Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000041
H. Nuerk, K. Moeller, E. Klein, K. Willmes, M. Fischer
Multi-digit number processing is ubiquitous in our everyday life - even in school, multi-digit numbers are computed from the first year onward. Yet, many problems children and adults have are about the relation of different digits (for instance with fractions, decimals, or carry effects in multi-digit addition). Cognitive research has mainly focused on single-digit processing, and there is no comprehensive review of the different multi-digit number processing types and effects. The current review aims to fill this gap. First, we argue that effects observed in single- digit tasks cannot simply be transferred to multi-digit processing. Next, we list 16 effect types and processes which are specific for multi-digit number processing. We then discuss the development of multi-digit number processing, its neurocognitive correlates, its cultural or language- related modulation, and finally some models for multi-digit number processing. We finish with conclusions and perspectives about where multi- digit number processing research may or should be heading in following years.
{"title":"Extending the Mental Number Line A Review of Multi-Digit Number Processing","authors":"H. Nuerk, K. Moeller, E. Klein, K. Willmes, M. Fischer","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000041","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-digit number processing is ubiquitous in our everyday life - even in school, multi-digit numbers are computed from the first year onward. Yet, many problems children and adults have are about the relation of different digits (for instance with fractions, decimals, or carry effects in multi-digit addition). Cognitive research has mainly focused on single-digit processing, and there is no comprehensive review of the different multi-digit number processing types and effects. The current review aims to fill this gap. First, we argue that effects observed in single- digit tasks cannot simply be transferred to multi-digit processing. Next, we list 16 effect types and processes which are specific for multi-digit number processing. We then discuss the development of multi-digit number processing, its neurocognitive correlates, its cultural or language- related modulation, and finally some models for multi-digit number processing. We finish with conclusions and perspectives about where multi- digit number processing research may or should be heading in following years.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"41 1","pages":"3-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84891822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000076
Daniel Sullivan, E. Jonas, Barbara Jodlbauer
Research in terror management theory shows that, when reminded of their own death, people experience an elevated need to feel secure in their cultural worldview. This effect has consequences for consumer behavior. One unexplored possibility is that a worldview-affirming prime will buffer anxiety and actually increase willingness to purchase products representative of a foreign worldview after a death reminder. In our study, we first induced mortality or failure salience in 137 Austrian residents. Participants then read a diary entry about a holiday spent either in the mountains of Austria or in foreign countries. Finally, we measured willingness to pay a higher price for a local (“Fair Milk”) versus a foreign product (“fair trade”). Analyses showed that following mortality salience (compared to failure salience) the worldview-affirming prime (a diary entry about Austrian culture) uniquely increased willingness to pay higher prices for foreign products.
{"title":"Mortality Salience and Worldview Affirmation Strengthen Support for Foreign Products","authors":"Daniel Sullivan, E. Jonas, Barbara Jodlbauer","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000076","url":null,"abstract":"Research in terror management theory shows that, when reminded of their own death, people experience an elevated need to feel secure in their cultural worldview. This effect has consequences for consumer behavior. One unexplored possibility is that a worldview-affirming prime will buffer anxiety and actually increase willingness to purchase products representative of a foreign worldview after a death reminder. In our study, we first induced mortality or failure salience in 137 Austrian residents. Participants then read a diary entry about a holiday spent either in the mountains of Austria or in foreign countries. Finally, we measured willingness to pay a higher price for a local (“Fair Milk”) versus a foreign product (“fair trade”). Analyses showed that following mortality salience (compared to failure salience) the worldview-affirming prime (a diary entry about Austrian culture) uniquely increased willingness to pay higher prices for foreign products.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"224-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74576063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/A000057
Rebekah E. Smith
This section contains short contributions involving the following aspects of prospective memory research: Recent and upcoming symposia on prospective memory (including a symposium in honor of Richard Marsh to be held at the 5th International Conference on Memory, York, UK, August 2011) / Special journal issues on prospective memory (2000-2011) / Fourth International Conference on Prospective Memory (Naples, Italy, 2013) / The Prospective Memory Group (web discussion group)
