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Cues of Collective Threat Increase Salience of Positive Ingroup Agency-Related Traits 集体威胁提示增加积极内团体代理相关特征的显著性
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000477
Wiktor Soral, M. Kofta
Abstract. Three studies investigated the influence of collective threat on the importance of agency- and communion-related traits used in ingroup perception. Study 1 ( N = 137) investigated how cues of such threat affect reaction times when individuals are asked to ascribe agentic or communal traits to their ingroup. Study 2 ( N = 96) and Study 3 ( N = 337) examined the role of social identification in response to a collective threat. The results suggest that cues of threat may lead to preferential processing of positive (but not negative) ingroup agency over ingroup communion, the effect particularly likely among highly identified individuals. Perceiving the ingroup as an agentic collective may thus act as a buffer that assists in managing threat-related emotions.
摘要三项研究调查了集体威胁对群体感知中代理和交际相关特征重要性的影响。研究1 (N = 137)调查了当个体被要求将代理或公共特征归因于其内部群体时,这种威胁的线索如何影响反应时间。研究2 (N = 96)和研究3 (N = 337)考察了社会认同在应对集体威胁中的作用。结果表明,威胁提示可能会导致对积极(但不是消极)的群体内代理的优先处理,而不是群体内交流,这种影响在高度认同的个体中尤其明显。因此,将内部群体视为一个能动的集体,可能会起到缓冲作用,帮助管理与威胁相关的情绪。
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引用次数: 0
The Factorial Structure of Stigma and Its Targets 柱头的析因结构及其靶标
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000479
Megan Oaten, R. Stevenson, S. Occhipinti, Caley Tapp, Trevor I. Case
Abstract. We aimed to determine (1) the attributes of multiple stigmatized populations, (2) whether Kurzban and Leary’s (2001) functional typology of stigma emerges and identifies the dimensions upon which each stigma type differs, and (3) the emotional responses toward emergent stigma types. Participants ( N = 2,674) were assigned to 1/52 stigma target conditions and their attitudes surveyed. Data were analyzed by multilevel factor analysis with stigma targets at Level 2. There were five within-factors at Level 1 (social competence, interpersonal access, social inclusion, immorality, perceived permanence) and three between-factors at Level 2 (interpersonal stigmatization, morality-based stigmatization, chronic stigmatization). Interpersonal stigmatization was predicted by disgust and pity, and morality-based stigmatization was predicted by disgust and [-]happiness, with no predictors for chronic stigmatization. These results support a functional typology of stigma.
摘要我们的目的是确定(1)多重污名化人群的属性,(2)Kurzban和Leary(2001)的污名化功能类型学是否出现,并确定每种污名化类型不同的维度,以及(3)对新出现的污名化类型的情绪反应。参与者(N = 2674)被分配到1/52耻辱目标条件和他们的态度调查。采用多水平因子分析方法对数据进行分析,其中污名指标为2级。第一层次有5个内因素(社会能力、人际接触、社会包容、不道德行为、感知持久性),第二层次有3个间因素(人际污名化、道德污名化、慢性污名化)。人际污名化可由厌恶和怜悯预测,基于道德的污名化可由厌恶和[-]快乐预测,而慢性污名化无预测因子。这些结果支持柱头的功能类型学。
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引用次数: 1
A Modifying Effect of Trait Empathy on Frustration-Related Attentional Processing of Aggression-Related Words 特质共情对攻击相关词汇挫折相关注意加工的调节作用
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000480
Wen He, Wenjun Jiang, Jiali Zhu, Yuepei Xu, Huanhuan Zhao
Abstract. This study describes two experiments conducted to investigate the modifying effect of trait empathy on attentional processing of emotionally laden (i.e., aggression-related) words in frustrating situations. A dot-probe task was used in the first experiment. The results showed that low-empathy individuals exhibited attentional bias toward aggressive words under both frustrating and nonfrustrating conditions. High-empathy individuals demonstrated attentional bias only under frustrating conditions. In the second experiment, the effect of frustration on high-empathy individuals’ aggression was reflected by N200, P300, and late positive potential amplitudes. It was discussed that these amplitudes might indicate that frustrating situations caused high-empathy individuals to show attentional bias toward aggressive words. Our findings suggested that high-empathy individuals were sensitive to emotionally laden (i.e., aggression-related) stimuli under frustrating conditions.
