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Mothers’ Motivation for Group-Based Empathy in Their Children as a Function of Type and Extent of Group Identification 母亲群体共情动机与群体认同类型和程度的关系
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000523
Noa Boker Segal, Shira Ran, Danfei Hu, E. Halperin, Maya Tamir, Michal Reifen-Tagar
Abstract. Parents vary in the extent to which they want their children to feel empathy toward different groups. In the current investigation, we tested whether Jewish–Israeli mothers’ motivation to have their children feel group-based empathy toward members of their ingroup (Jews) and outgroup (Arabs) differed as a function of the types of group identification mothers experience with their own group – namely attachment to and glorification of Israel. We found that the more mothers identified with Israel, both in terms of attachment and glorification, the more they wanted their child to feel empathy toward ingroup members. However, only to the extent that mothers glorified their group, did they want their child to feel less empathy toward outgroup members. Our findings point to potential importance of considering mothers' group identity as related to the transmission of intergroup empathy and the perpetuation of intergroup conflict across generations.
摘要父母希望孩子对不同群体感同身受的程度各不相同。在当前的调查中,我们测试了犹太-以色列母亲让孩子对其内群体(犹太人)和外群体(阿拉伯人)成员产生群体同理心的动机是否会随着母亲对自己群体的群体认同类型(即对以色列的依恋和荣耀)的不同而有所不同。我们发现,在依恋和赞美方面,母亲越认同以色列,她们就越希望自己的孩子对群体成员有同理心。然而,只有当母亲们在一定程度上赞美自己的群体时,她们才会希望自己的孩子对群体外的成员少一点同理心。我们的研究结果指出,考虑到母亲的群体认同与群体间移情的传递和跨代群体间冲突的延续有关,可能具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
More Than Meets the ERN 比满足ERN还要多
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000520
Zachary W. Petzel, B. Casad
Abstract: Women may suppress behavior and emotions during sexism, impairing subsequent self-control. However, suppression likely depends on social reprisal versus benefit of confronting (i.e., social cost). Experiment 1 ( N = 56) found behavioral self-control (i.e., Stroop task performance) was unaffected by sexism. Yet, sexism led to exaggerated amplitudes of the error-related negativity (ERN). Experiment 2 ( N = 114) examined the role of confrontation in response to sexism, with women instructed to suppress confrontation during a sexist interaction exhibiting longer reaction times and lower ERN amplitudes. Conversely, women encouraged to confront sexism exhibited heightened ERN amplitudes, as found in Experiment 1, which were mediated by negative affect. The findings suggest sexism reduces women’s self-control, but only within environments that may suppress confrontation.
摘要:女性在遭受性别歧视时可能会抑制行为和情绪,从而削弱随后的自我控制能力。然而,镇压可能取决于社会报复与对抗的利益(即社会成本)。实验1 (N = 56)发现行为自我控制(即Stroop任务绩效)不受性别歧视的影响。然而,性别歧视导致了错误相关负性(ERN)的放大幅度。实验2 (N = 114)考察了对抗在性别歧视反应中的作用,女性在性别歧视互动中被要求抑制对抗,表现出较长的反应时间和较低的ERN振幅。相反,在实验1中发现,被鼓励面对性别歧视的女性表现出更高的ERN振幅,这是由负面情绪介导的。研究结果表明,性别歧视会降低女性的自制力,但只在可能抑制对抗的环境中。
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引用次数: 0
The Limits of Antiatheist Prejudice 反无神论偏见的极限
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000516
Aleksandra Rabinovitch, K. Cantarero, K. Szocik
Abstract: People tend to perceive atheists as being immoral. We tested whether this perception also applies to moral transgressions against animals. Study 1 ( N = 288) and Study 2 ( N = 306, pre-registered) utilized a conjunction fallacy paradigm to show that people attributed harming animals most frequently to criminals, then to God-believers, and least often to nonbelievers. Study 3 ( N = 248, pre-registered) used a job-choice paradigm and found that people choose a God-believer over an atheist for a job involving animal harm because the God-believer was supposed to hold a more hierarchical view of the relationship between humans and animals than the atheist. Consequently, we discuss the limits of antiatheist prejudice in the domain of human–animal interactions.