{"title":"Recent and Upcoming Events for Prospective Memory Researchers","authors":"Rebekah E. Smith","doi":"10.1027/2151-2604/A000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/A000057","url":null,"abstract":"This section contains short contributions involving the following aspects of prospective memory research: Recent and upcoming symposia on prospective memory (including a symposium in honor of Richard Marsh to be held at the 5th International Conference on Memory, York, UK, August 2011) / Special journal issues on prospective memory (2000-2011) / Fourth International Conference on Prospective Memory (Naples, Italy, 2013) / The Prospective Memory Group (web discussion group)","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"55 1","pages":"125-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88079447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.1027/0044-3409/A000022
S. Lissek, C. Grillon
According to many conditioning accounts of clinical anxiety, the central pathogen can be found in aberrant acquisition or extinction of learned fear to neutral stimuli (i.e., conditioned stimuli [CS]) paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). While overresponding to the CS is an important candidate source of anxiety pathology, both clinical observation and mounting experimental data implicate generalization of fear to stimuli resembling the CS as an equally promising candidate (e.g., Grillon & Morgan, 1999; Lissek et al., 2005; Lissek et al., 2010; Mineka & Zinbarg, 1996). Important to the current issue on ‘‘Trauma and Memory,’’ generalization of fear to stimuli resembling those present during a traumatic event is a core feature of the posttraumatic stress response (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and is likely influenced by conditioning-dependent modifications to the neural representation of the CS stored in memory. The current paper (1) summarizes the connection between conditioned-fear generalization and pathologic anxiety including a recent empirical example demonstrating the link and (2) explores memorial substrates of conditioned generalization and the ways they are related to overgeneralization of the kind seen in anxiety pathology.
根据许多对临床焦虑的条件作用的描述，中心病原体可以在对中性刺激(即条件刺激[CS])与厌恶的非条件刺激(US)配对的习得性恐惧的异常获得或消除中被发现。虽然对CS的过度反应是焦虑病理的一个重要候选来源，但临床观察和越来越多的实验数据都表明，对类似CS的刺激的恐惧泛化是一个同样有希望的候选因素(例如，Grillon & Morgan, 1999;Lissek et al.， 2005;Lissek et al.， 2010;Mineka & Zinbarg, 1996)。对当前的“创伤与记忆”问题来说很重要的一点是，对类似于创伤事件中出现的刺激的恐惧泛化是创伤后应激反应的核心特征(美国精神病学协会，2000年)，并且可能受到储存在记忆中的CS的神经表征的条件依赖性修改的影响。本文(1)总结了条件性恐惧泛化与病理性焦虑之间的联系，包括最近的一个实证例子;(2)探讨了条件性泛化的记忆基质及其与焦虑病理中所见的过度泛化的关系。
{"title":"Overgeneralization of Conditioned Fear in the Anxiety Disorders","authors":"S. Lissek, C. Grillon","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000022","url":null,"abstract":"According to many conditioning accounts of clinical anxiety, the central pathogen can be found in aberrant acquisition or extinction of learned fear to neutral stimuli (i.e., conditioned stimuli [CS]) paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). While overresponding to the CS is an important candidate source of anxiety pathology, both clinical observation and mounting experimental data implicate generalization of fear to stimuli resembling the CS as an equally promising candidate (e.g., Grillon & Morgan, 1999; Lissek et al., 2005; Lissek et al., 2010; Mineka & Zinbarg, 1996). Important to the current issue on ‘‘Trauma and Memory,’’ generalization of fear to stimuli resembling those present during a traumatic event is a core feature of the posttraumatic stress response (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and is likely influenced by conditioning-dependent modifications to the neural representation of the CS stored in memory. The current paper (1) summarizes the connection between conditioned-fear generalization and pathologic anxiety including a recent empirical example demonstrating the link and (2) explores memorial substrates of conditioned generalization and the ways they are related to overgeneralization of the kind seen in anxiety pathology.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73456722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1027/0044-3409/A000002
A. Reinecke, E. Becker, M. Rinck
Anxiety disorders are characterized by biased implicit threat associations, which can be measured by indirect reaction time tasks. These tasks might provide a useful tool in the assessment of individual diagnoses and therapeutic changes. However, sufficient psychometric properties of the applied tasks are a prerequisite for these applications. Therefore, we comparatively investigated the reliability and validity of an Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST), an Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT), and an Affective Priming Task (APT) by presenting the same tasks twice within 1 week. Data show retest reliabilities of around r = .42 for the EAST, r = .35 for the AAT, and r = .63 for the APT. Internal consistencies varied between .44 and .49 for the EAST, .66 and .70 for the AAT, and .53 and .76 for the APT. Validity correlations with self-report questionnaires ranged between r = .43 and r = .59, being lowest for the EAST and highest for the AAT. We argue that while these instruments might not be applicable to indivi...
