和抵抗运动的动态。
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引用次数: 0
Producing intimacy in virtual reality 在虚拟现实中制造亲密感
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241283437
Ragan Glover
This article offers an autoethnographic account of the author’s experiences with facilitating relational intimacy in the Oculus Meta Quest 2 virtual reality (VR) platform. In doing so, it provides accounts of the author conversing, playing games, and watching movies with her relational partner. It also details the author’s user practices for contending with such issues as limited social and physical fidelity, functional limitations of the VR device, infrastructural failure, and data privacy. The discussion is organized into three inter-related sections: (1) intimate-affective experiences in VR, (2) the materialities of VR intimacy, and (3) the politics of VR intimacy. The article applies a critical materialist perspective to interrogate how VR environments might contribute to the production of intimate-affective experiences for some users. It demonstrates how these intimate-affective experiences are produced in coordination with the materialities and attendant politics of VR. The article concludes by suggesting that the politics of platforms and infrastructures become the politics of digitally mediated intimacy.
本文以自述的方式介绍了作者在 Oculus Meta Quest 2 虚拟现实(VR)平台上促进亲密关系的经历。为此,文章记述了作者与她的关系伴侣进行对话、玩游戏和看电影的情况。文章还详细介绍了作者在应对社交和物理保真度有限、VR 设备功能限制、基础设施故障和数据隐私等问题时的用户实践。讨论分为三个相互关联的部分:(1) VR 中的亲密情感体验,(2) VR 亲密关系的物质性,(3) VR 亲密关系的政治性。文章从批判唯物主义的视角出发,探讨了 VR 环境是如何帮助某些用户产生亲密情感体验的。文章展示了这些亲密情感体验是如何与 VR 的物质性和随之而来的政治性相协调而产生的。文章最后提出,平台和基础设施的政治成为数字媒介亲密关系的政治。
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引用次数: 0
From permissive to resistive tactics: How audience members engage with and make sense of datafied journalism 从放任策略到抵制策略:受众如何参与和理解数据化新闻报道
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241283434
Liisa Ovaska
While audience data are pivotal to producing journalism, audiences’ perspectives on the issue have received relatively little attention. Addressing this gap, the paper examines audience members’ tactics for making sense of and engaging with the datafied journalism into which they contribute with their data. Empirically grounded in group interviews and instant-messaging group chats with 21 readers of prominent Finnish tabloid Iltalehti, the author identified four tactics, along a continuum from permissive to resistive: an audience member may 1) happily benefit from datafied journalism; 2) be resigned to it yet reflect critically on it; 3) act to prevent effects on personal news-consumption patterns, by curating the content; or 4) entirely restrain themselves from engaging with it. Awareness of these tactics, which help individuals cope with and navigate the datafied-journalism landscape, facilitates grasping the factors in audiences’ relations to datafied journalism and, thereby, understanding their consumption of news and their relationship with journalism.
虽然受众数据对新闻报道的制作至关重要,但受众对这一问题的看法却很少受到关注。为了弥补这一不足,本文研究了受众如何理解并参与数据化新闻报道。通过与芬兰著名小报《Iltalehti》的21名读者进行小组访谈和即时通讯群聊,作者总结出了四种策略,即从允许到抵制的连续统一体:受众可能1)乐于从数据化新闻中获益;2)对其逆来顺受,但对其进行批判性反思;3)通过策划内容来防止对个人新闻消费模式产生影响;或4)完全克制自己,不参与其中。了解这些有助于个人应对和驾驭数据化新闻的策略,有助于把握受众与数据化新闻关系的各种因素,从而理解他们的新闻消费及其与新闻业的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Digital placemaking and its discontents: Exploring practices, power relations, and socio-spatial dynamics in Salzburg’s ‘Andräviertel’ 数字场所营造及其不满:探索萨尔茨堡 "Andräviertel "的实践、权力关系和社会空间动态
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241274749
Helena Atteneder, Christine Lohmeier
Recent research on digital placemaking shows that digital media, especially those that have a direct or indirect spatial reference, can alter belonging and attachment to space and place and can thus create a spatial identity. Emerging digital practices evolve the practice of placemaking and refer to space as a nexus of experiences, online and physical components. This is created by people perceiving urban space differently through digital media and appropriating it according to media affordances and their needs and preferences. At the same time, digital placemaking is not necessarily community-driven, nor does it always lead to an increased quality of life for all people equally, but rather encompasses changing power relations and can even reinforce existing inequalities. Using the example of the ‘Andräviertel’ neighbourhood in Salzburg, Austria, we explore which practices of digital placemaking can be identified, and how and by whom these practices are used purposefully and consciously to shape the neighbourhood and its identity. Employing a multi-method approach that includes semi-structured interviews, a hashtag analysis and the examination of digital platforms, three levels of practices were identified (reflecting upon one’s own practices, representations of the practices, judgements about the practices of others). The results show that there is a conscious and deliberate demarcation of the Andräviertel from other neighbourhoods in the city. Furthermore, we found resistance to excessive digital practices with a clear preference for face-to-face networks.
