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Parables of resilience: Promising pessimism, Octavia Butler's ‘purpose’, and the making of worlds 韧性的寓言:充满希望的悲观主义,奥克塔维亚·巴特勒的“目的”,以及世界的创造
3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231202134
Alix Olson
Resilience is the trailblazing saviour of contemporary social and political life. Politicians, scientists, self-help experts, public school administrators, military officials, and psychologists increasingly tout resilience-building as the only rational solution to a twenty-first-century world of unprecedented uncertainty. The underlying (pessimistic) promise of resilience is that people, and by extension global systems, can not only survive but flourish through crisis. In order to underscore the material, ideological and political danger that this logic poses, I examine NASA/SpaceX's plans for interplanetary colonisation – a project explicitly intended to promote a resilient human species – as promising pessimism's devastating finale. Despite this dire trajectory, I conclude by considering the cost for left feminist thinkers and activists of reducing the concept of resilience to a neoliberal technology of power. To this end, I contend that Octavia Butler's prophetic diptych Parable of the Sower (1993) and Parable of the Talents (1998) counters the colonising project of promising pessimism and recovers a liberatory account of resilience: one which refuses to exchange utopian surety for acquiescence to power, but which recuperates the present as a practice ground for transformation. Ultimately, this article insists that to engage in political struggle over how to govern ourselves and our world, in a shared context of escalating crises, requires sustained critical investment in the ethical and political implications of valorising certain kinds of resilient life.
适应力是当代社会和政治生活的开创性救星。政治家、科学家、自助专家、公立学校管理者、军事官员和心理学家越来越多地将恢复力建设作为应对21世纪前所未有的不确定性的唯一理性解决方案。韧性的潜在(悲观的)承诺是,人类,乃至全球体系,不仅能够在危机中生存下来,而且能够蓬勃发展。为了强调这种逻辑带来的物质、意识形态和政治危险,我研究了NASA/SpaceX的星际殖民计划——一个明确旨在促进人类物种恢复的项目——作为悲观主义的毁灭性结局。尽管有这种可怕的轨迹,我还是考虑了左翼女权主义思想家和活动家将弹性概念降低到新自由主义权力技术的成本。为此,我认为奥克塔维亚·巴特勒预言性的双联画《撒种者的寓言》(1993)和《天才的寓言》(1998)对抗了充满希望的悲观主义的殖民计划,并恢复了对弹性的解放描述:它拒绝以乌托邦式的保证换取对权力的默认,但它将现在恢复为转型的实践基地。最后,本文坚持认为,在危机不断升级的共同背景下,参与关于如何治理我们自己和我们的世界的政治斗争,需要在伦理和政治含义上进行持续的关键投资,以使某些类型的弹性生命增值。
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引用次数: 0
Are we all influencers now? Feminist activists discuss the distinction between being an activist and an influencer 我们现在都是有影响力的人吗?女权主义活动家讨论了活动家和影响者之间的区别
3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231201062
Christina Scharff
Drawing on thirty qualitative in-depth interviews with a diverse group of feminist activists who are mainly active online, this article analyses how research participants construct and portray ‘activists’ and ‘influencers’. One theme that emerged from the data is the commercial orientation of influencers, the monetisation of their activities online and how this differs from activist pursuits. Activism, by contrast, was constructed as focused on making social change, and not driven by commercial interests. This article argues that the research participants’ discussion of the differences between ‘influencer’ and ‘activist’, and the attribution of monetisation to influencers, underplays the ways in which market logics help to structure contemporary forms of activism that take place in the digital economy. Second, the article places the investment in forms of activism that are uncompromised by commercial pursuits in the wider context of feminised and exclusionary cultures of perfection. Lastly, the article reflects on common constructions of influencing as a feminised as well as trivial pursuit and cautions against accounts that uncritically present influencing as trivial in contrast to activism, which is considered more serious.
