Ersin Nazlican, Burak Mete, Nezihat Rana Dişel, Lut Tamam
Objective: In parallel with common usage areas, pesticide poisonings are encountered in the community due to reasons such as no wearing of protective clothing and masks during use, unintentional consumption and suicide-intended intake. In this study was aimed to examine the cases who applied to the emergency department with pesticide poisoning and share of suicide cases.
Method: This study is a retrospective record study based on the files of 234 patients who reported to the emergency department for pesticide and rodenticide poisoning between 2014 and 2018. The patients were compared in terms of sociodemographic, substance type, prognosis, and accident/suicide status. Chi-square test, Binary logistic regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: Organophosphates was the most common substance recorded as a cause of poisoning, while rat poison placed second. 38% of the acute poisoning cases were suicide attempts. Poisoning among men was found to be prominently due to accident whiles among women suicidal poisoning was more prominent. While the mortality rate is 4.7% in all acute intoxication cases, the mortality rate in poisonings with suicidal purposes is 5.6%. Patients with psychiatric diseases have a 28-fold higher risk of intoxication of attempting suicide. The most common comorbid psychiatric disorders in acute pesticide poisoning are anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: A major proportion of pesticide poisoning cases is suicide attempts. Suicide attempt is at the forefront in women and death rates are higher in people with psychiatric illness. It may be advisable to avoid the easy accessibility of pesticides.
{"title":"The Use of Pesticides in Suicide Attempts in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey.","authors":"Ersin Nazlican, Burak Mete, Nezihat Rana Dişel, Lut Tamam","doi":"10.5080/u26347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u26347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In parallel with common usage areas, pesticide poisonings are encountered in the community due to reasons such as no wearing of protective clothing and masks during use, unintentional consumption and suicide-intended intake. In this study was aimed to examine the cases who applied to the emergency department with pesticide poisoning and share of suicide cases.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study is a retrospective record study based on the files of 234 patients who reported to the emergency department for pesticide and rodenticide poisoning between 2014 and 2018. The patients were compared in terms of sociodemographic, substance type, prognosis, and accident/suicide status. Chi-square test, Binary logistic regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Organophosphates was the most common substance recorded as a cause of poisoning, while rat poison placed second. 38% of the acute poisoning cases were suicide attempts. Poisoning among men was found to be prominently due to accident whiles among women suicidal poisoning was more prominent. While the mortality rate is 4.7% in all acute intoxication cases, the mortality rate in poisonings with suicidal purposes is 5.6%. Patients with psychiatric diseases have a 28-fold higher risk of intoxication of attempting suicide. The most common comorbid psychiatric disorders in acute pesticide poisoning are anxiety and depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A major proportion of pesticide poisoning cases is suicide attempts. Suicide attempt is at the forefront in women and death rates are higher in people with psychiatric illness. It may be advisable to avoid the easy accessibility of pesticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"33 4","pages":"248-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10532681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><p>Dear Editor, Next to focal neurological symptoms, epileptic seizures and head aches, brain tumors can less frequently bring about cognitive changes, slowed speech, difficulty sustaining mental functioning and psychiatric symptoms of personality changes and. loss of interest in daily activities, these symptoms may be evaluated as anxiety or depression. Depression is known to be a complication of brain tumours and may sometimes be seen after the presentation of neurological symptoms linked to brain tumours, and sometimes after tumor treatment (Oğuz et al. 2005, Litofsky et al. 2004, Moise and Madhusoodanan 2006, Oreskovic M et al. 2007, Rooney A et al. 2010). The dorsolateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal and medial frontal circuits constitute the three subcortical neuronal circuits in the frontal cortex. The dorsolateral prefrontal circuit is associated with planning and operational functions and lesions on it may give rise to apathy, abulia, perseveration, personality changes and planning disorder. Lesions involving the orbitofrontal circuit, which is associated with response suppression and disinhibition, may involve emotional lability and memory problems. Whereas lesions affecting the right orbitofrontal circuit give rise to elevated mood, lesions on the left orbitofrontal circuit lead to depressed mood. In cases with medial frontal circuit involvement, akinetic mutism may result from lesions in the superior medial region and anteroretrograde amnesia and confabulation are observed with lesions in the inferior medial region (Tosun et al. 2016, Chirchiglia 