摘要。本研究通过两项实验,探讨共情特质对沮丧情境下情绪负荷词汇(即攻击性相关词汇)注意加工的调节作用。第一个实验采用点探测任务。结果表明,低同理心个体在沮丧和非沮丧条件下都表现出对攻击性词汇的注意偏向。高同理心的个体只在令人沮丧的情况下表现出注意偏见。在第二个实验中,挫折对高共情个体攻击行为的影响主要体现在N200、P300和后期正电位振幅上。这些振幅可能表明,令人沮丧的情况导致高同理心的个体对攻击性词汇表现出注意偏见。我们的研究结果表明,在令人沮丧的条件下,高同理心的个体对情绪负荷(即与攻击相关的)刺激敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Forbid/Allow Asymmetry in Persuasion 禁止/允许说服中的不对称
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000469
Paweł Koniak, W. Cwalina
Abstract. Previous research showed that responses to questions about forbidding something differed from those to the seemingly equivalent questions about allowing the same object (forbid/allow asymmetry). We postulate that the effect of the forbid vs. allow framing may be also consequential for the processing of attitude related information and attitude change. The forbid frame (compared with the allow frame) may increase the impact of negative (vs. positive) arguments and/or reduce the impact of initial attitudes on the elaboration the presented information. To test these predictions we conducted three experiments (one preregistered, total N = 655). Participants were reading both pro and con arguments, differing in consistency with their initial attitudes, and concerning three different attitude objects: genetically modified organisms (GMOs), euthanasia, and barbecuing in public places. The results show that the forbid (vs. allow) frame decreases the tendency for generating thoughts prevailingly consistent with participants,’ initial attitudes (Experiment 2). It also reduces bias in the evaluation and interpretation of the presented arguments and yields more similar assessments of arguments that are consistent and inconsistent with initial attitudes (Experiment 3). As a result, the attitudes are more susceptible to change within the forbid frame (they move more in the direction opposite to the initial attitude) than within the allow frame (Experiments 1-3). The results for the first time show the existence of forbid vs. allow asymmetry in persuasion. This effect has practical consequences, e.g., when designing referenda.
摘要先前的研究表明,人们对“禁止”问题的回答与对“允许”相同物体的问题(禁止/允许不对称)的回答不同。我们假设禁止和允许框架的作用也可能对态度相关信息的加工和态度变化产生影响。禁止框架(与允许框架相比)可能会增加消极(相对于积极)论点的影响和/或减少初始态度对所呈现信息的阐述的影响。为了验证这些预测,我们进行了三个实验(一个预登记,总N = 655)。参与者阅读了赞成和反对的观点,与他们最初的态度一致,并涉及三个不同的态度对象:转基因生物(gmo)、安乐死和公共场所烧烤。结果表明,禁止(vs.允许)框架减少了产生与参与者初始态度普遍一致的想法的倾向(实验2)。它还减少了对所呈现论点的评估和解释中的偏见,并产生了与初始态度一致或不一致的论点的更多类似评估(实验3)。在禁止框架内,态度比在允许框架内更容易发生变化(它们更倾向于向与初始态度相反的方向移动)(实验1-3)。研究结果首次揭示了说服中存在禁止与允许不对称。这种效果具有实际的影响,例如在设计公民投票时。
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引用次数: 0
Face Masks Impair Basic Emotion Recognition 面具损害基本情绪识别
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000470
Sarah D. McCrackin, Francesca Capozzi, Florence Mayrand, J. Ristic
Abstract. With the widespread adoption of masks, there is a need for understanding how facial obstruction affects emotion recognition. We asked 120 participants to identify emotions from faces with and without masks. We also examined if recognition performance was related to autistic traits and personality. Masks impacted recognition of expressions with diagnostic lower face features the most and those with diagnostic upper face features the least. Persons with higher autistic traits were worse at identifying unmasked expressions, while persons with lower extraversion and higher agreeableness were better at recognizing masked expressions. These results show that different features play different roles in emotion recognition and suggest that obscuring features affects social communication differently as a function of autistic traits and personality.