{"title":"Three Indirect Tasks Assessing Implicit Threat Associations and Behavioral Response Tendencies Test-Retest Reliability and Validity","authors":"A. Reinecke, E. Becker, M. Rinck","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000002","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety disorders are characterized by biased implicit threat associations, which can be measured by indirect reaction time tasks. These tasks might provide a useful tool in the assessment of individual diagnoses and therapeutic changes. However, sufficient psychometric properties of the applied tasks are a prerequisite for these applications. Therefore, we comparatively investigated the reliability and validity of an Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST), an Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT), and an Affective Priming Task (APT) by presenting the same tasks twice within 1 week. Data show retest reliabilities of around r = .42 for the EAST, r = .35 for the AAT, and r = .63 for the APT. Internal consistencies varied between .44 and .49 for the EAST, .66 and .70 for the AAT, and .53 and .76 for the APT. Validity correlations with self-report questionnaires ranged between r = .43 and r = .59, being lowest for the EAST and highest for the AAT. We argue that while these instruments might not be applicable to indivi...","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"79 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76091955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-05-24DOI: 10.1027/0044-3409/A000004
Friederike X. R. Dislich, Axel Zinkernagel, T. Ortner, Manfred J. Schmitt
Based on dual-process models, we assumed that risk taking depends on implicit and explicit risk attitudes and risk propensity. Specifically, we predicted that the convergence between these indicators would depend on the impulsiveness versus reflectiveness of risk behavior. Two objective personality tests (OPTs) of risk taking that measure risk behavior in standardized situations were employed. We predicted that the impulsive OPT would depend more on implicit risk dispositions. The reverse effect pattern was expected for the reflective OPT. Next, we expected that self-control would amplify the weight of explicit dispositions and attenuate that of implicit dispositions. At Time 1, two direct questionnaire measures of explicit risk proneness, three indirect measures of implicit risk proneness, and a self-control measure were administered. At Time 2, participants participated in a reflective and an impulsive gambling OPT. The assumed pattern of effects was obtained. We conclude with a discussion of future res...
