A. O. Paramita, Stefan Partelow, Achim Schlüter, N. Buhari
The Indonesian multi-level governmental program (PITAP) is a participatory pond irrigation management policy established by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. It aims to catalyze the rehabilitation of irrigation canals to improve water access for small-scale aquaculture farmers. In PITAP, traditional aquaculture farmers are incentivized with government funding to create community-based co-management groups (POKLINA), to maintain the self-governance of their irrigation canals. The logic of PITAP is to encourage POKLINA farmers to rehabilitate their irrigation canals through subsidized labor payments that are coupled with strengthening the strong cultural norm of mutual assistance (i.e., collective action) within Indonesian society called Gotong-Royong. PITAP aims to revitalize Gotong-Royong through subsidized labor compensation with the hope that when the subsidy program is over, Gotong-Royong will be revitalized without external support. In this study, we compare and analyze four villages on Lombok, Indonesia, that participated in PITAP program in 2020 and 2021. The study is supported with empirical data using various qualitative data collection methods, including interviews, participant observations, and the collection of policy documents. We further use the Social-Ecological System Framework (SESF) as a diagnostic tool to structure the data collection process and analysis. Findings indicate that different variables hinder and enable collective action in the four villages, leading to different PITAP program outcomes. The likely reason for this, suggested by our findings, is that each village has different social and ecological conditions that influence intrinsic motivation for collective action. PITAP program either crowds out intrinsic motivation under some conditions or crowds it in under others. This suggests the need to consider contextual adaptations in policy design and implementation to improve outcomes better.
{"title":"Can the Indonesian collective action norm of Gotong-Royong be strengthened with economic incentives? Comparing the implementation of an aquaculture irrigation policy program","authors":"A. O. Paramita, Stefan Partelow, Achim Schlüter, N. Buhari","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1273","url":null,"abstract":"The Indonesian multi-level governmental program (PITAP) is a participatory pond irrigation management policy established by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. It aims to catalyze the rehabilitation of irrigation canals to improve water access for small-scale aquaculture farmers. In PITAP, traditional aquaculture farmers are incentivized with government funding to create community-based co-management groups (POKLINA), to maintain the self-governance of their irrigation canals. The logic of PITAP is to encourage POKLINA farmers to rehabilitate their irrigation canals through subsidized labor payments that are coupled with strengthening the strong cultural norm of mutual assistance (i.e., collective action) within Indonesian society called Gotong-Royong. PITAP aims to revitalize Gotong-Royong through subsidized labor compensation with the hope that when the subsidy program is over, Gotong-Royong will be revitalized without external support. In this study, we compare and analyze four villages on Lombok, Indonesia, that participated in PITAP program in 2020 and 2021. The study is supported with empirical data using various qualitative data collection methods, including interviews, participant observations, and the collection of policy documents. We further use the Social-Ecological System Framework (SESF) as a diagnostic tool to structure the data collection process and analysis. Findings indicate that different variables hinder and enable collective action in the four villages, leading to different PITAP program outcomes. The likely reason for this, suggested by our findings, is that each village has different social and ecological conditions that influence intrinsic motivation for collective action. PITAP program either crowds out intrinsic motivation under some conditions or crowds it in under others. This suggests the need to consider contextual adaptations in policy design and implementation to improve outcomes better.","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"111 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collaborative management has developed as a main approach to solving complex environmental problems such as diffuse water pollution from agriculture. This paper aims to understand the drivers of farmers’ participation in collaborative water quality management. The role of farm characteristics, farmers’ profiles and farmers’ social networks is more particularly investigated while taking into account transaction costs. The study relies on a statistical analysis of data collected in two drinking water catchments in France. The results show that larger, more profitable farms with more equipment and access to off-farm income are more likely to participate in collaborative processes for water quality management. Furthermore, farmers’ involvement in agricultural and nonagricultural networks has a strong positive influence on their participation. These results suggest that significant costs, including transaction costs, are associated with farmers’ participation in collaborative management. Targeted support for smaller, financially constrained farms and less-connected farmers could enhance the effectiveness of the collaborative approach to diffuse pollution control.