摘要随着口罩的广泛使用,有必要了解面部障碍如何影响情绪识别。我们要求120名参与者从戴面具和不戴面具的脸上识别情绪。我们还研究了识别表现是否与自闭症特征和人格有关。面具对具有诊断性下脸特征的表情的识别影响最大,而具有诊断性上脸特征的表情对识别影响最小。具有较高自闭症特征的人在识别非面具表情方面表现较差,而具有较低外向性和较高亲和性的人在识别面具表情方面表现较好。这些结果表明,不同的特征在情绪识别中起着不同的作用,并表明模糊特征作为自闭症特征和人格的功能对社会交际的影响不同。
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引用次数: 15
Investigating Variation in Replicability: A “Many Labs” Replication Project 研究可复制性的变异:一个“多实验室”复制项目
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/A000178
R. A. Klein, Kate A. Ratliff, M. Vianello, Reginald B. Adams, Š. Bahník, M. Bernstein, K. Bocian, M. Brandt, B. Brooks, C. Brumbaugh, Z. Cemalcilar, Jesse J. Chandler, Winnee Cheong, W. E. Davis, T. Devos, M. Eisner, Natalia Frankowska, D. Furrow, E. Galliani, F. Hasselman, Joshua A. Hicks, James F. Hovermale, S. J. Hunt, Jeffrey R. Huntsinger, H. Ijzerman, Melissa-Sue John, Jennifer A. Joy-Gaba, H. Kappes, Lacy E. Krueger, Jaime L. Kurtz, C. Levitan, Robyn K. Mallett, Wendy L. Morris, A. J. Nelson, J. Nier, Grant Packard, Ronaldo Pilati, Abraham M. Rutchick, Kathleen Schmidt, Jeanine L. M. Skorinko, Robert W. Smith, Troy G Steiner, Justin Storbeck, Lyn M. Van Swol, Donna M. Thompson, A. V. Veer, L. Vaughn, M. Vranka, A. Wichman, Julie A. Woodzicka, Brian A. Nosek
Although replication is a central tenet of science, direct replications are rare in psychology. This research tested variation in the replicability of thirteen classic and contemporary effects across 36 independent samples totaling 6,344 participants. In the aggregate, ten effects replicated consistently. One effect – imagined contact reducing prejudice – showed weak support for replicability. And two effects – flag priming influencing conservatism and currency priming influencing system justification – did not replicate. We compared whether the conditions such as lab versus online or U.S. versus international sample predicted effect magnitudes. By and large they did not. The results of this small sample of effects suggest that replicability is more dependent on the effect itself than on the sample and setting used to investigate the effect.
虽然复制是科学的核心原则,但在心理学中直接复制是罕见的。这项研究在36个独立样本中测试了13种经典和当代效应的可重复性变化,共有6344名参与者。总的来说,有10种效应是一致的。其中一个效应——想象中的接触会减少偏见——显示出对可复制性的微弱支持。两种效应——标志启动影响保守主义和货币启动影响制度正当性——没有复制。我们比较了实验室与在线或美国与国际样本等条件是否预测了影响程度。总的来说,他们没有。这种小样本效应的结果表明,可复制性更多地取决于效应本身,而不是用于调查效应的样本和环境。
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引用次数: 867
Exploring the relationship between loneliness and social cognition in older age 探讨老年人孤独感与社会认知的关系
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-11 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/ru3dm
H. Ferguson, Martina De Lillo, Andrew K. Martin
Understanding others is a key component of successful social interactions, and declines in social abilities during later life can lead to social isolation and loneliness. We investigated the relationship between different sub-components of social cognition and loneliness in a large sample of older adults. We tested perspective-taking and mentalizing skills, alongside self-reported loneliness and social functioning. Results revealed a significant effect of loneliness on older adults’ ability to resist egocentric interference when taking others’ perspectives. However, this effect was eliminated when age was added to models, which suggests that egocentric tendencies increase with age, and people experience increasing levels of loneliness and feelings of social isolation with increasing age. Mentalizing and interference from others’ perspectives were not influenced by loneliness or age.