2018). A diagnosis of psychiatric disorder may be given during the first examination of patieants with primary brain tumours, especially if localized in the frontal lobe. Thorough history taking and physical examination are necessary for early diagnosis. The case reported here concerns a 29-year-old university graduate female patient, living with her partner and children, who consulted the clinic with complaints of tendency to frequent crying, anhedonia, having difficulty with speech fluency, forgetfulness and distractedness that had presented suddenly, 2 months previously, without any causative stressor. In her mental status examination, she appeared having normal self-care with appearance at her actual age. She was fully conscious and oriented, not willing to cooperate with the interview, had distinct difficulty in maintaining attention and with fluency of speech. Her mood was depressive. She described loss of appetite, fatigue and energy loss. Her difficulty in paying attention was pronounced. She did not have a history of psychotropic medication use or family history of psychiatric disease. She did not smoke or use alcohol or substance. After evaluating the clinical interview, a preliminary diagnosis of major depressive disorder was considered on the basis of the DSM-5 criteria. Routine blood tests were requested. Given the continuation of her complaints, the difficulty with fluent speech
亲爱的编辑，除了局灶性神经症状，癫痫发作和头痛，脑瘤很少会导致认知改变，语言迟缓，维持精神功能困难以及人格改变等精神症状。对日常活动失去兴趣，这些症状可被评估为焦虑或抑郁。众所周知，抑郁症是脑肿瘤的并发症，有时可能在出现与脑肿瘤相关的神经系统症状后出现，有时可能在肿瘤治疗后出现(Oğuz等人2005年，Litofsky等人2004年，Moise和Madhusoodanan 2006年，Oreskovic M等人2007年，Rooney a等人2010年)。前额叶背外侧神经回路、眶额神经回路和前额叶内侧神经回路构成了前额叶皮层的三个皮层下神经回路。背外侧前额叶回路与计划和操作功能有关，其损伤可引起冷漠、失语、毅力、人格改变和计划障碍。涉及眶额回路的病变，与反应抑制和解除抑制有关，可能涉及情绪不稳定和记忆问题。而影响右眼窝前额回路的病变会引起情绪升高，而影响左眼窝前额回路的病变会导致情绪低落。在内侧额叶回路受损伤的情况下，动性缄默症可能是由上内侧区域的病变引起的，下内侧区域的病变可以观察到顺行性失忆和幻觉(Tosun et al. 2016, Chirchiglia 2018)。在原发性脑肿瘤患者的第一次检查中，特别是如果肿瘤局限于额叶，可能会诊断出精神障碍。早期诊断需要详细的病史和体格检查。本文报告的病例涉及一名29岁的大学毕业生女性患者，与伴侣和孩子生活在一起，她以频繁哭泣、快感缺乏、语言流利困难、健忘和注意力分散的倾向就诊，这些症状在2个月前突然出现，没有任何诱因。精神状态检查显示其自理能力与实际年龄相符。她意识清醒，方向感不强，不愿意配合采访，有明显的注意力保持困难，说话不流畅。她的情绪很压抑。她描述了自己食欲不振、疲劳和精力不足的情况。她很难集中注意力是显而易见的。患者无精神药物使用史或精神疾病家族史。她不抽烟，不喝酒，也不吸毒。在评估临床访谈后，根据DSM-5标准考虑重度抑郁症的初步诊断。要求进行常规血液检查。考虑到她的持续抱怨，语言流利的困难以及第一周随访时睡眠倾向的增加，计划进行颅脑MRI。MRI示右侧额叶多房性肿块，胼胝体前延伸，右侧胼胝体边缘难以辨认，弥散性囊性坏死区伴T2信号。肿块的尺寸接近5 × 3厘米，导致中线从右向左移动1厘米(图1)。抑郁是额叶2级恶性胶质瘤2的首要症状<e:1> rk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2土耳其精神病学杂志致编辑的信143 144初步诊断为高级别胶质肿瘤，患者转介手术。病理结果为2级胶质瘤。据了解，放疗是在手术后开始的。术后2个月的精神病学访谈中，患者未出现任何精神病理症状。脑肿瘤通常表现为头痛、癫痫发作和其他神经系统症状，很少表现为抑郁，正如我们的病人所见。应该记住，非典型精神症状可能有潜在的器质性病变，细微的神经症状应该详细调查。最近一项针对37项观察性研究的荟萃分析确定，在总共4518名颅内肿瘤患者中，抑郁症的患病率为21.7%。抑郁症与脑肿瘤的合并症被证明会恶化生活质量，增加自杀风险，降低生存机会(Huang et al. 2017)。注意到精神症状可能是脑癌的临床线索，并强调在新发精神病或情绪障碍症状、非典型人格改变和无身体畸形障碍的厌食症病例中进行神经影像学检查的必要性(Madhusoodanan et al. 2015)。 失去兴趣，倾向于经常哭泣，内向和快感缺乏是唯一的抱怨在这里讨论的情况下。在第一次每周控制随访中，精神运动迟缓和运动迟缓的增加需要神经影像学检查。尽管文献中报道了不可预防的过度行为、去抑制和易怒与右额叶损伤和病变的频繁关联(okumucu and Hocaoğlu 2018)，但在本病例中，抑郁是主要症状。原发性重度抑郁症和表现为潜在躯体疾病的抑郁症之间存在差异，这些疾病已知发生在较晚的年龄(Rouchell et al. 2002)。然而，我们的患者年龄为29岁。此外，躯体疾病导致的抑郁症病例与抑郁症家族史、自杀意念和企图的关系较小，而认知症状在精神状态检查中显得尤为突出。(Sertöz and Mete 2004; Rouchell et al. 2002)。我们的病人没有自杀的想法或企图，也没有抑郁症的家族史。冷漠可以解释为情绪钝化、冷漠或脱离外部世界，在缺乏情绪表达的同时，有针对性的行为也减少了。这里所讨论的人学会了不坐在桌子旁，也不换电视频道，除非有人提醒。当被问及原因时，她想不出一个。情绪表达的减少伴随着洞察力的降低、滥用和缺乏同理心(Sözeri Varma et al. 2019)。在抑郁症中，冷漠被定义为“悲伤的抑郁”。我们的病人哭了，但有非常迟钝的模仿和手势。她解释说，即使在她内心不感到痛苦的时候，她也会忍不住哭泣。作为一种难以与抑郁症区分的症状，冷漠的严重程度仍未被理解。神经影像学图1-患者颅脑MRI 145接收时间:16.08.2020，接收时间:04.12.2020，可在线查询日期:05.10.2021 1MD。安塔利亚Kepez州立医院精神科，安塔利亚，医学博士。e-mail: bosbora@yahoo.com https://doi.org/10.5080/u25957研究表明，冷漠是额叶-皮层下回路受损和腹内侧前额叶皮层与基底神经节之间连接功能障碍的反映(Chase 2011)。45例老年抑郁症患者与43例健康人的对比显示，抗抑郁药物治疗后，冷漠与额边缘灰质和白质异常有关。讨论了后膝亚扣带回和钩状束的结构异常(Yuen 2014)。这里讨论的病例是为了强调脑成像方法和非典型症状的详细调查对精神疾病诊断方法的重要性。特别是，年轻时出现精神运动迟缓、语言流畅性下降和无压力源的突然戒断症状的抑郁症，应作为继发性抑郁症的警告。你的真诚…Şerif Bora Nazlı1, Muhammet Sevindik2参考文献Chase TN(2011)神经精神疾病中的冷漠:诊断，病理生理学和治疗。神经毒素Res 19:266-78。Chirchiglia D(2018)假性抑郁是额叶脑肿瘤的预期症状。《抑郁与焦虑》1:7 7。黄军，曾超，肖军等(2017)抑郁症与脑肿瘤的相关性:系统综述和meta分析。Oncotarget 8:94932-43。利托夫斯基NS, Farace E, Anderson F等(2004)神经胶质瘤患者抑郁:神经胶质瘤预后项目的结果。神经外科54:358 - 67。Madhusoodanan S, Ting MB, Farah T等(2015)脑肿瘤的精神病学方面:综述。世界精神病学杂志5:273-85。Moise D, Madhusoodanan S(2006)与脑肿瘤相关的精神症状:一个临床谜。[CNS spectre] 2006;11:28-31。Oğuz N, Ilnem C, Yener F(2005)脑肿瘤的精神症状:病例报告。临床精神药理学通报15:18-21。Hocaoğlu Ç， okumuub B(2018)精神病学表现与脑肿瘤:一个病例报告和简要回顾。穆斯塔法·凯末尔大学医学杂志9:42-9。Oreskovic NM, Strother CG, Zibners LM(2007)一例中枢神经系统肿瘤作为抑郁症主诉的不
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Depression As The First Symptom Of Frontal Lobe Grade 2 Malignant Glioma.","authors":"Şerif Bora Nazlı, Muhammet Sevindik","doi":"10.5080/u25957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u25957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dear Editor, Next to focal neurological symptoms, epileptic seizures and head aches, brain tumors can less frequently bring about cognitive changes, slowed speech, difficulty sustaining mental functioning and psychiatric symptoms of personality changes and. loss of interest in daily activities, these symptoms may be evaluated as anxiety or depression. Depression is known to be a complication of brain tumours and may sometimes be seen after the presentation of neurological symptoms linked to brain tumours, and sometimes after tumor treatment (Oğuz et al. 2005, Litofsky et al. 2004, Moise and Madhusoodanan 2006, Oreskovic M et al. 2007, Rooney A et al. 2010). The dorsolateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal and medial frontal circuits constitute the three subcortical