{"title":"Convergence of Direct, Indirect, and Objective Risk-Taking Measures in Gambling","authors":"Friederike X. R. Dislich, Axel Zinkernagel, T. Ortner, Manfred J. Schmitt","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000004","url":null,"abstract":"Based on dual-process models, we assumed that risk taking depends on implicit and explicit risk attitudes and risk propensity. Specifically, we predicted that the convergence between these indicators would depend on the impulsiveness versus reflectiveness of risk behavior. Two objective personality tests (OPTs) of risk taking that measure risk behavior in standardized situations were employed. We predicted that the impulsive OPT would depend more on implicit risk dispositions. The reverse effect pattern was expected for the reflective OPT. Next, we expected that self-control would amplify the weight of explicit dispositions and attenuate that of implicit dispositions. At Time 1, two direct questionnaire measures of explicit risk proneness, three indirect measures of implicit risk proneness, and a self-control measure were administered. At Time 2, participants participated in a reflective and an impulsive gambling OPT. The assumed pattern of effects was obtained. We conclude with a discussion of future res...","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73537624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1027/0044-3409/A000003
A. Rudolph, Michela Schröder–Abé, M. Riketta, A. Schütz
Evidence for the criterion validity of indirect self-esteem measures is still limited, with only some studies finding effects of implicit (ISE) independent of explicit (ESE) self-esteem. This may be due to the fact that studies predicting actual behavior are particularly rare. The present study contributes evidence to the predictive validity of the Implicit Association Test and a recently developed self-judgment task under cognitive load. We used criteria beyond self-report: experimenter ratings of anxiety, linguistic aspects of anxiety, and spontaneous self-confident behaviors. Using paired criteria, we tested a double dissociation of ISE and ESE. Results supported our hypothesis: ISE predicted self-confident behaviors or aspects of anxiety that ESE was not able to predict, and vice versa. Thus, differential predictive validity of both measures of self-esteem was demonstrated. With behavioral criteria that tapped into impulsive processes, ISE was a better predictor than ESE was.
{"title":"Easier When Done Than Said","authors":"A. Rudolph, Michela Schröder–Abé, M. Riketta, A. Schütz","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000003","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence for the criterion validity of indirect self-esteem measures is still limited, with only some studies finding effects of implicit (ISE) independent of explicit (ESE) self-esteem. This may be due to the fact that studies predicting actual behavior are particularly rare. The present study contributes evidence to the predictive validity of the Implicit Association Test and a recently developed self-judgment task under cognitive load. We used criteria beyond self-report: experimenter ratings of anxiety, linguistic aspects of anxiety, and spontaneous self-confident behaviors. Using paired criteria, we tested a double dissociation of ISE and ESE. Results supported our hypothesis: ISE predicted self-confident behaviors or aspects of anxiety that ESE was not able to predict, and vice versa. Thus, differential predictive validity of both measures of self-esteem was demonstrated. With behavioral criteria that tapped into impulsive processes, ISE was a better predictor than ESE was.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"18 1","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82825036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1027/0044-3409/A000017
A. Staniloiu, H. Markowitsch
Brain damage was traditionally seen as the product of a neurological disease or injury. Nevertheless, modern brain imaging techniques have provided increasing evidence for alterations in brain tissue and metabolism for a number of psychiatric disorders. Though for a while “dissociated” (Spiegel, 2006) from the clinical and scientific arena, dissociative disorders have in the last several years received a renewed interest among several groups of researchers, who embarked on the work of disentangling their neural correlates. We review data from our own research as well as others, which point to distinct changes in brain regions underlying dissociative amnes(t)ic disorders. These changes may consist of overall reductions in brain metabolism or more selective alterations primarily in the right temporo-frontal cortices. Recent evidence with refined magnetic resonance imaging techniques furthermore reveals selective fiber degenerations in these regions. While these changes may persist and probably even intensif...
{"title":"Searching for the Anatomy of Dissociative Amnesia","authors":"A. Staniloiu, H. Markowitsch","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000017","url":null,"abstract":"Brain damage was traditionally seen as the product of a neurological disease or injury. Nevertheless, modern brain imaging techniques have provided increasing evidence for alterations in brain tissue and metabolism for a number of psychiatric disorders. Though for a while “dissociated” (Spiegel, 2006) from the clinical and scientific arena, dissociative disorders have in the last several years received a renewed interest among several groups of researchers, who embarked on the work of disentangling their neural correlates. We review data from our own research as well as others, which point to distinct changes in brain regions underlying dissociative amnes(t)ic disorders. These changes may consist of overall reductions in brain metabolism or more selective alterations primarily in the right temporo-frontal cortices. Recent evidence with refined magnetic resonance imaging techniques furthermore reveals selective fiber degenerations in these regions. While these changes may persist and probably even intensif...","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"96-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90423063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1027/0044-3409/A000027
Rüdiger Mutz, U. Seeling
The purpose of this article is to discuss new methodological developments, starting with Schilling and Hogge (2001), aimed at establishing a nomothetic version of the Brunswikian lens model based on multilevel models (multilevel latent class regression). This genuinely person-oriented approach simultaneously allows the idiographic assessment of individual judgment processes and the nomothetic examination of evidence of generalization across individuals. Data of a pilot project on forest persons’ subjective judgment of the quality of wood (“Forstlicher Gotterblick”) are used to demonstrate the proposal: In a paper-pencil test, 29 forest persons (forestry students and foresters) each estimated the internal wood quality of 40 trees on a 6-point rating scale using information provided about six well-known external wood properties for each tree. Two judgment strategies were identified (“Take-The-Best” and random) which could also be assigned to two different types of subjects (“novices” vs. “experts”). Summari...
