Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000549
N. Iannone, Megan K. McCarty, Dani Parsons, Janice R. Kelly
Abstract: Three studies examined whether people feel better when self-excluding from group conversations about negative, rather than positive, information and whether people feel worse when included in group conversations about negative, rather than positive, information. Participants ( N = 665) completed a retrospective recall (Study 1) and imagined scenarios (Studies 2 and 3). Participants generally reported feeling worse when they were included in groups discussing negative, rather than positive, information. They also reported feeling better when they self-excluded from groups discussing negative, rather than positive, information, particularly negative gossip. Negative gossip also led participants to have a high desire to self-exclude from the group, and this was mediated by mood. These findings suggest there are certain circumstances where people prefer to self-exclude from groups.
{"title":"Take Me Out of the Loop","authors":"N. Iannone, Megan K. McCarty, Dani Parsons, Janice R. Kelly","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000549","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Three studies examined whether people feel better when self-excluding from group conversations about negative, rather than positive, information and whether people feel worse when included in group conversations about negative, rather than positive, information. Participants ( N = 665) completed a retrospective recall (Study 1) and imagined scenarios (Studies 2 and 3). Participants generally reported feeling worse when they were included in groups discussing negative, rather than positive, information. They also reported feeling better when they self-excluded from groups discussing negative, rather than positive, information, particularly negative gossip. Negative gossip also led participants to have a high desire to self-exclude from the group, and this was mediated by mood. These findings suggest there are certain circumstances where people prefer to self-exclude from groups.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000548
Andreas Glöckner, Mario Gollwitzer, Lena Hahn, Jens Lange, K. Sassenberg, Christian Unkelbach
Abstract: In 2020, the Division of Social Psychology of the German Psychological Society (DGPs) published 11 methodological recommendations for improving the quality, replicability, and transparency of social psychological research. We evaluate these recommendations in a quantitative and qualitative survey conducted with members of the division ( N = 54). Most – but not all – recommendations are well-known and understood by these members of the division. For 73% of the recommendations, researchers indicated that they tend to apply them in their research. Perceived behavioral control was the strongest predictor of adherence and was generally high (82%). In the open comments, challenges and suggestions for improvement were expressed. Overall, the implementation of the recommendations progresses and respective norms emerge, but substantial challenges remain to be solved requiring collective efforts.
{"title":"Quality, Replicability, and Transparency in Research in Social Psychology","authors":"Andreas Glöckner, Mario Gollwitzer, Lena Hahn, Jens Lange, K. Sassenberg, Christian Unkelbach","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000548","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In 2020, the Division of Social Psychology of the German Psychological Society (DGPs) published 11 methodological recommendations for improving the quality, replicability, and transparency of social psychological research. We evaluate these recommendations in a quantitative and qualitative survey conducted with members of the division ( N = 54). Most – but not all – recommendations are well-known and understood by these members of the division. For 73% of the recommendations, researchers indicated that they tend to apply them in their research. Perceived behavioral control was the strongest predictor of adherence and was generally high (82%). In the open comments, challenges and suggestions for improvement were expressed. Overall, the implementation of the recommendations progresses and respective norms emerge, but substantial challenges remain to be solved requiring collective efforts.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141709667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000542
Robert Tobias, L. K. Frisch, Simone Sebben, Johannes Ullrich
Abstract: We test a general theory of norm changes based on evidence that people will punish less hygienic others more strongly than more hygienic others. The theory concludes that such asymmetric punishment would result in hygiene norms becoming ever stricter. We argue that, because complaints about one’s behavior might lead to protest, norms might not always change because of such complaints. We conducted an online experiment ( N = 1,023 Swiss adults) using handwashing as the target behavior. We replicated the asymmetry in punishment intensities and found that the intensity of protests against complaints about one’s too unhygienic behavior approached the intensity of these complaints. We conclude that, while asymmetric punishment may drive norm change, protests may lead to norm stability.
{"title":"Can Asymmetric Punishment Explain Norm Changes?","authors":"Robert Tobias, L. K. Frisch, Simone Sebben, Johannes Ullrich","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000542","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: We test a general theory of norm changes based on evidence that people will punish less hygienic others more strongly than more hygienic others. The theory concludes that such asymmetric punishment would result in hygiene norms becoming ever stricter. We argue that, because complaints about one’s behavior might lead to protest, norms might not always change because of such complaints. We conducted an online experiment ( N = 1,023 Swiss adults) using handwashing as the target behavior. We replicated the asymmetry in punishment intensities and found that the intensity of protests against complaints about one’s too unhygienic behavior approached the intensity of these complaints. We conclude that, while asymmetric punishment may drive norm change, protests may lead to norm stability.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000541
Dora Šimunović, Lusine Grigoryan, Klaus Boehnke, Damir Šimunović
Abstract: In this work, we investigate how parochial concerns for common resources, such as tax-funded goods, relate to prejudice against immigrants. Previous experimental work showed majority groups assume minorities will exploit common resources without contributing toward their maintenance. We relate predictions about, and support for, various types of common resources to prejudice against immigrants in two correlational studies. Prejudice against immigrants was negatively associated with support for universal, but positively with security-related resources. Participants' prediction that minority groups would contribute less to the management of communally shared resources was reflected in the degree of negative attitudes they expressed against immigrants in particular. We discuss these results in view of political narratives about immigrants and common resource management policies.