{"title":"The Drivers of Farmers’ Participation in Collaborative Water Management: A French Perspective","authors":"Laurence Amblard, Nadia Guiffant, Claire Bussière","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1279","url":null,"abstract":"Collaborative management has developed as a main approach to solving complex environmental problems such as diffuse water pollution from agriculture. This paper aims to understand the drivers of farmers’ participation in collaborative water quality management. The role of farm characteristics, farmers’ profiles and farmers’ social networks is more particularly investigated while taking into account transaction costs. The study relies on a statistical analysis of data collected in two drinking water catchments in France. The results show that larger, more profitable farms with more equipment and access to off-farm income are more likely to participate in collaborative processes for water quality management. Furthermore, farmers’ involvement in agricultural and nonagricultural networks has a strong positive influence on their participation. These results suggest that significant costs, including transaction costs, are associated with farmers’ participation in collaborative management. Targeted support for smaller, financially constrained farms and less-connected farmers could enhance the effectiveness of the collaborative approach to diffuse pollution control.","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"153 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139006429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leah Pieper, Santiago Virgüez, Edella Schlager, Charlies M. Schweik
Since Crawford and Ostrom proposed the Institutional Grammar (IG), a conceptual tool for breaking down and organizing institutional statements, a burgeoning literature has used it to study institutions contained in single documents and to conduct comparative institutional analysis across multiple countries and time periods. Moreover, rapid advances in text analysis and computational methods are creating new analytic opportunities to study rules, norms and strategies by leveraging the IG syntax. At this stage, it is important to assess the existing literature to understand how the IG has supported institutional analysis across a variety of contexts, including commons governance. Based on a corpus of 48 empirical articles published between 2010 and 2021, we explore how analysts have operationalized institutional statements using the IG. We also synthesize the IG-based metrics and theoretical concepts developed in these articles to illustrate the contributions of IG for measurement of challenging concepts such as polycentricity, discretion, and compliance, among others. Our findings indicate that the IG is a flexible and adaptable tool for institutional analysis, especially for making empirical contributions from text-based data, and it holds promise toward building a potentially new emerging subfield we call Computational Institutional Analysis.
{"title":"The Use of the Institutional Grammar 1.0 for Institutional Analysis: A Literature Review","authors":"Leah Pieper, Santiago Virgüez, Edella Schlager, Charlies M. Schweik","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1214","url":null,"abstract":"Since Crawford and Ostrom proposed the Institutional Grammar (IG), a conceptual tool for breaking down and organizing institutional statements, a burgeoning literature has used it to study institutions contained in single documents and to conduct comparative institutional analysis across multiple countries and time periods. Moreover, rapid advances in text analysis and computational methods are creating new analytic opportunities to study rules, norms and strategies by leveraging the IG syntax. At this stage, it is important to assess the existing literature to understand how the IG has supported institutional analysis across a variety of contexts, including commons governance. Based on a corpus of 48 empirical articles published between 2010 and 2021, we explore how analysts have operationalized institutional statements using the IG. We also synthesize the IG-based metrics and theoretical concepts developed in these articles to illustrate the contributions of IG for measurement of challenging concepts such as polycentricity, discretion, and compliance, among others. Our findings indicate that the IG is a flexible and adaptable tool for institutional analysis, especially for making empirical contributions from text-based data, and it holds promise toward building a potentially new emerging subfield we call Computational Institutional Analysis.","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71071045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosing Participation and Inclusion in Collective Decision-Making in the Commons: Lessons from Ecuador","authors":"Tanya Hayes, F. Murtinho","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48526117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How do alternative food networks (AFNs) cohere as a recognizable, global initiative against the dominant industrial food system (IFS), even in differing locations and social contexts? And how can their most visible venues, farmers’ markets, through commoning practices foster the development of a food commons in different contexts? Here, we compare farmers’ markets in Poland and the United States using central/peripheral empirical research to uncover their efficacy in practicing and sustaining a dynamic food commons. We track similarities that suggest potential for building a networked movement and identify challenges that can lead to re-enclosure of the food system.