{"title":"A Nomothetic Version of the Brunswikian Lens Model: A Variable- and Person-Oriented Approach","authors":"Rüdiger Mutz, U. Seeling","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000027","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to discuss new methodological developments, starting with Schilling and Hogge (2001), aimed at establishing a nomothetic version of the Brunswikian lens model based on multilevel models (multilevel latent class regression). This genuinely person-oriented approach simultaneously allows the idiographic assessment of individual judgment processes and the nomothetic examination of evidence of generalization across individuals. Data of a pilot project on forest persons’ subjective judgment of the quality of wood (“Forstlicher Gotterblick”) are used to demonstrate the proposal: In a paper-pencil test, 29 forest persons (forestry students and foresters) each estimated the internal wood quality of 40 trees on a 6-point rating scale using information provided about six well-known external wood properties for each tree. Two judgment strategies were identified (“Take-The-Best” and random) which could also be assigned to two different types of subjects (“novices” vs. “experts”). Summari...","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"41 1","pages":"175-184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90498455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01DOI: 10.1027/0044-3409/A000023
M. Davis
I can’t get the memories out of my mind! The images come flooding back in vivid detail, triggered by the most inconsequential things, like a door slamming or the smell of stir-fried pork. Last night, I went to bed, was having a good sleep for a change. Then in the early morning a storm front passed through and there was a bolt of crackling thunder. I awoke instantly, frozen in fear. I am right back in Viet Nam, in the middle of the monsoon season at my guard post. I am sure I’ll get hit in the next volley and convinced I will die. My hands are freezing, yet sweat pours from my entire body. I feel each hair on the back of my neck standing on end. I can’t catch my breath and my heart is pounding. I smell a damp sulfur smell. Suddenly I see what’s left of my buddy Troy, his head on a bamboo platter, sent back to our camp by the Viet Cong. Propaganda messages are stuffed between his clenched teeth. The next bolt of lightning and clap of thunder makes me jump so much that I fall to the floor.
{"title":"Facilitation of Fear Extinction and Psychotherapy by D-Cycloserine","authors":"M. Davis","doi":"10.1027/0044-3409/A000023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0044-3409/A000023","url":null,"abstract":"I can’t get the memories out of my mind! The images come flooding back in vivid detail, triggered by the most inconsequential things, like a door slamming or the smell of stir-fried pork. Last night, I went to bed, was having a good sleep for a change. Then in the early morning a storm front passed through and there was a bolt of crackling thunder. I awoke instantly, frozen in fear. I am right back in Viet Nam, in the middle of the monsoon season at my guard post. I am sure I’ll get hit in the next volley and convinced I will die. My hands are freezing, yet sweat pours from my entire body. I feel each hair on the back of my neck standing on end. I can’t catch my breath and my heart is pounding. I smell a damp sulfur smell. Suddenly I see what’s left of my buddy Troy, his head on a bamboo platter, sent back to our camp by the Viet Cong. Propaganda messages are stuffed between his clenched teeth. The next bolt of lightning and clap of thunder makes me jump so much that I fall to the floor.","PeriodicalId":47289,"journal":{"name":"Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-Journal of Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"149-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91089524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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