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For a geography of difference and dialogues: Brazilian geography for the twenty-first century 差异与对话的地理学:21世纪的巴西地理学
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231174636
R. Gomes
The perspectives of Brazilian geography for the twenty-first century are guided by a conception of the world that highlights differences and a theoretical-methodological attitude that favors the dialogue and mixture of approaches, theories, and methods. In Brazilian geography, the highlighting of differences and dialogues informs geographical perspectives that value the space of the ‘insider's point of view’ as well as a theoretically and methodologically less unilateral and more multidimensional approach. Examples of these trends include (1) research on the production of space from the standpoint of people's everyday lives and critiquing the spaces of capitalism, racism, and sexism; (2) integrative approaches to landscape studies of environmental problems at the local scale; (3) autonomous socio-spatial practices in both rural and urban areas. A plural, mixtured, and creative geography with political, social, and environmental engagement will be one of the contributions of Brazilian geographical thought that will shape the geographies of the future.
21世纪巴西地理学的观点以突出差异的世界观和有利于对话和方法、理论和方法混合的理论方法论态度为指导。在巴西地理学中,对差异和对话的强调为重视“内部人观点”空间的地理视角提供了信息,并在理论和方法上减少了单边性,增加了多维性。这些趋势的例子包括:(1)从人们日常生活的角度研究空间的生产,并批评资本主义、种族主义和性别歧视的空间;(2) 在地方范围内对环境问题进行景观研究的综合方法;(3) 农村和城市地区的自主社会空间实践。多元、混合和创造性的地理与政治、社会和环境参与将是巴西地理思想的贡献之一,它将塑造未来的地理。
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引用次数: 0
Glitches in the technonatural present 技术自然的当下
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231174633
A. Searle, J. Turnbull, Oscar Hartman Davies, Julia Poerting, Pauline Chasseray-Peraldi, Jennifer Dodsworth, Henry Anderson-Elliott
Ecological collapse and the proliferation of digitally mediated relations are two conjoined elements of the ‘technonatural present’, which pose varied challenges and openings for the future of geographical thought and praxis beyond the delineated sub-disciplinary concerns of more-than-human and digital geographies. In this commentary, we draw attention to the inseparability, now and into the future, of geographical thought and praxis from digital mediation. This mediation is also central to forms of encounter, exploitation, and governance shaping human-nonhuman relations. Within this complex nexus of humans, nonhumans, environments, and technologies, it is crucial to critically examine how nature is made (mediated) and remade (remediated), by whom, for whom, and with whom. We call for research that affirmatively centres the potentials for progressive digitally-mediated environmentalisms, drawing from Agnieszka Leszczynski and Sarah Elwood's work on ‘glitch epistemologies’. To conclude, we point to a series of themes and questions that geographers might usefully engage with as they navigate digitally (re)mediated catastrophic times.
生态崩溃和数字中介关系的扩散是“技术自然存在”的两个结合元素,它们为地理思想和实践的未来带来了各种挑战和机遇,超越了人类和数字地理的子学科关注。在这篇评论中,我们提请注意数字调解的地理思想和实践在现在和未来的不可分割性。这种调解也是形成人与人之间关系的遭遇、剥削和治理形式的核心。在人类、非人类、环境和技术的复杂关系中,至关重要的是要批判性地研究自然是如何形成(调解)和重塑(修复)的,由谁创造、为谁创造、与谁合作。我们呼吁进行研究,从Agnieszka Leszczynski和Sarah Elwood关于“故障认识论”的工作中汲取积极的数字媒介环保主义的潜力。最后,我们指出了一系列主题和问题,地理学家在数字(重新)媒介的灾难时代导航时可能会有效地参与这些主题和问题。
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引用次数: 1
Urban life beyond capture: Movement, time and subaltern politics in Mumbai’s peripheries 超越捕捉的城市生活:孟买周边的运动、时间和下层政治
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231174631
Lalitha Kamath
The cover image of the book (Simone, 2022), a still from the media installation, Strikes at Time, by the Raqs Media Collective, conjures up the city in a play of shadows and light, nameless spirits and dreams, with the shadowy figure of the rebellious worker dominating the frame. It offers the appropriate atmospherics for a book that foregrounds a different kind of city – where nothing is what it seems. Workers are more than workers, inhabiting time and space differently to produce something undeniably urban but that is not anchored in the city form. AbdouMaliq is a master provocateur and, similar to his earlier works, this book succeeds eminently as a provocation to poke at that which we see as settled, tilt our angle of view and expand our appreciation of uncertainty. The concept of The Surrounds is at the heart of this book, one that Simone invokes as ‘simultaneously the spaces, times and practices within and beyond capture’ (ix). Variously described as ‘a mode