最近关于数字空间营造的研究表明,数字媒体,特别是那些有直接或间接空间参照的数字媒体,可以改变对空间和地点的归属和依恋,从而创造空间身份。新兴的数字实践发展了场所营造的实践,并将空间视为体验、在线和实体组成部分的纽带。人们通过数字媒体以不同的方式感知城市空间,并根据媒体的承受能力、自己的需求和偏好对其加以利用。与此同时,数字空间营造并不一定是由社区驱动的,也并不总是能平等地提高所有人的生活质量,而是包含了权力关系的变化,甚至会强化现有的不平等。我们以奥地利萨尔茨堡的 "Andräviertel "街区为例,探讨了哪些数字地方营造实践可以被识别出来,以及这些实践是如何和由谁有目的、有意识地用于塑造街区及其特征的。我们采用多种方法,包括半结构式访谈、标签分析和数字平台检查,确定了三个层次的实践(对自身实践的反思、对实践的表述、对他人实践的判断)。结果表明,人们有意识地将 Andräviertel 与城市其他街区区分开来。此外,我们还发现,人们抵制过多的数字化实践,并明显倾向于面对面的网络。
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引用次数: 0
No Cap: ASCAP and the fragmentation of music publishing 没有上限ASCAP 与音乐出版业的分化
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241280827
Ediz Ozelkan, Emmanuel Billias
The internet was originally conceptualized as a frontier within which creative and cultural output could thrive, bereft of the gatekeeping influence of major corporations in the analog era. As that digital era unfolded, the narrative shifted amid a concentration of media power and the precarity of digital labor, prompting questions about the democratization that the internet was purported to bring about. This project takes the music publishing industry as a case study of this democratization thesis, using network analysis to examine publishing data from ASCAP’s ACE Repertory to better understand the fragmentation or centralization of key social actors in the music industry. The study finds that the industry is greatly fragmented based on the total number of music licenses, pointing to a decentralization of music publishing. However, this does not provide a glimpse into how revenue is distributed in this network. These findings have implications for media studies, music industry analysis, cultural economics, and technology studies as technology continues to transform content creation.
互联网最初被认为是一个前沿领域,在这个领域里,创意和文化成果可以蓬勃发展,而不受模拟时代大公司把关的影响。随着数字时代的到来,媒体权力的集中和数字劳动力的不稳定性改变了人们的看法,引发了人们对互联网所宣称的民主化的质疑。本项目将音乐出版业作为这一民主化论题的案例研究,利用网络分析法研究 ASCAP 的 ACE Repertory 的出版数据,以更好地了解音乐行业中主要社会参与者的分散或集中情况。研究发现,从音乐许可证的总数来看,音乐产业非常分散,这表明了音乐出版的分散化。然而,这并不能让我们了解收入在这个网络中是如何分配的。随着技术不断改变内容创作,这些发现对媒体研究、音乐产业分析、文化经济学和技术研究具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
(In)visibilising diversity on national streaming platforms in France and Norway: A quantitative and qualitative visual analysis of thumbnails (法国和挪威国家流媒体平台多样性的(不)可视化:对缩略图的定量和定性视觉分析
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241270712
Maud Ceuterick, Marine Malet
In the film and television industry, many social movements as #MeToo, #BuryYourGay or #BlackLivesMatter have highlighted the necessity of better representations of marginalised communities on and off screen. As diversity and inclusion have become major issues in contemporary societies, video-on-demand (VOD) platforms have publicly committed to diversify representation in the films and series they produce and distribute. This article investigates how streaming platforms with different commercial or public interests and in different national contexts understand and promote diversity and inclusion through the analysis of paratext. Focussing on the visual analysis of thumbnails, we compare the French and Norwegian national public platforms (France TV and NRK TV) with the most popular commercial national platforms in each country (Canal + Series in France and Viaplay in Norway). The visibility and invisibility of gender, race, sexuality and (dis)ability on TV series’ thumbnails reveal certain national and platforms’ social, cultural and political values. By using mixed quantitative and qualitative methods including interviews conducted with industry professionals, we aim to highlight the impact of streaming platforms’ promotional practices on the (in)visibility of diversity.