通过对主要活跃在网络上的不同女权主义活动家群体进行30次定性深入访谈,本文分析了研究参与者如何构建和描绘“活动家”和“影响者”。从这些数据中得出的一个主题是网红的商业取向,他们的在线活动的货币化,以及这与活动家的追求有何不同。相比之下,行动主义被构建为专注于推动社会变革,而不是由商业利益驱动。本文认为,研究参与者对“影响者”和“活动家”之间差异的讨论,以及对影响者的货币化归属,低估了市场逻辑有助于构建数字经济中当代形式的行动主义的方式。其次,文章将投资放在不受商业追求影响的行动主义形式中,而这种追求是在女性化和排他性的完美文化的更广泛背景下进行的。最后,本文反思了影响作为女性化和琐碎追求的常见结构,并告诫人们不要不加批判地将影响视为琐碎,而不是被认为更严重的行动主义。
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引用次数: 0
Resisting the binary: reconciling victimhood and agency in discourses of sexual violence 抵制二元对立:调和性暴力话语中的受害者与能动性
3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231201059
Priya Raghavan
Queer, post-colonial and Black feminist scholars and activists have long cautioned against the dangerous exclusions and complicities entailed in even the best-intentioned efforts to counter sexual violence. The rhetoric of protecting women from sexual violence is frequently and effectively invoked in order to rehabilitate old colonial projects and justify new ones that persecute sexual dissidents, police gender, sexual and caste transgressions and re-inscribe neoliberal and neo-conservative rationalities across the globe. This article argues that many of the exclusionary, violent and coercive consequences of efforts to protect women from sexual violence are rooted in mischaracterisations or mis-descriptions of the subject of sexual violence, and enabled by particular (mis)orientations towards this subject. Specifically, I suggest that the imagination and representation of the subject of sexual violence is subtended by a politically dangerous and conceptually untenable victim/agent binary. Mediated by rationalities of caste, race, class and religion, women are imagined either as vulnerable victims in need of protection, or as capable (even culpable) agents, but never simultaneously both. The failure to reconcile victimhood and agency within discourses of sexual violence is precisely the condition of possibility for a range of violent, exclusionary and regulatory outcomes. This article tracks the effects of the victim/agent binary in dominant responses to sexual violence, before assembling the foundations from which to rethink victimhood and agency away from their binary orthodoxy, drawing centrally on the radical subjectivity of pain.
酷儿、后殖民主义和黑人女权主义学者和活动人士长期以来一直警告说,即使是最善意的反性暴力努力,也会带来危险的排斥和共谋。保护妇女免受性暴力的言论经常被有效地引用,以恢复旧的殖民项目,并为新的殖民项目辩护,这些项目迫害性异见者,警察性别,性和种姓违法行为,并在全球范围内重新载入新自由主义和新保守主义的理性。本文认为,在保护妇女免受性暴力侵害的努力中,许多排斥、暴力和强制的后果源于对性暴力主体的错误描述或错误描述,并因对这一主体的特定(错误)取向而得以实现。具体来说,我认为性暴力主题的想象和表现是由一种政治上危险和概念上站不住脚的受害者/代理人二元对立所支撑的。在种姓、种族、阶级和宗教等理性因素的影响下,女性要么被想象成需要保护的弱势受害者,要么被想象成有能力(甚至有罪)的行动者,但从来没有两者同时存在。未能在性暴力的话语中调和受害者和能动性,正是一系列暴力、排他性和管制性结果的可能条件。这篇文章追踪了受害者/代理人二元对立在性暴力的主流反应中的影响,然后汇集了重新思考受害者和代理的基础,远离他们的二元正统,集中吸取了痛苦的激进主观性。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic reflections on the Care and Control exhibition: refusals, contracts and publics “关怀与控制”展览对流行病的反思:拒绝、合同和公众
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231191665
Maud Perrier, Alice Tatton Brown, Junko Yamashita
This article presents reflections on our pre-Covid-19 exhibition Care and Control, and our interdisciplinary collaboration between artist Alice Tatton Brown and social scientists Maud Perrier and Junko Yamashita. The reflections expand current feminist debates about self-care and collective care by centring the importance of public space, refusals and contracts. Care and Control was designed as both an exhibition and a meeting place, created through our ongoing collaboration. It took place in a shopping centre in Bristol (UK) in June 2019. The exhibition was a collage of feminist archival objects and print, contemporary installation and community engagement. Care and Control began broadly as an experiment to seek out alternatives to an individualist approach to self-care, by researching how Women's Liberation Activists practised self-care and collective care beyond the household, and within protest, friendship and public space. In this article, we make a methodological contribution to feminist discussions of collective care by showing how our strategy of a) making a public exhibition and b) writing a Contract of Care is a significant technique for enacting some of the promise of Audre Lorde’s ‘self-care as warfare’. We show how Care and Control, drawing from the legacy of the Women's Liberation Movement, generated resources for countering definitions of self-care that predominate. Reflecting on how the Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated classed, racialised and gendered divisions in reproductive labour, our article suggests that self-care and collective care need to be conceptualised drawing on social reproduction.