of accompaniment’ (iv), ‘urban infrastructure’ (1) or a ‘kind of urbanization from below’ (9), the surrounds seems amorphous due to the many forms it assumes. But it is compelling precisely because its improvisational poetics so accurately encapsulates those aspects of urban life that we sense and experience but elude capture in conventional urban studies thought and language. Most evident at the extensions of urbanization, The Surrounds represent ‘a type of territorialization possible when extensive and extended urbanization is no longer rooted within the city form and thus dependent upon multiple articulations of different ways of doing things and different logics of settlement and production’ (ix). The surrounds then emerge as highly heterogenous spaces where disparate urban forms, tenure regimes, financing circuits, legalities and contested territories proliferate. Rather than being held together by some overarching, discernible logic, they operate as ‘strange accompaniments’ to each other (4). In the spaces of The Surrounds, things disappear and others take their place, provisional alliances bind, for a time, but then the rules shaping what is possible are remade. Time seems to be lived differently here. Residents deploy the gaps, interstices and disjunctures of these disparate and changing formations as openings, as infrastructure to generate new possibilities and create something unanticipated. The surrounds thus provide the space for grounding different kinds of rebellious practice through which ‘life can be enacted in ways beyond capture in oppressive situations’ (28). Simone’s meditations on time and formulation of itineraries have been tremendously insightful in explorations of my own city, Mumbai, where urbanization is being extended in unanticipated ways and forms. While emphasizing that the surrounds is that which eludes capture, Simone offers clues for urban researchers to cognize it – ‘a domain that exists by a different way of seeing the urban but also as one that exist
这本书的封面图片(Simone, 2022)是Raqs media Collective的媒体装置作品《罢工时刻》(Strikes at Time)的剧照,在光影、无名的灵魂和梦想的游戏中,让人想起了这座城市,而叛逆工人的模糊形象占据了画面。它为这本书提供了合适的氛围,展现了一个不同类型的城市——在那里,一切都不是表面上的样子。工人不仅仅是工人,他们以不同的方式居住在时间和空间中,创造出一些不可否认的城市,但却没有固定在城市形态中。阿卜杜勒·马利克是一位挑衅大师,与他早期的作品类似,这本书作为一种挑衅,成功地戳中了我们认为已确定的事物,倾斜了我们的视角,扩大了我们对不确定性的欣赏。围绕的概念是这本书的核心,Simone称之为“同时捕捉空间、时间和实践”(ix)。不同的描述是“一种陪伴模式”(iv),“城市基础设施”(1)或“一种自下而上的城市化”(9),围绕似乎是无定形的,因为它具有多种形式。但它之所以引人注目,正是因为它的即兴诗学如此准确地概括了我们感知和体验的城市生活的各个方面,而传统的城市研究思想和语言却无法捕捉到这些方面。最明显的是,在城市化的扩展中,周边地区代表了“当广泛和扩展的城市化不再植根于城市形式,从而依赖于不同的做事方式和不同的定居和生产逻辑的多种联系时,可能出现的一种领土化”(ix)。随后,周边地区出现了高度异质的空间,其中不同的城市形式、权属制度、融资回路、合法性和争议领土激增。它们不是由某种总体的、可辨别的逻辑维系在一起,而是以“奇怪的陪伴”的方式相互作用(4)。在《周围》的空间中,事物消失,其他事物取而代之,暂时结盟,但随后塑造可能的规则被重新塑造。这里的时间似乎过得不一样。居民将这些不同的、不断变化的结构的缝隙、缝隙和裂缝作为开口,作为基础设施,产生新的可能性,创造意想不到的东西。因此,周围的环境为不同类型的反叛实践提供了空间,通过这种实践,“生活可以以超越压迫环境的方式制定”(28)。西蒙娜对时间的思考和行程的制定在我自己的城市孟买的探索中是非常有见地的,在那里,城市化正在以意想不到的方式和形式扩展。在强调周围环境是无法捕捉的同时,Simone为城市研究人员提供了认识它的线索——“一个以不同的方式看待城市的领域,同时也是一个通过循环的制定而存在的领域,重复和重新校准为路线”(39)。我将行程作为一种方法,揭示了一种看待城市的方式,它取决于运动和时间性。
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引用次数: 0
On the intersection of geographical thought and artistic practice: DIY urbanism, flow, and imagining urban futures 论地理思想与艺术实践的交叉:DIY城市主义、流动与想象城市未来
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231174637
Rachael Boswell
In this commentary, I explore what an artists’ process offers to city-making: how urban experimentation can open up hopeful, surprising, and imaginative urban encounters and futures. By doing so, I imagine a future for geographical thought and praxis lying partly in the interesting places where they overlap with artistic practice. I ground this thinking on the unstable surface found in the years immediately following the 2010–11 earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand. It was into a wasteland of post-earthquake demolition that ‘ordinary citizens’ started to insert creative interventions (known in the literature as do-it-yourself, or DIY, urbanism). I explore how an understanding of creative ‘flow’ helped me untangle what was particular and unique about the uprising of DIY urbanism in post-earthquake Christchurch. From the ‘doing’ of creative practitioners in the city during this time emerged a different and new energy: an imaginative, hopeful, open-ended feeling of the possibilities hidden behind the facade of grey rubble. In particular, I examine how existing work in the geohumanities around hope and temporalities resonates with DIY urbanism and consider what artistic practices may have to offer geographical thought and praxis.