摘要:人们往往认为无神论者不道德。我们测试了这种看法是否也适用于对动物的道德违背。研究1 (N = 288)和研究2 (N = 306,预登记)使用了一个连接谬误范式,表明人们最常将伤害动物归咎于罪犯,其次是上帝信徒,而不常归咎于非信徒。研究3 (N = 248,预先登记)使用了一个工作选择范例,发现人们在涉及动物伤害的工作中选择信神的人而不是无神论者,因为信神的人比无神论者对人与动物之间的关系持有更分层的观点。因此,我们讨论了反无神论偏见在人与动物相互作用领域的局限性。
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引用次数: 0
The Good Old Days and the Scary Future Ones 美好的过去和可怕的未来
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000514
O. Ionescu, J. Collange, J. Tavani
Abstract: Building on the social psychology literature on collective memory, we tested if national nostalgia fosters collective angst through greater perceived societal anomie among French participants. Consistent with our predictions, a correlational study ( N = 535) and an experimental study ( N = 370) showed that nostalgia for France’s past predicted greater angst regarding its future through increased perceptions that present French society is more anomic than before. These findings suggest that (1) our representations of the national past shapes how we perceive present and future society and (2) national nostalgia, besides acting as a coping mechanism against existential threats as suggested in previous work, might also feed these threats by fostering perceptions of an anomic present and a frightening future.
摘要:基于关于集体记忆的社会心理学文献,我们测试了民族怀旧是否通过在法国参与者中更大的感知社会失范来促进集体焦虑。与我们的预测一致,一项相关研究(N = 535)和一项实验研究(N = 370)表明,对法国过去的怀念预示着对未来的更大焦虑,因为人们越来越多地认为,现在的法国社会比以前更加混乱。这些发现表明:(1)我们对国家过去的表征塑造了我们对现在和未来社会的看法;(2)民族怀旧除了作为一种应对存在主义威胁的机制,正如之前的研究所表明的那样,还可能通过培养对反常的现在和可怕的未来的感知来助长这些威胁。
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引用次数: 1
Correction to Windmann et al. (2021) 对Windmann et al.(2021)的修正
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000519
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引用次数: 0
Political Differences in Knowledge and Its Connection With Vaccination During COVID-19 COVID-19期间知识的政治差异及其与疫苗接种的关系
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000517
Ethan Zell, Sydney M. Rivera, Christopher A. Stockus
Abstract: Conservatives in the United States have more negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and are less likely to be vaccinated than liberals. The present research tests whether political differences in knowledge underlie differences in vaccination. Participants in Study 1 completed a knowledge test about COVID-19 vaccines and indicated whether they had received a COVID-19 vaccine. Republicans had worse knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines than Democrats. Furthermore, political differences in vaccination were significantly mediated by knowledge. Study 2 found that exposure to facts about COVID-19 vaccines led to more favorable perceptions of vaccine effectiveness among Republicans, which in turn was associated with stronger vaccination intentions. These data suggest that knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines may help to explain political differences in vaccination.
摘要:美国保守派对COVID-19疫苗的态度更为消极,并且比自由派更不可能接种疫苗。目前的研究测试了知识上的政治差异是否构成疫苗接种差异的基础。研究1的参与者完成了一项关于COVID-19疫苗的知识测试,并表明他们是否接种了COVID-19疫苗。共和党人对COVID-19疫苗的了解比民主党人更差。此外,疫苗接种的政治差异在很大程度上受到知识的调节。研究2发现,接触有关COVID-19疫苗的事实导致共和党人对疫苗有效性有更有利的看法,这反过来又与更强的疫苗接种意图有关。这些数据表明,对COVID-19疫苗的了解可能有助于解释疫苗接种的政治差异。
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引用次数: 0
Thinking About Distant Future Self Leads to Better Current Task Performance Through Higher Future Self-Appraisals 通过对未来的自我评价,思考遥远未来的自己会使当前的任务表现更好
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000518
Beata Bajcar, K. Lachowicz-Tabaczek, Michał J. Białek
Abstract: People tend to appraise their distant future self better than their near future self ( future self-enhancement effect). An open question is whether this tendency has implications for current performance. In two sets of experiments ( N = 554), after envisioning their near or distant future, participants made future self-appraisals and performed an anagram task. We observed that future self-enhancement effect leads to better task performance, regardless of whether the future self was appraised in an absolute (Experiment 1a) or comparative (Experiment 1b) way. Experiment 2a additionally revealed that future self-enhancement effect might facilitate better task performance through increased current self-evaluations. In each study, future self-enhancement effect suppressed the negative, direct impact of envisioning one’s distant (vs. near) future on task performance.