neuronal circuits in the frontal cortex. The dorsolateral prefrontal circuit is associated with planning and operational functions and lesions on it may give rise to apathy, abulia, perseveration, personality changes and planning disorder. Lesions involving the orbitofrontal circuit, which is associated with response suppression and disinhibition, may involve emotional lability and memory problems. Whereas lesions affecting the right orbitofrontal circuit give rise to elevated mood, lesions on the left orbitofrontal circuit lead to depressed mood. In cases with medial frontal circuit involvement, akinetic mutism may result from lesions in the superior medial region and anteroretrograde amnesia and confabulation are observed with lesions in the inferior medial region (Tosun et al. 2016, Chirchiglia 2018). A diagnosis of psychiatric disorder may be given during the first examination of patieants with primary brain tumours, especially if localized in the frontal lobe. Thorough history taking and physical examination are necessary for early diagnosis. The case reported here concerns a 29-year-old university graduate female patient, living with her partner and children, who consulted the clinic with complaints of tendency to frequent crying, anhedonia, having difficulty with speech fluency, forgetfulness and distractedness that had presented suddenly, 2 months previously, without any causative stressor. In her mental status examination, she appeared having normal self-care with appearance at her actual age. She was fully conscious and oriented, not willing to cooperate with the interview, had distinct difficulty in maintaining attention and with fluency of speech. Her mood was depressive. She described loss of appetite, fatigue and energy loss. Her difficulty in paying attention was pronounced. She did not have a history of psychotropic medication use or family history of psychiatric disease. She did not smoke or use alcohol or substance. After evaluating the clinical interview, a preliminary diagnosis of major depressive disorder was considered on the basis of the DSM-5 criteria. Routine blood tests were requested. Given the continuation of her complaints, the difficulty with fluent speech","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"33 2","pages":"143-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40177546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><p>Sayın Editör, Bu yazıda amaç Türkçe DSM-5 için daha akıcı ve anlaşılabilir ortak bir dil oluşturma çabasıdır. Yöntem: DSM-5'in ya da DSM'nin 5. baskısının Türkçe ve İngilizce baskıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu yazıda ana bölüm 2'ye kadar olan kısım incelenmiştir. Kurum eleştirisi: DSM-5 Türkçe çevirisinin eleştirilebilecek noktalarının olması özel bir yayıncılık tarafından çevrilmesinin etkisi olabilir. Bir kişinin özel çabasının üzerinde bir organizasyon gerektirdiği düşünülmektedir. Çeviriyi Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği görev grupları ve çalışma birimleri yapabilir veya en azından çeviriye dahil edilebilirdi" şeklinde yazmak daha uygun olabilir. Hâkim dil eleştirisi: Çeviride hâkim olan Türkçenin tıbbi Türkçe mi yoksa edebi Türkçe mi eski Türkçe veya Osmanlıca Türkçesinin mi modern Türkçenin mi hâkim olduğu anlaşılamamaktadır. Aslında bu sorunun cevabı bellidir. DSM- 5 medikal model eksenli bir kitaptır (American Psychiatric Association 2013) ve çevirisinin de tıbbi eksenli olması beklenir. DSM-5 İngilizce ön sözünde biyolojik, psikodinamik, bilişsel, davranışsal, kişiler arası gibi farklı alanlarda çalışan klinisyenler ve araştırmacılar için çeşitlilik gösteren resmi bir dil kullanıldığı ifade edilmektedir. İşte Türkçe çevirinin ortak resmi bir dil yerine kaynağı belirsiz tek bir görüşü temsil ettiği düşünülmektedir. DSM-5 TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİYE BİR KISMİ ELEŞTİRİ Muhatap eleştirisi: DSM-5 kitabının muhatapları bellidir. DSM-5'in İngilizce ön sözünde kitabın klinisyenler, eğiticiler ve araştırmacılar için bu alanda bir başvuru kaynağı olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Türkiye için başta psikiyatri uzmanları olmak üzere bu alanda çalışan diğer meslek gruplarıdır. Fakat DSM-5'in Türkçe çevirisinin kullanılan dil açısından hangi meslek grubuna hitap ettiği net olarak anlaşılamamaktadır. Profesyonel çalışanlardan ziyade edebiyata ya da eski Türkçeye meraklı bir grubu hedef aldığı izlenimi oluşmaktadır. Başlık eleştirisi: Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği 2013. Burada istatistik kavramı sayımsal olarak çevrilmiş. Dilde akıcılık ve uyum göz önünde bulundurulduğunda güzel görünse de anlamın oturmadığı söylenebilir. Kitabın uzun halinin başlığı da kısa hali gibi "DSM-5 Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru El Kitabı" olabilirdi. Ön söz eleştirisi: Kitaba bir Türkçe çeviri ön sözü eklenebilirdi. Ön sözde öncelikle editörün DSM-5 hakkındaki genel görüşleri veya DSM-5 anlayışı değerlendirilebilirdi. Sonra Türkçe çeviri çalışmalarından bahsedilebilirdi. Nasıl bir yöntem uygulandığı, anahtar veya tartışmalı kelimelerin yerine hangi Türkçe kelimelerin neden tercih edildiği anlatılabilirdi. Eksik yerler: İngilizce baskıda bulunan DSM-5 görev timinin (Task Force) başkan ve başkan yardımcısının isimlerini taşıyan (Preface) Ön söz bölümü Türkçeye çevrilmemiştir. Ayrıca DSM-5'in hazırlanma süreçlerini anlatan (Introduction) Giriş bölümü de Türkçe baskıda bulunmamaktadır. Türkçe çeviri bu noktada eksik veya ihmal edilmiş şekilde tanımlanabilir.