这篇文章介绍了我们对新冠肺炎前展览“护理与控制”的反思,以及艺术家Alice Tatton Brown与社会科学家Maud Perrier和Junko Yamashita之间的跨学科合作。这些反思通过集中公共空间、拒绝和合同的重要性,扩大了当前关于自我护理和集体护理的女权主义辩论。Care and Control被设计成一个展览和会议场所,通过我们持续的合作创建。它于2019年6月在布里斯托尔(英国)的一家购物中心举行。展览是女权主义档案物品和印刷品、当代装置和社区参与的拼贴画。护理与控制最初是一项实验,旨在通过研究妇女解放活动家如何在家庭之外、抗议、友谊和公共空间内进行自我护理和集体护理,寻找个人主义自我护理方法的替代方案。在这篇文章中,我们通过展示我们的a)举办公共展览和b)撰写护理合同的策略是如何实现Audre Lorde“将自我护理视为战争”的一些承诺的重要技巧,为女权主义对集体护理的讨论做出了方法论贡献。我们展示了“关爱与控制”如何借鉴妇女解放运动的遗产,为对抗占主导地位的自我保健定义创造资源。考虑到新冠肺炎大流行如何加剧了生殖劳动中的分类、种族化和性别化分歧,我们的文章建议,自我护理和集体护理需要在社会再生产的基础上进行概念化。
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引用次数: 0
The question of feminist critique 女权主义批判的问题
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231186526
R. Chadwick
This article engages the contested question of feminist critique, suggesting that reflecting on how we ‘do’ critique as feminist scholars is integral to the work of examining the broader politics of feminist worldmaking and knowledge production. Building on the work of Rosalyn Diprose and Audre Lorde, I suggest that the concept of ‘epistemic generosity’ opens space for the development of a lexicon in which the nuances of an open and receptive attitude to feminist critique can be explored. As a stance of open receptivity, epistemic generosity is associated with waiting, slowness and listening, rather than pursuit, suspicion, vigilance and self-affirmation. Furthermore, as a non-directive mode of relating, epistemic generosity does not presume to know. Open to surprise, wonder and connection, it is fundamentally an orientation to thinking and knowing rooted in hopefulness. At the same time, epistemic generosity is not without risks. What thinking generously means, its risks and its costs, differs according to social positioning. For those located in privileged positions, epistemic generosity is only possible in conjunction with constant practices of self-critique that involve attending to friction, discomfort, difference and difficulty.