在电影和电视行业,许多社会运动,如 #MeToo、#BuryYourGay 或 #BlackLivesMatter 都强调了在银幕内外更好地表现边缘化群体的必要性。由于多样性和包容性已成为当代社会的主要问题,视频点播(VOD)平台已公开承诺在其制作和发行的电影和剧集中体现多元化。本文通过对副文本的分析,探讨了在不同国家背景下,具有不同商业或公共利益的流媒体平台是如何理解和促进多样性与包容性的。我们以缩略图的视觉分析为重点,比较了法国和挪威的国家公共平台(法国电视和NRK电视)与各国最受欢迎的国家商业平台(法国的Canal + Series和挪威的Viaplay)。性别、种族、性和(能力)在电视剧缩略图中的可见性和不可见性揭示了某些国家和平台的社会、文化和政治价值观。通过混合使用定量和定性方法(包括对行业专业人士的访谈),我们旨在强调流媒体平台的宣传行为对多样性(不)可见性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Who pays the piper delivers the data: Audience measurement and programming in the crowdfunded radio 谁付费谁提供数据:众筹广播中的受众测量和节目制作
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241278901
Patryk Galuszka, Piotr Chmielewski
This paper investigates the functioning of Radio 357 – an Internet radio station financed since 2020, primarily by patrons. The empirical analysis based on in-depth interviews with patrons and radio staff shows how crowdfunded radio conceptualizes its activities, specifically how it acquires the knowledge of listeners and prepares its program offerings for them. In doing so, this study touches on the key differences between commercial terrestrial stations and crowdfunded radio and addresses the issue of ‘audience commodity’, first put forward by Smythe. The research conducted indicates that the shape of Radio 357 reflects the preferences of the majority of patrons and listeners, the observable behavior of patrons and listeners, employees’ beliefs about what good radio is, and the availability of alternative forms of funding (sponsorship). The success of Radio 357 shows that radio co-financed by patrons can become a viable alternative to radio stations funded by advertisers.
357 电台是一家自 2020 年起主要由赞助人资助的网络电台。基于对赞助人和电台工作人员的深入访谈所做的实证分析表明了众筹电台是如何构思其活动的,特别是如何获取听众的知识并为他们准备节目。在此过程中,本研究触及了商业地面广播电台与众筹广播电台之间的主要差异,并探讨了斯迈思首次提出的 "听众商品 "问题。研究表明,357 电台的形态反映了大多数赞助人和听众的偏好、赞助人和听众的可观察到的行为、员工对什么是好电台的信念,以及是否有其他形式的资金(赞助)。357 广播电台的成功表明,由赞助者共同出资的广播电台可以成为由广告商出资的 广播电台之外的另一种可行的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring users’ algorithmic knowledge and reflexivity in a music streaming context: A critical realist approach 探索用户在音乐流媒体环境中的算法知识和反身性:批判现实主义方法
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241277379
Sebastian Cole
Digital platforms such as Spotify have specific characteristics and properties that influence, to some extent, how the platform is used. However, users develop their own interpretations of these properties as well as unique ways to engage with the platform. This study applies a critical realist framework to explore how reflexivity modes are practiced in the context of Spotify as an example of algorithmic recommendation systems. From this perspective, reflexivity is a person’s capacity to reflect on their contexts, data, previous experiences, and knowledge, among other elements, before deciding how to act. Findings from interviews with Spotify users suggest that participants practice multiple reflexivity modes when interpreting Spotify’s recommendations and deciding what to listen to. These modes depend on each participant’s concerns and algorithmic knowledge.
Spotify 等数字平台具有特定的特点和属性,这些特点和属性在一定程度上影响着平台的使用方式。然而,用户会对这些特性做出自己的解释,并以独特的方式与平台互动。本研究采用批判现实主义框架,以算法推荐系统为例,探讨在 Spotify 的背景下如何实践反身性模式。从这个角度来看,反身性是指一个人在决定如何行动之前,对其背景、数据、以往经验和知识等要素进行反思的能力。对 Spotify 用户的访谈结果表明,参与者在解读 Spotify 的推荐并决定听什么时,会采用多种反身性模式。这些模式取决于每位参与者的关注点和算法知识。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative VOD catalogue research: Circulation, presence and prominence of British content in Europe VOD 目录比较研究:英国内容在欧洲的流通、存在和重要性
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241268057
Cathrin Bengesser, Matthew Hilborn, Jeanette Steemers
Video-on-demand (VoD) platforms have become primary spaces for encounters with transnational film and television, particularly among younger audiences. The expansion of global US-owned VoD services like Netflix has generated questions about the availability, discoverability, and prominence of domestic and European content, making the issue of how to analyse VoD catalogues pressing. Two perspectives are prevalent in VoD catalogue research: ‘back-end’ research emphasising composition and circulation; and ‘front-end’ analysing content presentation and discoverability. Quantitative methods facilitate comparative and longitudinal analyses of what is found on which VoD catalogues. Qualitative methods examine where and how audiences find content. This article, fostering synergy between the two, probes (1) the significance of VoD catalogue research in understanding the dynamics of transnational content flows and audience behaviours, and (2) its methodological possibilities and limitations. Focusing on British content in European VoD catalogues, it draws on two research projects: EUVoD (Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond AUFF, 2021–2024), analysing the developing European VoD market within changing conditions of competition and policy; and Screen Encounters with Britain (AHRC, 2022–2025), investigating young Europeans’ use of British film and TV. The article utilises the European Audiovisual Observatory’s databases of European works and the streaming guide JustWatch.com, combined with systematic tracking of VoD landing pages. It thus maps content availability, popularity, and promotional strategies across different European markets and services, showcasing how patterns of presence, prominence and circulation shape probable audience encounters with non-domestic content. The article probes methodological considerations, complexities and caveats applicable to wider catalogue research into transnational media. In the case of British content availability on VoD, it shows how a vast number of ca. 15,000 individual UK titles available in European catalogues boils down to about 200 titles that can be easily found on Netflix, and 70 titles there of that young audiences (aged 16–34) recall as UK shows they know and remember.