{"title":"DSM-5 TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİYE BİR KISMİ ELEŞTİRİ.","authors":"Osman Özdemir","doi":"10.5080/u26540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u26540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sayın Editör, Bu yazıda amaç Türkçe DSM-5 için daha akıcı ve anlaşılabilir ortak bir dil oluşturma çabasıdır. Yöntem: DSM-5'in ya da DSM'nin 5. baskısının Türkçe ve İngilizce baskıları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu yazıda ana bölüm 2'ye kadar olan kısım incelenmiştir. Kurum eleştirisi: DSM-5 Türkçe çevirisinin eleştirilebilecek noktalarının olması özel bir yayıncılık tarafından çevrilmesinin etkisi olabilir. Bir kişinin özel çabasının üzerinde bir organizasyon gerektirdiği düşünülmektedir. Çeviriyi Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği görev grupları ve çalışma birimleri yapabilir veya en azından çeviriye dahil edilebilirdi\" şeklinde yazmak daha uygun olabilir. Hâkim dil eleştirisi: Çeviride hâkim olan Türkçenin tıbbi Türkçe mi yoksa edebi Türkçe mi eski Türkçe veya Osmanlıca Türkçesinin mi modern Türkçenin mi hâkim olduğu anlaşılamamaktadır. Aslında bu sorunun cevabı bellidir. DSM- 5 medikal model eksenli bir kitaptır (American Psychiatric Association 2013) ve çevirisinin de tıbbi eksenli olması beklenir. DSM-5 İngilizce ön sözünde biyolojik, psikodinamik, bilişsel, davranışsal, kişiler arası gibi farklı alanlarda çalışan klinisyenler ve araştırmacılar için çeşitlilik gösteren resmi bir dil kullanıldığı ifade edilmektedir. İşte Türkçe çevirinin ortak resmi bir dil yerine kaynağı belirsiz tek bir görüşü temsil ettiği düşünülmektedir. DSM-5 TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİYE BİR KISMİ ELEŞTİRİ Muhatap eleştirisi: DSM-5 kitabının muhatapları bellidir. DSM-5'in İngilizce ön sözünde kitabın klinisyenler, eğiticiler ve araştırmacılar için bu alanda bir başvuru kaynağı olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Türkiye için başta psikiyatri uzmanları olmak üzere bu alanda çalışan diğer meslek gruplarıdır. Fakat DSM-5'in Türkçe çevirisinin kullanılan dil açısından hangi meslek grubuna hitap ettiği net olarak anlaşılamamaktadır. Profesyonel çalışanlardan ziyade edebiyata ya da eski Türkçeye meraklı bir grubu hedef aldığı izlenimi oluşmaktadır. Başlık eleştirisi: Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği 2013. Burada istatistik kavramı sayımsal olarak çevrilmiş. Dilde akıcılık ve uyum göz önünde bulundurulduğunda güzel görünse de anlamın oturmadığı söylenebilir. Kitabın uzun halinin başlığı da kısa hali gibi \"DSM-5 Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru El Kitabı\" olabilirdi. Ön söz eleştirisi: Kitaba bir Türkçe çeviri ön sözü eklenebilirdi. Ön sözde öncelikle editörün DSM-5 hakkındaki genel görüşleri veya DSM-5 anlayışı değerlendirilebilirdi. Sonra Türkçe çeviri çalışmalarından bahsedilebilirdi. Nasıl bir yöntem uygulandığı, anahtar veya tartışmalı kelimelerin yerine hangi Türkçe kelimelerin neden tercih edildiği anlatılabilirdi. Eksik yerler: İngilizce baskıda bulunan DSM-5 görev timinin (Task Force) başkan ve başkan yardımcısının isimlerini taşıyan (Preface) Ön söz bölümü Türkçeye çevrilmemiştir. Ayrıca DSM-5'in hazırlanma süreçlerini anlatan (Introduction) Giriş bölümü de Türkçe baskıda bulunmamaktadır. Türkçe çeviri bu noktada eksik veya ihmal edilmiş şekilde tanımlanabilir.","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"33 3","pages":"220-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33477703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammed Hakan Aksu, Bahadır Geniş, Çiğdem Geniş, Behcet Coşar
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of perceptions on the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life and suicidal ideation in both healthy controls and individuals with psychiatric disorders.
Method: The study was conducted on 4 different groups with 83 depressive disorders, 90 anxiety disorders and 61 schizophrenia patients who have been followed in Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital Mental Health and Diseases outpatient clinic since before the COVID-19 pandemic period and another group of 93 healthy volunteers. Participants were evaluated with Sociodemographic Data Form, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), SF-36 Quality of Life Scale (SF- 36), Perception of COVID-19 Scale (P-COVID-19), and Perception of Causes of COVID-19 Scale (PCa-COVID-19).
Results: The perception on the danger and contaigiousness of P-COVID-19 scored lowest in the schizophrenia group, compared to other groups and PCa-COVID-19's Conspiracy and Belief subdimension scores were highest. In all groups, a significant negative correlation was found between the P-COVID-19's dangerousness subdimension score and the SF-36 scale's Mental Health sub-dimension. Again, in all groups, significant positive correlations were found between the Dangerousness sub-dimension score of P-COVID-19 and the anger/impulsivity, hopelessness/loneliness and suicidal thoughts sub-dimensions of the SPS.
Conclusion: The negative effects of perceptions associated with COVID-19 on mental health were observed both in groups with a psychiatric disorder and in healthy controls. The higher number of participants and longitudinal research will provide a better understanding of the effects of perceptions associated with COVID-19 and will guide the necessary treatment interventions.
{"title":"The Effect of the New Type Coronavirus Outbreak on Quality of Life and Suicidal Thoughts in Psychiatric Patients.","authors":"Muhammed Hakan Aksu, Bahadır Geniş, Çiğdem Geniş, Behcet Coşar","doi":"10.5080/u26525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u26525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of perceptions on the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life and suicidal ideation in both healthy controls and individuals with psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study was conducted on 4 different groups with 83 depressive disorders, 90 anxiety disorders and 61 schizophrenia patients who have been followed in Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital Mental Health and Diseases outpatient clinic since before the COVID-19 pandemic period and another group of 93 healthy volunteers. Participants were evaluated with Sociodemographic Data Form, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), SF-36 Quality of Life Scale (SF- 36), Perception of COVID-19 Scale (P-COVID-19), and Perception of Causes of COVID-19 Scale (PCa-COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The perception on the danger and contaigiousness of P-COVID-19 scored lowest in the schizophrenia group, compared to other groups and PCa-COVID-19's Conspiracy and Belief subdimension scores were highest. In all groups, a significant negative correlation was found between the P-COVID-19's dangerousness subdimension score and the SF-36 scale's Mental Health sub-dimension. Again, in all groups, significant positive correlations were found between the Dangerousness sub-dimension score of P-COVID-19 and the anger/impulsivity, hopelessness/loneliness and suicidal thoughts sub-dimensions of the SPS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The negative effects of perceptions associated with COVID-19 on mental health were observed both in groups with a psychiatric disorder and in healthy controls. The higher number of participants and longitudinal research will provide a better understanding of the effects of perceptions associated with COVID-19 and will guide the necessary treatment interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"33 3","pages":"149-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33478245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has directed the use of telemedicine and digital mental health services to meet the needs of people in order to maintain physical distancing by preventing person to person contact. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of telemental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: An electronic search was carried out between January 01, 2020 and October 31, 2020 to explore the utilization of telehealth services for mental health problems among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary source of literature was the structured search of major electronic databases from the MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Plus, Science Direct and the Web of Science. We included nine published studies meeting the the eligibility criteria.