理解他人是成功的社交互动的关键组成部分,晚年社交能力的下降会导致社交孤立和孤独。我们在一个大的老年人样本中调查了社会认知的不同子成分与孤独之间的关系。我们测试了换位思考和思维能力,以及自我报告的孤独感和社会功能。结果显示,孤独对老年人在站在他人的角度上抵抗自我中心干扰的能力有显著影响。然而,当模型中加入年龄时,这种影响就被消除了,这表明自我中心倾向随着年龄的增长而增加,人们随着年龄的增长而经历越来越多的孤独和社会孤立感。心理化和他人视角的干扰不受孤独和年龄的影响。
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引用次数: 1
When You Are Wrong on Facebook, Just Admit It 当你在Facebook上犯错时,就承认吧
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000473
Adam K. Fetterman, N. L. Muscanell, Dongjie Wu, K. Sassenberg
Abstract. Intellectually humble behavior, like admitting when you are wrong, leads to better impression formation. However, online social networks (OSNs) have changed the impression formation process. We investigated the impact of wrongness admission on impression formation during an OSN argument. In four experiments ( N = 679), participants witnessed a user engage in wrongness admission, refuse to admit, or not respond, in an argument on a Facebook wall. Participants reported their impressions of whether they would be willing to interact with the (non)admitting user. User reputation ratings and interaction intentions were higher in the admission (vs. nonadmission) condition. The latter effect was mediated by user reputation ratings. Wrongness admission appears to have a positive impact on impression formation on OSNs.
摘要理智上谦虚的行为,比如承认自己的错误,会给人留下更好的印象。然而,在线社交网络(osn)已经改变了印象的形成过程。我们调查了错误承认对印象形成的影响在一个OSN争论。在四个实验中(N = 679),参与者目睹了一个用户在Facebook上的一场争论中承认错误、拒绝承认错误或不回应错误。参与者报告了他们是否愿意与(非)允许的用户互动的印象。用户信誉评级和交互意图在允许(相对于不允许)条件下更高。后一种效应是由用户声誉评级介导的。错误承认似乎对osn的印象形成有积极的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Members of Transgressor Groups Prefer Reparations to Come From Third Parties 违法团体的成员更喜欢来自第三方的赔偿
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000472
M. Sekerdej, Roger Giner-Sorolla
Abstract. Interpersonal research has shown that guilt motivates perpetrators to compensate victims at the expense of a third party, indicating that the emotion’s goal involves reparative outcomes rather than self-mortification. However, this motivation has yet to be tested in an intergroup context. Based on findings about ingroup wrongdoing, compensation was expected to draw primarily on shame rather than guilt. Three experiments (total N = 617) showed that participants only allocated more to the victims versus their own group when compensation was assigned from a third party’s rather than their own group’s resources. There was also evidence that shame was felt, and related to compensating victims, more strongly than guilt, whether at the expense of the ingroup or the third party.
摘要人际关系研究表明,内疚促使犯罪者以牺牲第三方为代价来补偿受害者,这表明这种情绪的目标包括修复结果,而不是自我羞辱。然而,这种动机还有待在群体间环境中进行检验。根据对群体内不法行为的调查结果,预计赔偿主要是基于羞耻感,而不是负罪感。三个实验(总N = 617)表明,当补偿是由第三方而不是他们自己的资源分配时,参与者只会给受害者分配更多的钱。还有证据表明,无论是以内部团体还是第三方为代价,羞耻感和补偿受害者的关系都比内疚更强烈。
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引用次数: 0
Not Getting What You Want 没有得到你想要的
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000471
Martin H. Jones, Toby J. Cooke, J. Symonds
Abstract. As adolescents desire the benefits of having greater social status, some teenagers cannot acquire their desired level of popularity. The current study uses a single high school to examine how the discrepancy between popularity goals and actual popularity aligns with aggression and prosocial behaviors. The current study suggests that the discrepancy between popularity and popularity goals aligns with having more aggression and prosocial behaviors when adolescents are in less popular peer groups. Within one’s own peer group, adolescents with greater discrepancy between popularity and popularity goals utilize more aggression. The results provide additional insight toward understanding how pursuing popularity might align with using aggression and prosocial behaviors toward peers in school.
摘要由于青少年渴望拥有更高的社会地位,一些青少年无法获得他们想要的受欢迎程度。目前的研究使用了一所高中来研究受欢迎目标和实际受欢迎程度之间的差异是如何与攻击和亲社会行为相一致的。目前的研究表明,受欢迎程度和受欢迎目标之间的差异,与青少年在不太受欢迎的同龄人群体中出现更多的攻击和亲社会行为有关。在自己的同伴群体中,受欢迎程度和受欢迎程度目标差异较大的青少年使用更多的攻击行为。研究结果为理解追求受欢迎与在学校对同龄人使用攻击性和亲社会行为之间的关系提供了额外的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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Social Psychology
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