{"title":"Us and Ours","authors":"Dora Šimunović, Lusine Grigoryan, Klaus Boehnke, Damir Šimunović","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000541","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In this work, we investigate how parochial concerns for common resources, such as tax-funded goods, relate to prejudice against immigrants. Previous experimental work showed majority groups assume minorities will exploit common resources without contributing toward their maintenance. We relate predictions about, and support for, various types of common resources to prejudice against immigrants in two correlational studies. Prejudice against immigrants was negatively associated with support for universal, but positively with security-related resources. Participants' prediction that minority groups would contribute less to the management of communally shared resources was reflected in the degree of negative attitudes they expressed against immigrants in particular. We discuss these results in view of political narratives about immigrants and common resource management policies.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000534
C. E. Seta, J. J. Seta
Abstract: Does working hard take the sting out of regret following failure or does working hard increase feelings of regret? The present research finds that neither of these views is correct. Rather, the results of both experiments found that regret was an interactive function of instrumental effort and goal value. In support of the consistency-fit model, large versus small amounts of effort produced more regret on a low-valued task, whereas small amounts of effort produced more regret on a high-valued task. Furthermore, supporting the consistency-fit model, receiving an undesirable outcome did not always produce more regret on the high- than low-valued task. We discussed several perspectives including attribution, achievement motivation, and cognitive dissonance.
{"title":"Working Too Hard or Not Hard Enough?","authors":"C. E. Seta, J. J. Seta","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000534","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Does working hard take the sting out of regret following failure or does working hard increase feelings of regret? The present research finds that neither of these views is correct. Rather, the results of both experiments found that regret was an interactive function of instrumental effort and goal value. In support of the consistency-fit model, large versus small amounts of effort produced more regret on a low-valued task, whereas small amounts of effort produced more regret on a high-valued task. Furthermore, supporting the consistency-fit model, receiving an undesirable outcome did not always produce more regret on the high- than low-valued task. We discussed several perspectives including attribution, achievement motivation, and cognitive dissonance.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000540
Danielle Letourneau, Bertram Gawronski
Abstract: Research by Wegner et al. (1981) suggests that incriminating innuendo in questions can negatively affect attitudes and opinions. Two preregistered studies ( N = 506) provide a close replication of Study 1 of Wegner et al., additionally testing whether question-innuendo effects are moderated by partisanship. Replicating the original findings of Wegner et al., questions insinuating something negative about a target person reduced favorable impressions of the target. Counter to the novel hypotheses that effects of incriminating questions would be reduced for political-ingroup targets and enhanced for political-outgroup targets, question-innuendo effects did not differ across target groups. The findings suggest that merely asking a question about a false proposition can influence public opinion in the absence of incorrect assertions that could be deemed misinformation.
{"title":"Incrimination Through Innuendo","authors":"Danielle Letourneau, Bertram Gawronski","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000540","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Research by Wegner et al. (1981) suggests that incriminating innuendo in questions can negatively affect attitudes and opinions. Two preregistered studies ( N = 506) provide a close replication of Study 1 of Wegner et al., additionally testing whether question-innuendo effects are moderated by partisanship. Replicating the original findings of Wegner et al., questions insinuating something negative about a target person reduced favorable impressions of the target. Counter to the novel hypotheses that effects of incriminating questions would be reduced for political-ingroup targets and enhanced for political-outgroup targets, question-innuendo effects did not differ across target groups. The findings suggest that merely asking a question about a false proposition can influence public opinion in the absence of incorrect assertions that could be deemed misinformation.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000537
Zoé Szczepaniak, Aurore Gaboriaud, J. Quinton, A. Smeding
Abstract: In morality, social distance should influence judgments and decisions. Singer et al.’s (2019) Everyday Moral Conflict Situations scale was created to assess altruistic versus egoistic choices in everyday moral contexts depending on social distance manipulated at the item level. Via a reanalysis of their data, we found an unreported interaction effect between social distance and gender on behavioral choices. We conducted a conceptual replication (Part 1) and extended previous research by empirically assessing the link between altruism and morality (Part 2). This pre-registered study ( N = 299) confirmed the gender-by-social distance interaction, with a stronger social distance effect for males and for egoistic behaviors. Furthermore, behavioral choices were linked to moral judgments of wrongness. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
{"title":"The Effects of Social Distance and Gender on Moral Decisions and Judgments","authors":"Zoé Szczepaniak, Aurore Gaboriaud, J. Quinton, A. Smeding","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000537","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In morality, social distance should influence judgments and decisions. Singer et al.’s (2019) Everyday Moral Conflict Situations scale was created to assess altruistic versus egoistic choices in everyday moral contexts depending on social distance manipulated at the item level. Via a reanalysis of their data, we found an unreported interaction effect between social distance and gender on behavioral choices. We conducted a conceptual replication (Part 1) and extended previous research by empirically assessing the link between altruism and morality (Part 2). This pre-registered study ( N = 299) confirmed the gender-by-social distance interaction, with a stronger social distance effect for males and for egoistic behaviors. Furthermore, behavioral choices were linked to moral judgments of wrongness. Limitations and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000538
Ruben Van Severen, Arne Roets, Delphine Van Muylem, T. Haesevoets, Alain Van Hiel, Bram Wauters
Abstract: Prior studies have linked societal threats to a surge in conservative attitudes. We conducted three studies ( N = 1,021) to investigate whether hypothetical threat situations impact peoples’ attitudes toward democracy or alternative systems. Study 1 shows that individuals under threat devaluate representative and participatory government types and show relatively stronger endorsement of less democratic alternatives. Study 2 clarifies that extranational threats elicit a greater shift toward nondemocratic ‘solutions’ than intranational threats and that citizens generally find a just process less important in times of crisis. Study 3 shows that the effect of threat on support for technocracy can be explained by heightened anticipated anxiety. We find no evidence that anticipated emotions consistently account for the observed shifts in government preferences under threat.