Results: The role of telehealth identified in this review mainly focused on the applicability of this modality for assessing and managing various mental health problems in these unprecedented times. It also pointed out that the provision of telemental health support reduced the burden of mental health diseases and promoted the wellbeing of the individual. Further, it was witnessed that patients preferred remote consultation as compared to face-to-face visits in order to avoid contracting the virus and found online mental health interventions and psychological counseling very helpful to cope up with the current crisis.
Conclusion: The current COVID-19 lockdown has changed the management of the mental health problems of patients. The use of this innovative modality prevents transmission of infection and provides timely treatment to the community members most in need.
目的:2019冠状病毒病大流行指导了远程医疗和数字精神卫生服务的使用，以满足人们的需求，通过防止人与人之间的接触来保持身体距离。本综述的目的是强调远程卫生服务在COVID-19大流行期间的作用。方法:在2020年1月1日至2020年10月31日期间进行电子检索，探讨COVID-19大流行期间成人心理健康问题远程医疗服务的利用情况。文献的主要来源是对MEDLINE (PubMed)、CINAHL Plus、Science Direct和Web of Science等主要电子数据库进行结构化搜索。我们纳入了9项符合入选标准的已发表研究。结果:本次审查中确定的远程医疗的作用主要集中在这种模式在这个前所未有的时代评估和管理各种心理健康问题的适用性上。它还指出，提供远程心理健康支持减少了心理疾病的负担，促进了个人的福祉。此外，与面对面就诊相比，患者更喜欢远程咨询，以避免感染病毒，并发现在线心理健康干预和心理咨询对应对当前危机非常有帮助。结论:当前新冠肺炎疫情的封锁改变了患者心理健康问题的管理。使用这种创新方式可防止感染的传播，并为最需要的社区成员提供及时治疗。
{"title":"Role of the Telemental Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Naureen Akber Ali, Adeel Khoja, Fizzah Kazim","doi":"10.5080/u26021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u26021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has directed the use of telemedicine and digital mental health services to meet the needs of people in order to maintain physical distancing by preventing person to person contact. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of telemental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An electronic search was carried out between January 01, 2020 and October 31, 2020 to explore the utilization of telehealth services for mental health problems among adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary source of literature was the structured search of major electronic databases from the MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Plus, Science Direct and the Web of Science. We included nine published studies meeting the the eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The role of telehealth identified in this review mainly focused on the applicability of this modality for assessing and managing various mental health problems in these unprecedented times. It also pointed out that the provision of telemental health support reduced the burden of mental health diseases and promoted the wellbeing of the individual. Further, it was witnessed that patients preferred remote consultation as compared to face-to-face visits in order to avoid contracting the virus and found online mental health interventions and psychological counseling very helpful to cope up with the current crisis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current COVID-19 lockdown has changed the management of the mental health problems of patients. The use of this innovative modality prevents transmission of infection and provides timely treatment to the community members most in need.</p>","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"32 4","pages":"275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39769911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><p>Dear Editor, The chapter on mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) has been now finalized. Reporting of health statistics by Member States to the World Health Organization (WHO) using the new diagnostic system will begin in 2022. The section on mood disorders of the ICD-11 is overall consistent with the corresponding section of the ICD-10. However, the definitions of a depressive and a manic episode have been slightly changed, making them consistent with the DSM-5 (see below), and an independent category of bipolar II disorder has been introduced. A significant effort has been made by the WHO and the American Psychiatric Association to harmonize the diagnostic systems they produce (the ICD-11 and the DSM-5). Indeed, the organizational framework ("metastructure") is now the same in the two systems. Nonetheless, several intentional differences between the two classifications remain, or have emerged as a consequence of changes made in the DSM- 5. Here we briefly summarize the convergences and the divergences between the ICD-11 and the DSM-5 regarding the section on mood disorders (see Table 1). A major convergence between the two diagnostic systems regards the minimum number of symptoms required for the diagnosis of major depression ("depressive episode" in the ICD-11). In the ICD-11, contrary to the ICD-10, the threshold for the diagnosis of depression is the same as in the DSM: at least five depressive symptoms. However, the ICD-11 requires at least five symptoms out of a list of ten (instead of nine as in the DSM-5). The additional symptom is "hopelessness", which has been found to outperform more than half of DSM symptoms in differentiating depressed from non-depressed people (McGlinchey et al. 2006). Table 1. Some Main Differences Between ICD-10, ICD-11 and DSM-5 Concerning the Diagnosis Of Mood Disorders ICD-10 ICD-11 DSM-5 Threshold for diagnosis of depressive episode At least four out of ten symptoms, two of which must be depressed mood, loss of interest and enjoyment, or increased fatigability At least five out of ten symptoms, one of which must be depressed mood or diminished interest or pleasure At least five out of nine symptoms, one of which must be depressed mood or diminished interest or pleasure The threshold for the diagnosis of depression is higher if the person is bereaved Not made explicit Yes No Antidepressant-related mania qualifies as a manic episode No Yes Yes Mixed episode is a separate diagnostic entity Yes Yes No Dysthymia is a separate diagnostic entity Yes Yes No Bipolar II disorder is a separate diagnostic entity No Yes Yes "Qualifiers" ("specifiers") for the diagnoses of mood disorders are provided No Yes Yes CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCES IN THE ICD-11 VS. DSM-5 CLASSIFICATION OF MOOD DISORDERS 294 The ICD-11 is also following the DSM-5 in requiring the presence of increased activity or a subject