这篇文章涉及到女权主义批判中有争议的问题,表明作为女权主义学者,反思我们如何“做”批判是研究女权主义世界观和知识生产的更广泛政治工作的组成部分。在Rosalyn Diprose和Audre Lorde作品的基础上,我认为“认知慷慨”的概念为词汇的发展打开了空间,在这个词汇中,可以探索对女权主义批评的开放和接受态度的细微差别。作为一种开放接受的姿态,认知慷慨与等待、缓慢和倾听有关,而不是追求、怀疑、警惕和自我肯定。此外,作为一种非指导性的关联模式,认知慷慨并不假定知道。对惊喜、惊奇和联系敞开心扉,从根本上说,这是一种根植于希望的思考和认识的方向。与此同时,认知上的慷慨并非没有风险。慷慨思考意味着什么,它的风险和成本,根据社会定位而不同。对于那些处于特权地位的人来说,认知上的慷慨只有与不断的自我批评相结合,包括关注摩擦、不适、差异和困难。
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引用次数: 0
Who knows? On the epistemic status of experience in sugar-dating research 谁知道呢?论经验在糖定年研究中的认知地位
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231186525
Evelina Johansson Wilén, L. Gunnarsson
Sugar dating has gained extensive media coverage over the last couple of years, often being depicted as a veiled form of prostitution / sex work. While similar dating arrangements encompassing some sort of economic compensation are well researched in an African and Asian context, sugar dating has only garnered attention from researchers in the Global North during the last decade, in the wake of a proliferation of websites facilitating the practice. In light of the contested nature of the phenomenon, in this article we critically assess how knowledge about sugar dating is constructed in the emerging literature on the topic in the Global North, with a particular focus on the role attributed to sugar daters’ own experiential accounts. Alongside furthering the discourse on sugar dating by unravelling the epistemological underpinnings of existing research, we utilise the case of sugar-dating research to elaborate on the continued relevance of feminist debates on the epistemological status of experience. We call for a more comprehensive theoretical examination of experience in sugar-dating research and posit that some versions of feminist standpoint theory, as well as strands in feminist phenomenology, provide valuable theoretical tools for navigating between understanding experience as an ideological construct and/or as a privileged foundation of knowledge.
在过去的几年里,糖约会获得了广泛的媒体报道,经常被描述为一种隐蔽的卖淫/性工作。虽然类似的约会安排包含某种形式的经济补偿在非洲和亚洲的背景下得到了很好的研究,但糖约会只是在过去十年中才引起全球北方研究人员的注意,这是在促进这种做法的网站激增之后。鉴于这一现象的争议性,在本文中,我们批判性地评估了关于糖约会的知识是如何在全球北方关于这一主题的新兴文献中构建的,特别关注糖约会者自己的经验账户所起的作用。除了通过揭示现有研究的认识论基础来进一步讨论糖约会之外,我们还利用糖约会研究的案例来阐述女权主义者关于经验认识论地位的辩论的持续相关性。我们呼吁对糖年代研究中的经验进行更全面的理论考察,并假设一些版本的女权主义立场理论,以及女权主义现象学的分支,为将经验理解为意识形态结构和/或知识的特权基础之间的导航提供了有价值的理论工具。
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引用次数: 0
Mediating menopause: Feminism, neoliberalism, and biomedicalisation 调节更年期:女权主义、新自由主义和生物医学
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231182030
Shani Orgad, C. Rottenberg
Menopause is currently a ‘hot’ topic in the UK. This article examines the Channel 4 television documentary Davina McCall: Sex, Myths and the Menopause as a key cultural text in the current UK ‘menopause moment’, demonstrating how the programme both reflects and contributes to the broader trend of menopause's growing visibility and the emerging menopause market. We begin by situating Davina within broader social, cultural and economic processes which provided a conducive context for the show's largely positive reception, and which constitute some of the key forces fuelling menopause's heightened public profile more broadly. We then move to investigate the discourses that Davina draws upon, mobilises and highlights. Our analysis shows how the programme invokes feminist terms, while discussing crucial structural conditions that underpin the continued stigma and shame around menopause. At the same time, we demonstrate that there is a striking disconnect between the structural inequalities that the documentary highlights and its consistent emphasis on individualised and privatised solutions. This disconnect, we argue, provides important insight into the dominant forces currently animating the current menopause moment in the UK. We conclude by underscoring how even the more recent critical renditions of menopause have thus far remained largely curtailed by biomedical and neoliberal logics.