{"title":"Democratic and Authoritarian Government Preferences in Times of Crisis","authors":"Ruben Van Severen, Arne Roets, Delphine Van Muylem, T. Haesevoets, Alain Van Hiel, Bram Wauters","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000538","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Prior studies have linked societal threats to a surge in conservative attitudes. We conducted three studies ( N = 1,021) to investigate whether hypothetical threat situations impact peoples’ attitudes toward democracy or alternative systems. Study 1 shows that individuals under threat devaluate representative and participatory government types and show relatively stronger endorsement of less democratic alternatives. Study 2 clarifies that extranational threats elicit a greater shift toward nondemocratic ‘solutions’ than intranational threats and that citizens generally find a just process less important in times of crisis. Study 3 shows that the effect of threat on support for technocracy can be explained by heightened anticipated anxiety. We find no evidence that anticipated emotions consistently account for the observed shifts in government preferences under threat.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000536
Daniela Renger, Julian F. Lohmann, Sophus Renger, S. Martiny
Abstract: Past research has shown that the socioeconomic status (e.g., income or education) is associated with people’s self-evaluation, such as global self-esteem. In the present research, we argue that socioeconomic status also affects people’s belief of possessing the same rights as others (i.e., self-respect). In a cross-sectional study ( N = 298) and a longitudinal study ( N = 379), we investigated the relationships between income and education with three forms of self-regard. The only consistent finding was that income was related to self-respect over time even when controlling for self-love and self-competence, the core and well-studied components of global self-esteem. We discuss the significance of our findings with regard to social justice and democracy.
{"title":"Socioeconomic Status and Self-Regard","authors":"Daniela Renger, Julian F. Lohmann, Sophus Renger, S. Martiny","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000536","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Past research has shown that the socioeconomic status (e.g., income or education) is associated with people’s self-evaluation, such as global self-esteem. In the present research, we argue that socioeconomic status also affects people’s belief of possessing the same rights as others (i.e., self-respect). In a cross-sectional study ( N = 298) and a longitudinal study ( N = 379), we investigated the relationships between income and education with three forms of self-regard. The only consistent finding was that income was related to self-respect over time even when controlling for self-love and self-competence, the core and well-studied components of global self-esteem. We discuss the significance of our findings with regard to social justice and democracy.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000530
Tommy Gärling, André Hansla
Abstract: Do owned objects become more valued if lost and found? In Experiment 1, Prolific participants ( n = 128) imagined having lost a laptop. The results showed a preference for finding the laptop instead of replacing it with a new at no cost. The preference was even stronger if the laptop had been used longer (2 months instead of 2 days) and was certain to be found without any cost. Experiment 2 recruited additional Prolific participants to investigate the role of positive affect evoked by finding or expecting to find a lost object. In a Lost condition ( n = 50), participants imagined having lost an expensive pair of gloves which later was found. Compared to a No Loss condition ( n = 50), preference to keep the gloves was higher. Increased value and positive affect partially mediated this preference.
{"title":"Beyond the Mere Ownership and Endowment Effects","authors":"Tommy Gärling, André Hansla","doi":"10.1027/1864-9335/a000530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000530","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Do owned objects become more valued if lost and found? In Experiment 1, Prolific participants ( n = 128) imagined having lost a laptop. The results showed a preference for finding the laptop instead of replacing it with a new at no cost. The preference was even stronger if the laptop had been used longer (2 months instead of 2 days) and was certain to be found without any cost. Experiment 2 recruited additional Prolific participants to investigate the role of positive affect evoked by finding or expecting to find a lost object. In a Lost condition ( n = 50), participants imagined having lost an expensive pair of gloves which later was found. Compared to a No Loss condition ( n = 50), preference to keep the gloves was higher. Increased value and positive affect partially mediated this preference.","PeriodicalId":47278,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135113269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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