亲爱的编辑:《国际疾病和相关健康问题分类》(ICD-11)第11版关于精神、行为和神经发育障碍的章节现已定稿。会员国将于2022年开始使用新的诊断系统向世界卫生组织(世卫组织)报告卫生统计数据。ICD-11中关于情绪障碍的章节与ICD-10的相应章节总体上是一致的。然而，抑郁症和躁狂发作的定义略有改变，使它们与DSM-5一致(见下文)，并且引入了一个独立的双相II型障碍类别。世界卫生组织和美国精神病学协会做出了重大努力，以协调他们制定的诊断系统(ICD-11和DSM-5)。实际上，两个系统中的组织框架(“元结构”)现在是相同的。尽管如此，两种分类之间仍然存在一些有意的差异，或者由于DSM- 5的变化而出现了一些差异。在这里，我们简要总结了ICD-11和DSM-5在情绪障碍部分的趋同和分歧(见表1)。两个诊断系统之间的主要趋同之处在于诊断重度抑郁症(ICD-11中的“抑郁发作”)所需的最低症状数量。在ICD-11中，与ICD-10相反，诊断抑郁症的阈值与DSM相同:至少有五种抑郁症状。然而，ICD-11要求在10种症状中至少列出5种(而不是DSM-5中的9种)。另外一个症状是“绝望”，研究发现，在区分抑郁症患者和非抑郁症患者方面，它比DSM症状的一半还要有效(McGlinchey et al. 2006)。表1。ICD-10, ICD-11和DSM-5关于情绪障碍诊断的一些主要差异ICD-10 ICD-11和DSM-5诊断抑郁发作的阈值10个症状中至少有4个，其中2个必须是情绪抑郁，失去兴趣和享受，或疲劳增加10个症状中至少有5个，其中1个必须是情绪抑郁或兴趣或快乐减少9个症状中至少有5个，其中之一必须抑郁情绪或减少兴趣或乐趣抑郁症的诊断的门槛更高,如果这个人是失去亲人的不明确是的没有Antidepressant-related狂热视作躁狂发作是的是的混合集是一个独立的诊断实体是的是的没有情绪障碍是一个独立的诊断实体是的是的没有双向二症是一个独立的诊断实体是的是的“限定词”(“说明符”)情绪障碍的诊断是没有提供《ICD-11》与《DSM-5》情绪障碍分类的趋同与分歧294《ICD-11》也遵循了《DSM-5》的规定，除了欣快感(或易怒或扩张性)外，还要求存在活动增加或能量增加的主观体验，以诊断躁狂发作，以减少假阳性病例的机会。这两种诊断系统还一致认为，在抗抑郁药物治疗期间出现的躁狂或轻躁症，并且持续时间超出了治疗的已知生理效应，就有资格成为躁狂或轻躁发作。双相情感障碍II已成为ICD-11中一个独立的类别(在ICD-10中，它只是作为“其他双相情感障碍”的一个例子被提及)。此外，ICD第一次遵循DSM，根据症状学或病程的特定方面，对情绪障碍的诊断引入了“限定词”(对应于DSM-5的“说明词”)。然而，这两种诊断系统在三个重要方面存在分歧。所有这些都是DSM-5所做的修改的结果，而相关的ICD-11委员会认为这些修改没有得到现有研究证据的充分支持。第一个分歧涉及丧亲之痛的问题。在ICD-11中，与DSM-IV和ICD-10的方法一致，它指出“如果抑郁症状与个人宗教和文化背景下对悲伤的规范反应一致，则不应考虑抑郁发作”。然而，如果一个人失去亲人，也不排除抑郁症的诊断;诊断门槛只是提高了，就像在普通临床实践中发生的那样。丧亲期间的抑郁发作表现为症状持续至少一个月，并且至少出现一种正常悲伤中不太可能出现的症状(如与失去的亲人无关的低自我价值或内疚的极端信念，精神病性症状的出现，自杀意念或精神运动迟缓)。 相比之下，DSM-IV赋予丧亲之痛在生活压力源中的特殊地位在DSM-5中被取消了。然而，两项独立的随访研究(Mojtabai 2011, Wakefield and Schmitz 2012)报道，基线丧亲相关抑郁症患者在随访期间再次抑郁发作的风险显著低于基线非丧亲相关抑郁症患者，与基线无抑郁史的患者在随访期间首次抑郁发作的风险无显著差异。这一研究证据有力地支持ICD-11(和DSM-IV)的方法。此外，一场激烈的公开辩论强调了DSM-5处理丧亲问题的方法在几种文化中可能产生的后果，包括假阳性率高、抑郁症概念的轻视以及由此导致的精神障碍(Kleinman 2012)。ICD-11和DSM-5关于情绪障碍部分的第二个分歧涉及混合状态。ICD-11保留混合性发作的分类，定义为在至少两周的时间内同时出现或非常迅速交替(每天或同一天)的几种突出的躁狂和抑郁症状。情绪状态在整个发作过程中发生变化(即，情绪应该是抑郁、烦躁、愉悦或膨胀的，至少持续两周)。当抑郁症状占主导地位时，常见的对立症状是易怒、思绪混乱或拥挤、健谈和活动增加。当躁狂症状占主导地位时，常见的对立症状是烦躁不安的情绪，表达无价值的信念，绝望和自杀意念。这一定义与ICD-10一致，与经典和最近的研究证据以及临床经验完全一致。相比之下，DSM-5解决方案消除了混合性发作的类别，并引入了一个“具有混合特征”的说明，适用于躁狂、轻躁狂和抑郁发作，其结果是在普通临床实践中降低了“混合性”的可见性(特别是因为说明是不可编码的，因此有在临床环境中不被记录的风险)。此外，DSM-5对具有混合特征的重度抑郁症的定义，要求至少存在三种“经典”躁狂症状(如情绪升高、浮夸和参与风险活动的增加)，被批评为与经典和近期文献(例如Koukopoulos和Sani 2014)所描述的混合型抑郁症的概念不一致。两种诊断系统之间的第三个分歧在于，ICD-11没有遵循DSM-5，将心境恶劣障碍和慢性重度抑郁症合并为一个类别(“持续性抑郁症”)。事实上，ICD-11委员会的相关专家认为，证明这两种疾病代表同一病症，并应以相同的治疗方式加以解决的证据是不足的。在ICD-11中保留了心境恶劣障碍的类别，而当至少在过去两年中连续满足抑郁发作的诊断要求时，将使用限定词“当前发作持续”。讨论的情绪障碍的分类的其他方面,与相关治疗的影响,以及信息之间的差异ICD-11和dsm - 5关于精神疾病的分类的其他部分,我们之前参考读者贡献(Demyttenaere et al . 2015年,油炸等。2016年,Haroz et al . 2017年,Boschloo et al . 2019年,科比2019年,《福布斯》等。2019年,Fusar-Poli et al . 2019年,Gureje et al . 2019, 295收到:医学博士，坎帕尼亚L.万维泰利大学，世卫组织精神卫生研究和培训合作中心，意大利那不勒斯。Arcangelo Di Cerbo博士，e-mail: ardice77@gmail.com https://doi.org/10.5080/u26899 Reed等人2019,Kendall 2019, van Os等人2019,Cuijpers等人2020,Fava和Guidi 2020, Gaebel等人2019,2020,Hasler 2020, Jarrett 2020, Kato等人2020,Maj等人2020,Reynolds 2020, Sanislow 2020, Stein等人2020)。设立了一个国际咨询小组，以监督《国际疾病分类-11》精神障碍章节的翻
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCES IN THE ICD-11 VS. DSM-5 CLASSIFICATION OF MOOD DISORDERS.","authors":"Arcangelo DI Cerbo","doi":"10.5080/u26899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u26899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dear Editor, The chapter on mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) has been now finalized. Reporting of health statistics by Member States to the World Health Organization (WHO) using the new diagnostic system will begin in 2022. The section on mood disorders of the ICD-11 is overall consistent with the corresponding section of the ICD-10. However, the definitions of a depressive and a manic episode have been slightly changed, making them consistent with the DSM-5 (see below), and an independent category of bipolar II disorder has been introduced. A significant effort has been made by the WHO and the American Psychiatric Association to harmonize the diagnostic systems they produce (the ICD-11 and the DSM-5). Indeed, the organizational framework (\"metastructure\") is now the same in the two systems. Nonetheless, several intentional differences between the two classifications remain, or have emerged as a consequence of changes made in the DSM- 5. Here we briefly summarize the convergences and the divergences between the ICD-11 and the DSM-5 regarding the section on mood disorders (see Table 1). A major convergence between the two diagnostic systems regards the minimum number of symptoms required for the diagnosis of major depression (\"depressive episode\" in the ICD-11). In the ICD-11, contrary to the ICD-10, the threshold for the diagnosis of depression is the same as in the DSM: at least five depressive symptoms. However, the ICD-11 requires at least five symptoms out of a list of ten (instead of nine as in the DSM-5). The additional symptom is \"hopelessness\", which has been found to outperform more than half of DSM symptoms in differentiating depressed from non-depressed people (McGlinchey et al. 2006). Table 1. Some Main Differences Between ICD-10, ICD-11 and DSM-5 Concerning the Diagnosis Of Mood Disorders ICD-10 ICD-11 DSM-5 Threshold for diagnosis of depressive episode At least four out of ten symptoms, two of which must be depressed mood, loss of interest and enjoyment, or increased fatigability At least five out of ten symptoms, one of which must be depressed mood or diminished interest or pleasure At least five out of nine symptoms, one of which must be depressed mood or diminished interest or pleasure The threshold for the diagnosis of depression is higher if the person is bereaved Not made explicit Yes No Antidepressant-related mania qualifies as a manic episode No Yes Yes Mixed episode is a separate diagnostic entity Yes Yes No Dysthymia is a separate diagnostic entity Yes Yes No Bipolar II disorder is a separate diagnostic entity No Yes Yes \"Qualifiers\" (\"specifiers\") for the diagnoses of mood disorders are provided No Yes Yes CONVERGENCES AND DIVERGENCES IN THE ICD-11 VS. DSM-5 CLASSIFICATION OF MOOD DISORDERS 294 The ICD-11 is also following the DSM-5 in requiring the presence of increased activity or a subject","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"32 4","pages":"293-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39769915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gülcan Güleç, Didem Turgut Coşan, Fezan Mutlu Şahin, İbrahim Uğur Çaliş, Melis Danişman Sonkurt, Ferdi Köşger, Altan Eşsizoğlu