更年期目前是英国的一个“热门”话题。本文将第四频道的电视纪录片《戴维娜·麦考尔:性、神话和更年期》作为当前英国“更年期时刻”的一个关键文化文本,展示了该节目如何反映并促进更年期日益知名和新兴更年期市场的更广泛趋势。我们首先将戴维娜置于更广泛的社会、文化和经济进程中,这为该剧的广泛正面反响提供了有利的背景,并构成了推动更年期在更广泛范围内提高公众形象的一些关键力量。然后,我们开始调查戴维娜所借鉴、调动和强调的话语。我们的分析显示了该节目如何援引女权主义术语,同时讨论了支撑更年期持续污名和羞耻感的关键结构条件。与此同时,我们证明,纪录片强调的结构性不平等与其一贯强调的个性化和私有化解决方案之间存在着惊人的脱节。我们认为,这种脱节为目前英国更年期的主导力量提供了重要的见解。我们最后强调,到目前为止,生物医学和新自由主义逻辑在很大程度上限制了最近对更年期的批判。
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引用次数: 0
Storying ableism: proposing a feminist intersectional approach to linking theory and digital activism 讲述残疾主义:提出一种女权主义交叉方法,将理论与数字行动主义联系起来
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231173242
Rahel More
By addressing ableism through social media and other digital outlets, feminist disability activists share stories on what it means to be human from an intersectional perspective, and their storying is a way of understanding and theorising the world. However, the possibilities of digital disability activism to story ableism within broader feminist debates are underexplored. Storying as an anti-hegemonic approach to theorising ableism further from an intersectional perspective, implemented through an activist-academic working alliance, contributes to speaking otherwise about disability and draws attention to disability perspectives in feminist theory. In this article, I propose a feminist intersectional approach to storying ableism that exposes manifestations of ableism in its intersections with classism, racism and sexism at structural, identity and representational levels. I then argue for digital disability activism as a means of storying ableism, provide examples of such storying and describe the potentials and principles of digital activist storying. While the creation of further theory is central to the proposed approach, the connection of intersectionality theory with ableism and feminist disability theory serves as its foundation. I discuss how linking ableism with intersectionality strengthens the uncovering of ableism at different levels, why studies of ableism should be extended to fields beyond Disability Studies but remain closely connected to disability activism and how feminist disability theory has thus far shaped debates on the dis/ability binary in relation to the gendered body.
通过社交媒体和其他数字渠道解决残疾歧视问题,残疾女权主义者从交叉的角度分享了作为人类的意义,他们的故事是一种理解和理论化世界的方式。然而,数字残疾行动主义在更广泛的女权主义辩论中讲述残疾歧视的可能性尚未得到充分探索。故事作为一种反霸权的方法,从交叉的角度进一步将残疾主义理论化,通过活动家-学术工作联盟实施,有助于以不同的方式谈论残疾,并引起人们对女性主义理论中残疾观点的关注。在这篇文章中,我提出了一种女权主义的交叉方法来讲述残疾歧视,揭示残疾歧视在结构、身份和代表性层面上与阶级歧视、种族主义和性别歧视的交叉表现。然后,我认为数字残疾人行动主义是一种讲述残疾歧视的手段,提供了这样的故事的例子,并描述了数字活动家故事的潜力和原则。虽然进一步的理论创造是该方法的核心,但交叉性理论与残疾主义和女性主义残疾理论的联系是其基础。我将讨论如何将残疾主义与交叉性联系起来,在不同层面加强对残疾主义的揭示,为什么残疾主义的研究应该扩展到残疾研究之外的领域,但仍与残疾行动主义密切相关,以及女权主义残疾理论迄今为止如何塑造了与性别身体相关的残疾/残疾二元论的辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Call for reflection on the feminist Left: why care, solidarity and abolitionism cannot sufficiently underwrite a radical programme of social change – Fraserian critical theory and an extended review of Cannibal Capitalism 呼吁对女权主义左翼进行反思:为什么关怀、团结和废除主义不能充分保证激进的社会变革计划——弗雷泽式批判理论和对食人资本主义的延伸回顾
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1177/14647001231173218
Nicole Stybnarova
This article first introduces and reviews Nancy Fraser's latest book Cannibal Capitalism. Next, it discusses the book's its programme for critical theory in the framework of Fraser's previous scholarship. It focuses on two ingredients of ‘Fraserian' critical theory: the role of difference in social justice-driven research and the separation of ontological and normative parts of such research. It then applies these specifically to feminist radical theories and explains why current, ostensibly non-economic, care-, solidarity- and abolitionist resistance programmes cannot underwrite sufficiently radical political programmes for social change. While these programmes' alternative ontologies are resourceful for informing and fomenting resistance, their potential to radically change social structures hinges upon their ability to relate their programme to other socially dominated and economically oppressed groups on the Left. Because capitalism codes both social domination and economic oppression, radical programmes would integrate their ostensibly non-economic ontological resources with a critique of capitalism to illuminate the common struggles of socially dominated and economically oppressed. ‘System crises critique' articulated by Fraser in Cannibal Capitalism is an example of one such ‘radical’ programme, which mobilises the working class as well as other marginalised groups, which are simultaneously economically oppressed and socially dominated.