摘要:人们对未来自我的评价高于对近期自我的评价(未来自我增强效应)。一个悬而未决的问题是,这种趋势是否会影响当前的表现。在两组实验中(N = 554),参与者在设想了他们近期或遥远的未来后,进行了未来的自我评估,并执行了一个字谜任务。我们发现,无论未来自我评价是绝对评价(实验1a)还是比较评价(实验1b),未来自我增强效应都会导致任务绩效的提高。实验2a还揭示了未来自我增强效应可能通过提高当前自我评价来促进任务绩效的提高。在每项研究中,未来自我增强效应都抑制了展望遥远(或近期)未来对任务表现的直接负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Situational Cues in Thoughts About the Future 思考未来的情景线索
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000511
Ingar Mikkola Kristiansen, T. Martiny-Huenger, E. Parks‐Stamm
Abstract: Based on stimulus–response learning accounts, we argue that including situational cues in thought about intended actions is an important aspect of self-regulation success in general and in successfully implementing delayed intentions. Accordingly, in Study 1 ( N = 328), we replicate a previous study and show a positive relationship between the self-reported inclusion of situational cues in thoughts about intended actions and beliefs of self-regulation success. In Study 2 ( N = 136), we find a similar tendency when measuring self-regulation success with an assigned task to be completed within one week. Our results fit with if-then planning perspectives on how to facilitate novel behavior and recent perspectives that attribute self-regulation success to beneficial habits.
摘要:基于刺激-反应学习理论,我们认为在预期行为的思考中包含情境线索是自我调节成功的一个重要方面,也是成功实施延迟意图的一个重要方面。因此,在研究1 (N = 328)中,我们重复了先前的研究,并显示了自我报告的关于预期行为的想法中包含情境线索与自我调节成功信念之间的正相关关系。在研究2 (N = 136)中,我们发现,当以一周内完成的指定任务来衡量自我调节成功时,也有类似的趋势。我们的研究结果符合“如果-然后计划”的观点,即如何促进新行为,以及最近将自我调节成功归因于有益习惯的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Power, Self-Esteem, and Body Image 权力、自尊和身体形象
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000510
R. Körner, A. Schütz
Abstract: We expected power – the perceived capacity to influence others – to be an antecedent of positive body image because power is closely linked to self-esteem, which in turn is linked to body image. In a cross-sectional study ( N = 318), sense of power was positively related to body appreciation and satisfaction with one’s appearance. Self-esteem partially mediated this effect. In an experimental study ( N = 114), participants assigned to a high-power group indicated more body appreciation, reported more body satisfaction, and estimated themselves to be taller than participants assigned to a low-power group. Self-esteem mediated all the effects. Altogether, power affected body image directly but also indirectly through elevated self-esteem. Implications refer to clinical prevention and intervention programs.
摘要:我们期望权力——影响他人的感知能力——是积极身体形象的先决条件,因为权力与自尊密切相关,而自尊又与身体形象相关。在横断面研究中(N = 318),权力感与身体欣赏和对自己外表的满意度正相关。自尊在一定程度上起到了中介作用。在一项实验研究中(N = 114),与被分配到低权力组的参与者相比,被分配到高权力组的参与者表现出更多的身体欣赏,报告了更多的身体满意度,并估计自己更高。自尊调节了所有的影响。总之,权力会直接影响身体形象,也会通过提升自尊间接影响身体形象。影响涉及临床预防和干预方案。
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引用次数: 2
Populist Attitudes Predict Compliance-Related Attitudes and Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic Via Trust in Institutions 民粹主义态度通过对机构的信任预测COVID-19大流行期间与合规相关的态度和行为
IF 1.8 4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000500
F. Ehrke, G. Grommisch, Emma Penelope Busch, M. Kaczmarek
Abstract. While previous research discussed populism as a phenomenon of declining trust, we investigated the predictive value of populist attitudes for citizens’ trust, attitudes, and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, we tested the role of trust in several institutions simultaneously. As preregistered, the cross-sectional ( N = 1,090) and longitudinal ( n = 216) data collected (April to June, 2020) in Germany ( n = 617) and Poland ( n = 473) showed that stronger populist attitudes predicted higher trust in (a) alternative news media but less trust in (b) mainstream news media, (c) political institutions, and (d) scientific institutions. Moreover, we found negative effects of populist attitudes on acceptance and compliance, mediated via trust in political and scientific institutions (but not news media).
摘要虽然之前的研究将民粹主义视为信任下降的现象,但我们调查了民粹主义态度对2019冠状病毒病大流行期间公民信任、态度和行为的预测价值。此外,我们同时测试了信任在几个机构中的作用。预登记后,在德国(N = 617)和波兰(N = 473)收集的横断面(N = 1090)和纵向(N = 216)数据(2020年4月至6月)显示,民粹主义态度越强,对(a)另类新闻媒体的信任度越高,对(b)主流新闻媒体、(c)政治机构和(d)科学机构的信任度越低。此外,我们发现民粹主义态度对接受和服从的负面影响,通过对政治和科学机构(但不是新闻媒体)的信任来中介。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Social Psychology
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