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the Neurexin 3 gene (NRXN3) polymorphisms in the rs 221473, rs 221497, rs1004212 and rs11624704 regions in relation to nicotine use disorder (NUD) in the Turkish population.
Method: Power analysis indicated that the NUD group and the control group of this study should each comprise 200 participants in the 18-65 year age range. The NUD group consisted of individuals without a psychiatric first axis disorder except for NUD, mental retardation, past head trauma or a neurological disorder, who had smoked minimally10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year. The control group included individuals without a serious chronic physical illness, a previous psychiatric disorder or mental retardation and who responded "no" to the question "have you ever smoked?" A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Fageström nicotine dependence scale (FNDS) for the NUD group were utilized. Venous blood samples of all participants were taken into tubes containing EDTA (ethylene daimine tetra acetic acid) for DNA extraction. Duplex fluorescence melting curve analysis was used for genotype detection and differentiation.
Results: The individuals carrying the AC allele and the AG allele at the rs11624704 and the rs1004212 regions respectively had a high risk of being addicted to cigarettes.
Conclusion: This is first study investigating the relationship of the NRXN3 gene and nicotine addiction in the Turkish population. It was observed that the risk of NUD in the Turkish population may be related to the Neurexin gene.
{"title":"Association of Nicotine Use Disorder with Neurexin 3 Gene Polymorphisms.","authors":"Gülcan Güleç, Didem Turgut Coşan, Fezan Mutlu Şahin, İbrahim Uğur Çaliş, Melis Danişman Sonkurt, Ferdi Köşger, Altan Eşsizoğlu","doi":"10.5080/u25686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u25686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aimed to investigate the Neurexin 3 gene (NRXN3) polymorphisms in the rs 221473, rs 221497, rs1004212 and rs11624704 regions in relation to nicotine use disorder (NUD) in the Turkish population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Power analysis indicated that the NUD group and the control group of this study should each comprise 200 participants in the 18-65 year age range. The NUD group consisted of individuals without a psychiatric first axis disorder except for NUD, mental retardation, past head trauma or a neurological disorder, who had smoked minimally10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year. The control group included individuals without a serious chronic physical illness, a previous psychiatric disorder or mental retardation and who responded \"no\" to the question \"have you ever smoked?\" A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Fageström nicotine dependence scale (FNDS) for the NUD group were utilized. Venous blood samples of all participants were taken into tubes containing EDTA (ethylene daimine tetra acetic acid) for DNA extraction. Duplex fluorescence melting curve analysis was used for genotype detection and differentiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The individuals carrying the AC allele and the AG allele at the rs11624704 and the rs1004212 regions respectively had a high risk of being addicted to cigarettes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is first study investigating the relationship of the NRXN3 gene and nicotine addiction in the Turkish population. It was observed that the risk of NUD in the Turkish population may be related to the Neurexin gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"32 3","pages":"160-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39855505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The aim of this study is to adapt Perceived Devaluation- Discrimination (PDD) scale for Turkish language and culture.
Method: Participants from clinical and community populations were included in the study. The community sample consisted of 145 healthy individuals from the general community and the clinical sample consisted of 85 individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of PDD were assessed in the general community and clinical samples. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, convergent and discriminant validity analyses were conducted.
Results: As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a two-factor structure for PDD emerged in both the general community and clinical samples. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the two-factor structure in both samples. These factors were named as Perceived Discrimination and Negative Evaluation and Perceived Acceptance and Non-negative Evaluation subscales. Cronbach's alpha values for PDD were 0.76 in the general community sample and 0.79 in the clinical sample. Alpha values of PDD subscales ranged between 0.72 and 0.77 in both samples. While convergent and discriminant validity tests provided partial support for construct validity of PDD in the general community sample, the convergent validity tests conducted with the clinical sample provided evidence for validity of PDD.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it has been demonstrated that the Turkish version of PDD is reliable and valid and can be used with community and clinical samples to measure perceived devaluation and discrimination.