视频点播(VoD)平台已成为接触跨国电影和电视的主要空间,尤其是在年轻观众中。像 Netflix 这样由美国人拥有的全球性网络视频点播服务的扩张,引发了关于国内和欧洲内容的可用性、可发现性和突出性的问题,使得如何分析网络视频点播目录的问题迫在眉睫。网络视频目录研究中普遍存在两种观点:后端 "研究强调内容的构成和流通;"前端 "分析内容的呈现和可发现性。定量方法有助于对网络视频目录中的内容进行比较和纵向分析。定性方法则研究受众在哪里以及如何找到内容。本文将促进两者之间的协同作用,探讨:(1) 网络视频目录研究在了解跨国内容流动和受众行为动态方面的意义;(2) 其方法论的可能性和局限性。本研究以欧洲网络视频目录中的英国内容为重点,借鉴了两个研究项目:EUVoD(Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond AUFF,2021-2024 年),分析在不断变化的竞争和政策条件下欧洲网络视频市场的发展情况;Screen Encounters with Britain(AHRC,2022-2025 年),调查欧洲年轻人对英国电影和电视的使用情况。文章利用欧洲视听观察站的欧洲作品数据库和流媒体指南 JustWatch.com,并结合对网络视频登陆页面的系统跟踪。因此,文章描绘了不同欧洲市场和服务的内容可用性、受欢迎程度和推广策略,展示了存在、突出和流通模式如何塑造观众与非国内内容的可能接触。文章探讨了适用于更广泛的跨国媒体目录研究的方法论因素、复杂性和注意事项。以英国内容在网络视频上的可用性为例,文章展示了欧洲目录中约 15,000 种英国内容是如何被归结为约 200 种可以在 Netflix 上轻松找到的内容,以及其中 70 种年轻受众(16-34 岁)认为是他们熟悉和记得的英国节目的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Digitally skilled but socially disadvantaged: Enabling digital capabilities in low-income families 数字技术熟练,但社会地位低下:提高低收入家庭的数字能力
IF 2.8 2区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1177/13548565241268277
Anthony McCosker, Julie Tucker, Jenny Kennedy
This paper presents a case study of smart home technology use in a low-income household, focussing on the paradox within the digital divide of having high digital skills while experiencing social disadvantage. Contextualised within a larger study of digital disadvantage in low-income households, we use an ethnographic case study approach to examine the experiences of a single parent who lives with her son in public housing and uses various smart home and assistive technologies to manage the home environment and their health and disability. Countering macro studies that equate low-income and disability with digital exclusion, we explore the ‘enabling capabilities’ associated with using digital technologies to address disadvantage. Our case study is contextualised against the typical digital inclusion challenges faced by low-income families and draws on Sen and Nussbaum’s capabilities approach to addressing social inequalities. The paper highlights the need to support situation-specific digital capability development and flexible technology and social welfare arrangements. Our findings and approach contribute to a more nuanced understanding of how to address digital inequality.
本文介绍了一个低收入家庭使用智能家居技术的案例研究,重点关注数字鸿沟中的悖论,即拥有高数字技能的同时却处于社会不利地位。在对低收入家庭的数字劣势进行更广泛研究的背景下,我们采用人种学案例研究的方法,考察了一位单亲家庭的经历,她与儿子住在公共住房中,并使用各种智能家居和辅助技术来管理家庭环境以及他们的健康和残疾状况。与将低收入和残疾等同于数字排斥的宏观研究相反,我们探索了与使用数字技术解决弱势相关的 "使能能力"。我们的案例研究以低收入家庭面临的典型数字包容挑战为背景,并借鉴了森和努斯鲍姆解决社会不平等问题的能力方法。本文强调了支持针对具体情况的数字能力发展以及灵活的技术和社会福利安排的必要性。我们的研究结果和方法有助于更细致地理解如何解决数字不平等问题。
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引用次数: 0
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Convergence-The International Journal of Research Into New Media Technologies
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