{"title":"In Common or Enclosed: A Comparison of Farmers’ Market Development in Poland and the United States","authors":"J. M. Robinson, Ruta Śpiewak","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1219","url":null,"abstract":"How do alternative food networks (AFNs) cohere as a recognizable, global initiative against the dominant industrial food system (IFS), even in differing locations and social contexts? And how can their most visible venues, farmers’ markets, through commoning practices foster the development of a food commons in different contexts? Here, we compare farmers’ markets in Poland and the United States using central/peripheral empirical research to uncover their efficacy in practicing and sustaining a dynamic food commons. We track similarities that suggest potential for building a networked movement and identify challenges that can lead to re-enclosure of the food system.","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71070741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rudina Toto, Maja Grabkowska, P. Nientied, V. Smirnova, Sonja Dragović
{"title":"The Uncommonness of Urban Commons in Central and Eastern European Countries","authors":"Rudina Toto, Maja Grabkowska, P. Nientied, V. Smirnova, Sonja Dragović","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71070825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Grows During a Crisis? Cultivating the Food Commons in Oxfordshire","authors":"Eve Devillers","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71070860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Circle of Commoning: Conceptualising Commoning through the Case of Community-Led Housing","authors":"Yael Arbell","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71071008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"More-than-Human Commoning through Women’s Kokorozashi Business for Collective Well-being: A Case from Aging and Depopulating Rural Japan","authors":"Nanako Nakamura, Chizu Sato","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71071061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The idea of a Special Issue focusing on managing the African Commons was ignited as a result of the IASC 2020 Virtual Conference on African Commons held from 13 to 27 July 2020, which generated momentum on the need to better further dialogue on the African Commons. Marco Janssen organized the virtual events. Due to the debates generated and in consultation with the editors of IJC, it was felt that African Scholars should be encouraged to publish through Special Issues focusing on Africa. At that time, it was also envisaged that the Special Issue would strongly link on the governance of the commons to the Covid-19 pandemic. The global Covid-19 pandemic is one of the major defining moments for development. In Africa, the syndemic, which the Global Landscape Forum refers to as a ‘synergy of epidemics’ impacted the continent. Whilst Covid-19 started as a health crisis, it has cut across all facets of life. The special issue initially aimed on discussing within this multifaceted crisis and drawing the implications for the common natural resources in Africa such as atmospheric commons (climate), land, water, forests, fisheries, pastoralism, urban and knowledge commons whilst also using a gender lens. The thrust on Covid-19 was later muted as the special issue progressed due to authors not having made a strong linkage with Covid-19 implications for the commons governance. More papers were also anticipated but a number of presenters had presented some materials, which were already being considered for publication elsewhere with some even requiring more time to publish. After the review process, three webinar and paper presenters during the Africa Virtual events were available to provide full papers, which form part of this special issue (Akamani, 2023; Murombedzi and Chikozho, 2023; van Koppen, 2023). The special issue papers neatly links the global themes on gender within the water commons, climatic commons and the co-creation of forestry commons through co-management. In the first paper, van Koppen (2023) engages on scholarship centering on restoring the commons through engendering water tenure within Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper starts by articulating how water resources are a commons resource whose trajectory starts at the local level extending to the global hydrological cycle. The author argues that customary tenure based on the everyday practice has received very little attention on research scholarship, legal frameworks and within the policy arenas. The author endeavors to conceptualize the lived experiences of customary water tenure. The author argues that segmentation of water into silos is an invention of external experts, as the CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Everisto Mapedza International Water Management Institute (IWMI), South Africa E.Mapedza@cgiar.org