{"title":"Turkish Adaptation Study of the Perceived Devaluation Discrimination Scale.","authors":"Kutay Saçak, Deniz Canel Çinarbaş","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to adapt Perceived Devaluation- Discrimination (PDD) scale for Turkish language and culture.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants from clinical and community populations were included in the study. The community sample consisted of 145 healthy individuals from the general community and the clinical sample consisted of 85 individuals with chronic psychiatric disorders. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of PDD were assessed in the general community and clinical samples. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis, convergent and discriminant validity analyses were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a two-factor structure for PDD emerged in both the general community and clinical samples. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the two-factor structure in both samples. These factors were named as Perceived Discrimination and Negative Evaluation and Perceived Acceptance and Non-negative Evaluation subscales. Cronbach's alpha values for PDD were 0.76 in the general community sample and 0.79 in the clinical sample. Alpha values of PDD subscales ranged between 0.72 and 0.77 in both samples. While convergent and discriminant validity tests provided partial support for construct validity of PDD in the general community sample, the convergent validity tests conducted with the clinical sample provided evidence for validity of PDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results of the present study, it has been demonstrated that the Turkish version of PDD is reliable and valid and can be used with community and clinical samples to measure perceived devaluation and discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"32 3","pages":"183-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39518931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a fast decay in the iconic memory of patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared to healthy individuals by taking into consideration the clinical OCD subtypes.
Method: The study included 74 patients diagnosed with OCD on the basis of the DSM 5 criteria and 63 healthy individuals. The OCD patients were grouped as washers, checkers, both washers and checkers, and non-washers and non-checkers. All participants took a partial report test (PRT) to compare iconic memory performance between the healthy control group and the OCD group as a whole and in OCD subgroups.
Results: Loss of iconic memory did not differ between OCD group and the controls. The iconic memory scores, expressed as the d' values, at specified time points correlated negatively with age and positively with education duration in all groups. When the subgroup data were analyzed by controlling for age, the d1'value showing formation of iconic information was lower in the washers subgroup in comparison to the checkers subgroup and the nonwashers and non-checkers subgroup. The d7' value was also lower in the washers subgroup than in the the non-washers and non-checkers subgroup and the healthy control group. The iconic decay rate of the washers subgroup between the time points d6' and d7' was significantly higher in comparison to the healthy control group. The scores of OCD patients on the washing subscale of the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) showed negative correlations with the iconic memory scores at all time points.
Conclusion: This study showed that washer OCD patients may have impaired iconic formation and fast iconic decay, which could significantly affect the amount of information transferred to visual memory.
{"title":"Iconic Memory in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.","authors":"Mehmet Mart, Selim Tümkaya","doi":"10.5080/u25590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u25590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a fast decay in the iconic memory of patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared to healthy individuals by taking into consideration the clinical OCD subtypes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 74 patients diagnosed with OCD on the basis of the DSM 5 criteria and 63 healthy individuals. The OCD patients were grouped as washers, checkers, both washers and checkers, and non-washers and non-checkers. All participants took a partial report test (PRT) to compare iconic memory performance between the healthy control group and the OCD group as a whole and in OCD subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Loss of iconic memory did not differ between OCD group and the controls. The iconic memory scores, expressed as the d' values, at specified time points correlated negatively with age and positively with education duration in all groups. When the subgroup data were analyzed by controlling for age, the d1'value showing formation of iconic information was lower in the washers subgroup in comparison to the checkers subgroup and the nonwashers and non-checkers subgroup. The d7' value was also lower in the washers subgroup than in the the non-washers and non-checkers subgroup and the healthy control group. The iconic decay rate of the washers subgroup between the time points d6' and d7' was significantly higher in comparison to the healthy control group. The scores of OCD patients on the washing subscale of the Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) showed negative correlations with the iconic memory scores at all time points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that washer OCD patients may have impaired iconic formation and fast iconic decay, which could significantly affect the amount of information transferred to visual memory.</p>","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"32 3","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39855506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the anxiety, depression, insomnia and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the assocaited sociodemographic, clinical and professional factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthhcare workers.
Method: A total of 509 participants joined an online survey to complete the data acquisition tools consisting of a Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder- Short Scale (PTSD-SS).
Results: The 509 participants of the study consisted of physicians (69.2%) and nurses (30.8%). On the basis of the scores above the cut-off points of the pscyhometric scales used, the mental symptoms of the participants were ranked as 54.2% on depression, 26.3% on anxiety, 20.8% on insomnia and 8.8% on PTSD. The corresponding scores of the 20-30 year old, the female and the nursing participants were significantly higher as compared to the others (p<0.001, for all). Significant differences were not found in these scores with respect to working or not working directly with COVID-19 patients, or having a family member with or without COVID-19 infection (p>0.05). Having a history of suspected COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with insomnia (p=0.026 and PTSD (p=0.008). Also, the anxiety and PTSD scores of the participants with a history of mental disorder diagnosis were significantly higher in comparison to the others (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results indicated that females, nurses, participants in the 20-30 year age group and with a history of mental disorder diagnosis were in the high risk group for impaired mental health, irrespective of their professional positions. Close monitoring and early intervention are essential for these high-risk individuals.
{"title":"The Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Mesut Işik, Umut Kirli, Pınar Güzel Özdemir","doi":"10.5080/u25827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u25827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the anxiety, depression, insomnia and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the assocaited sociodemographic, clinical and professional factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthhcare workers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 509 participants joined an online survey to complete the data acquisition tools consisting of a Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder- Short Scale (PTSD-SS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 509 participants of the study consisted of physicians (69.2%) and nurses (30.8%). On the basis of the scores above the cut-off points of the pscyhometric scales used, the mental symptoms of the participants were ranked as 54.2% on depression, 26.3% on anxiety, 20.8% on insomnia and 8.8% on PTSD. The corresponding scores of the 20-30 year old, the female and the nursing participants were significantly higher as compared to the others (p<0.001, for all). Significant differences were not found in these scores with respect to working or not working directly with COVID-19 patients, or having a family member with or without COVID-19 infection (p>0.05). Having a history of suspected COVID-19 infection was significantly associated with insomnia (p=0.026 and PTSD (p=0.008). Also, the anxiety and PTSD scores of the participants with a history of mental disorder diagnosis were significantly higher in comparison to the others (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated that females, nurses, participants in the 20-30 year age group and with a history of mental disorder diagnosis were in the high risk group for impaired mental health, irrespective of their professional positions. Close monitoring and early intervention are essential for these high-risk individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":47266,"journal":{"name":"Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi","volume":"32 4","pages":"225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39858607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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