在这篇评论中,我探讨了艺术家的过程为城市建设提供了什么:城市实验如何开启充满希望、惊喜和想象力的城市遭遇和未来。通过这样做,我想象地理思想和实践的未来部分在于它们与艺术实践重叠的有趣地方。我把这种想法建立在2010-11年新西兰克赖斯特彻奇地震后几年发现的不稳定表面上。正是在地震后拆迁的荒原上,“普通公民”开始插入创造性的干预措施(在文献中被称为自己动手,或DIY,城市主义)。我探索了对创造性“流动”的理解如何帮助我解开地震后克赖斯特彻奇DIY城市主义兴起的特殊之处。在这段时间里,从城市创意从业者的“实践”中,出现了一种不同的新能量:一种富有想象力、充满希望、开放式的感觉,这种感觉隐藏在灰色瓦砾的外表后面。特别是,我研究了地理人文领域围绕希望和时间的现有工作如何与DIY城市主义产生共鸣,并考虑了艺术实践可能提供的地理思想和实践。
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引用次数: 1
Form, genre, voice, and authority in human geography: A speculative genealogy 人文地理学的形式、体裁、声音和权威:一种思辨的谱系
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231174634
Julian Brigstocke
This speculative genealogy of trends in the written forms of geographical scholarship, 2020–2043, explores the dramatic transformations in the discipline that came with a ‘neo-formalist’ turn towards critical reflection on and experiment with the formal aspects of geographical writing, including structure, genre, voice, and style. At the start of the 2020s, the forms, genres, and styles of academic geographical writing in Anglophone research journals were still rather homogeneous in form. Experiments with form were mostly restricted to sub-disciplinary silos. Following a series of important scholarly interventions, the discipline started to reflect more earnestly on the different kinds of authority that are claimed through the use of particular written forms and authorial personas. Whereas in the early decades of the 21st century, authorial personas were mostly confident, self-assured, decisive, and expressing a ‘mastery’ of concepts, the turn towards greater critical analysis of geography's written forms led to a proliferation of authorial personas, often rejecting personas associated with ‘mastery’ and instead exploring hesitation, anxiety, indecision, passivity, improvisation, unreliability, plurality, failure, humour, and self-deprecation, as ways of claiming different, more egalitarian forms of epistemic authority. This genealogy concludes that despite the problem of eclecticism, this turn towards greater methodological reflection on geography's written forms has greatly enriched the discipline from the mid-2020s until today.
《2020-2043年地理学术书面形式趋势的推测谱系》探讨了该学科的戏剧性转变,这种转变伴随着“新形式主义”转向对地理写作的形式方面的批判性反思和实验,包括结构、体例、声音和风格。20世纪20年代初,英语研究期刊上的学术地理写作形式、体裁和风格在形式上仍然相当同质化。关于形式的实验大多局限于子学科的竖井。在一系列重要的学术干预之后,这门学科开始更认真地反思通过使用特定的书面形式和作者角色所声称的不同类型的权威。然而,在21世纪最初的几十年里,作者角色大多是自信的、自信的、果断的,并表达了对概念的“掌握”,转向对地理书面形式进行更大的批判性分析,导致了作者角色的激增,通常拒绝与“掌握”相关的角色,而是探索犹豫、焦虑、犹豫不决、被动、即兴、不可靠、多元化、失败、幽默和自我贬低。作为主张不同的,更平等的知识权威形式的方式。这一谱系得出的结论是,尽管折衷主义存在问题,但从20世纪20年代中期到今天,这种对地理学书面形式进行更大方法论反思的转变极大地丰富了这门学科。
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引用次数: 0
Automation and environmental dispositions 自动化和环境配置
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231174635
J. Ash
To think through the dispositions automated systems attempt to generate, it is key to understand how automated systems relate to the environments in which they operate. Developing Lin et al.’s important arguments around dispositions towards automation, this short response suggests the concept of disposition can be broadened to think about non-human dispositions more widely. To do this, the response forwards the notion of environmental disposition; a kind of fundamental state that all entities find themselves in, whereby entities are compelled to enter a more or less provisional position or grounding in an environment or milieu.