在2020年7月13日至27日举行的机构间常设委员会2020年非洲公地虚拟会议上，提出了以管理非洲公地为重点的特刊的想法，该会议为进一步就非洲公地进行更好对话的必要性提供了动力。Marco Janssen组织了这些虚拟活动。由于产生了辩论，并与国际学术委员会的编辑协商后，认为应鼓励非洲学者通过以非洲为重点的特刊发表文章。当时，还设想特刊将公地治理与Covid-19大流行紧密联系起来。2019冠状病毒病全球大流行是发展的重大决定性时刻之一。在非洲，被全球景观论坛称为“多种流行病协同作用”的疫情影响了该大陆。虽然新冠肺炎最初是一场健康危机，但它已经渗透到生活的方方面面。该特刊最初旨在讨论这一多方面的危机，并绘制对非洲共同自然资源的影响，如大气公地(气候)、土地、水、森林、渔业、畜牧业、城市和知识公地，同时也使用性别镜头。随着特刊的进展，对Covid-19的强调后来减弱了，因为作者没有将Covid-19对公共治理的影响强有力地联系起来。预计还会有更多的论文，但一些发言者提出了一些材料，这些材料已经在考虑在其他地方出版，有些材料甚至需要更长的时间才能出版。在审查过程之后，非洲虚拟活动期间的三名网络研讨会和论文演讲者提供了完整的论文，这些论文构成了本期特刊的一部分(Akamani, 2023;Murombedzi and Chikozho, 2023;van Koppen, 2023)。特刊论文巧妙地将水公地、气候公地和通过共同管理共同创造森林公地的全球性别主题联系起来。在第一篇论文中，van Koppen(2023)专注于通过在撒哈拉以南非洲产生水权属来恢复公地的学术研究。本文首先阐述了水资源是一种公共资源，其轨迹从地方层面开始延伸到全球水文循环。作者认为，基于日常实践的习惯权属在学术研究、法律框架和政策领域受到的关注很少。作者试图将习惯用水权属的生活经验概念化。作者认为，将水分割成筒仓是外部专家的发明，作为通讯作者:Everisto Mapedza国际水管理研究所(IWMI)，南非E.Mapedza@cgiar.org
{"title":"Managing African Commons in the Context of Covid-19 Challenges","authors":"E. Mapedza","doi":"10.5334/ijc.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1268","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of a Special Issue focusing on managing the African Commons was ignited as a result of the IASC 2020 Virtual Conference on African Commons held from 13 to 27 July 2020, which generated momentum on the need to better further dialogue on the African Commons. Marco Janssen organized the virtual events. Due to the debates generated and in consultation with the editors of IJC, it was felt that African Scholars should be encouraged to publish through Special Issues focusing on Africa. At that time, it was also envisaged that the Special Issue would strongly link on the governance of the commons to the Covid-19 pandemic. The global Covid-19 pandemic is one of the major defining moments for development. In Africa, the syndemic, which the Global Landscape Forum refers to as a ‘synergy of epidemics’ impacted the continent. Whilst Covid-19 started as a health crisis, it has cut across all facets of life. The special issue initially aimed on discussing within this multifaceted crisis and drawing the implications for the common natural resources in Africa such as atmospheric commons (climate), land, water, forests, fisheries, pastoralism, urban and knowledge commons whilst also using a gender lens. The thrust on Covid-19 was later muted as the special issue progressed due to authors not having made a strong linkage with Covid-19 implications for the commons governance. More papers were also anticipated but a number of presenters had presented some materials, which were already being considered for publication elsewhere with some even requiring more time to publish. After the review process, three webinar and paper presenters during the Africa Virtual events were available to provide full papers, which form part of this special issue (Akamani, 2023; Murombedzi and Chikozho, 2023; van Koppen, 2023). The special issue papers neatly links the global themes on gender within the water commons, climatic commons and the co-creation of forestry commons through co-management. In the first paper, van Koppen (2023) engages on scholarship centering on restoring the commons through engendering water tenure within Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper starts by articulating how water resources are a commons resource whose trajectory starts at the local level extending to the global hydrological cycle. The author argues that customary tenure based on the everyday practice has received very little attention on research scholarship, legal frameworks and within the policy arenas. The author endeavors to conceptualize the lived experiences of customary water tenure. The author argues that segmentation of water into silos is an invention of external experts, as the CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Everisto Mapedza International Water Management Institute (IWMI), South Africa E.Mapedza@cgiar.org","PeriodicalId":47250,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of the Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71071576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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