本文首先介绍和评述了南希·弗雷泽的新书《食人资本主义》。接下来,它在弗雷泽之前的学术框架下讨论了这本书的批判性理论课程。它侧重于“弗雷泽里安”批判理论的两个组成部分:差异在社会正义驱动的研究中的作用,以及这种研究的本体论和规范论部分的分离。然后,它将这些具体应用于女权主义激进理论,并解释了为什么目前表面上非经济、关怀、团结和废奴主义的抵抗计划不能为社会变革提供足够激进的政治计划。虽然这些计划的替代本体论在提供信息和煽动抵抗方面足智多谋,但它们从根本上改变社会结构的潜力取决于它们将其计划与其他社会主导和经济压迫的左翼群体联系起来的能力。由于资本主义既规范了社会统治,也规范了经济压迫,激进计划将把它们表面上的非经济本体论资源与对资本主义的批判结合起来,以阐明社会统治和经济压迫的共同斗争。”弗雷泽在《食人资本主义》中阐述的“制度危机批判”就是这样一个“激进”计划的例子,该计划动员了工人阶级和其他边缘化群体,他们同时受到经济压迫和社会支配。
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引用次数: 0
Re-fashioning feminist subjects: authors’ conversation 重新塑造女权主义主题:作者的对话
IF 2.1 3区 社会学 Q2 WOMENS STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/14647001221143311
S. Dosekun, Samantha Pinto, Srila Roy
In this conversation with Samantha Pinto, Simidele Dosekun and Srila Roy trace the ways that gender and sexuality are both highly local and deeply transnational in the current landscape of neoliberalism. Dosekun's Fashioning Postfeminism: Spectacular Femininity and Transnational Culture looks to beauty industry and practices in Lagos to explore the tension between self-construction and media representation in a world of savvy consumption and complex audiences for women's embodied lives. Roy's Changing the Subject: Feminist and Queer Politics in Neoliberal India looks to two activist organisations representing very different forms of feminist praxis and appeal to the state in contemporary India that both reproduce but also confound neoliberal logics of governmentality. Dosekun and Roy, using ethnographic methods, leave feminist theory undone by their counterintuitive and even ambivalent critical moves that refuse to rest on well-worn binaries and critiques within neoliberalism. This piece is a conversation meant to draw out powerful connections between the challenging, field-changing work of these two scholars, as well as the specificity each brings to their intellectual practice of feminist theory.
在与Samantha Pinto的对话中,Simidele Dosekun和Srila Roy追溯了性别和性行为在当前新自由主义景观中既高度本地化又深度跨国化的方式。Dosekun的《塑造后女权主义:壮观的女性气质与跨国文化》着眼于拉各斯的美容行业和实践,探索在一个精明消费和复杂受众对女性具象化生活的世界中,自我建构与媒体表现之间的张力。罗伊的《改变主题:新自由主义印度的女权主义和酷儿政治》着眼于两个代表不同形式的女权主义实践的激进组织,并呼吁当代印度的国家,这两个组织既复制了新自由主义的治理逻辑,又混淆了新自由主义的治理逻辑。Dosekun和Roy使用人种学的方法,用他们反直觉的、甚至是矛盾的批评行动来推翻女权主义理论,这些批评行动拒绝依赖于新自由主义内部陈旧的二元对立和批评。这篇文章是一段对话,旨在引出这两位学者具有挑战性的、改变领域的工作之间的强大联系,以及他们各自为女权主义理论的知识实践带来的特殊性。
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