要全面考虑自动化系统试图生成的配置,了解自动化系统如何与它们运行的环境相关联是关键。发展Lin等人关于自动化倾向的重要论点,这个简短的回答表明倾向的概念可以被扩展到更广泛地考虑非人类倾向。为此,回应提出了环境处置的概念;一种所有实体都处于的基本状态,在这种状态下,实体被迫进入一个或多或少临时的位置,或在一个环境或环境中扎根。
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引用次数: 1
Theorising urban development in China: ‘State entrepreneurialism’ from the ground up 中国城市发展的理论化:从头到尾的“国家企业家主义”
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231174638
Fulong Wu
Instead of generating a grand theory from urban China, I have a rather modest aim – how we might use the political-economic perspective to better understand China's urban development politics. Rather than treating empirical materials and theoretical insights as discrete entities, describing China should itself be regarded as a process of theorisation, contributing to a more global Urban Studies. We illustrate how ‘state entrepreneurialism’, as a quite peculiar form of governance, is generated from the conjunctural development of global capitalism and its crises. Hence, the role of the state is not a starting point for theoretical enquiry but rather a historical and material development of China's political economy.
我没有从中国城市产生一个宏大的理论,而是有一个相当温和的目标——我们如何利用政治经济学的视角来更好地理解中国的城市发展政治。与其将经验材料和理论见解视为离散的实体,不如将描述中国本身视为一个理论化的过程,为更全球化的城市研究做出贡献。我们展示了“国家创业主义”作为一种非常特殊的治理形式,是如何从全球资本主义及其危机的共同发展中产生的。因此,国家的作用不是理论探究的起点,而是中国政治经济的历史和物质发展。
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引用次数: 5
Seven thoughts on seven ethics 七种道德的七种思想
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231171209
Kimberley Peters
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引用次数: 0
Inhabiting the extensions 居住在扩展区
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231168896
AbdouMaliq Simone, D. Somda, Giulia Torino, Miya Irawati, N. R, Nitin Bathla, Rodrigo Castriota, Simone Vegliò, Tanya Chandra
Across the different vernaculars of the world's urban majorities, there is renewed bewilderment as to what is going on in the cities in which they reside and frequently self-build. Prices are unaffordable and they are either pushed out or strongly lured away from central locations. Work is increasingly temporary, if available at all, and there is often just too much labour involved to keep lives viably in place. Not only do they look for affordability and new opportunities at increasingly distant suburbs and hinterlands, but for orientations, for ways of reading where things are heading, increasingly hedging their bets across multiple locations and affiliations. Coming together to write this piece from our own multiple orientations, we are eight researchers who, over the past year, joined to consider how variegated trajectories of expansion unsettle the current logics of city-making. We have used the notion of extensions as a way of thinking about operating in the middle of things, as both a reflection of and a way of dealing with this unsettling. An unsettling that disrupts clear designations of points of departure and arrival, of movement and settlement, of centre and periphery, of time and space.
在世界上大多数城市的不同方言中,对于他们居住并经常自建的城市正在发生的事情,人们再次感到困惑。房价高得让人无法承受,他们要么被赶出市中心,要么被强烈吸引离开市中心。工作变得越来越临时,如果有的话,而且经常有太多的劳动涉及到维持生活的地方。他们不仅在越来越遥远的郊区和内陆地区寻找负担得起的新机会,而且还在寻找方向,寻找了解事物发展方向的方式,越来越多地在多个地点和隶属关系中对冲他们的赌注。我们这八位研究人员,在过去的一年里,从我们自己的多个方向出发,共同撰写了这篇文章,他们共同思考了城市扩张的多样化轨迹是如何扰乱当前城市建设的逻辑的。我们使用扩展的概念作为一种思考在事物中间运作的方式,作为一种反映和处理这种不安的方式。这种不安扰乱了出发和到达点、运动和定居点、中心和外围、时间和空间的明确指定。
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引用次数: 4
Building decolonial climate justice movements: Four tensions 建立非殖民气候正义运动:四种紧张关系
IF 27.5 1区 社会学 Q1 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2023-05-08 DOI: 10.1177/20438206231174629
M. Simpson, Alejandra Pizarro Choy
Prevailing approaches to resolving the climate crisis further entrench and extend the same institutions of racial capitalism and colonial domination which have precipitated this crisis. The need to build transformative movements to fight for climate justice is dire. Yet, transformative movements are inevitably structured by many of the same dynamics they oppose. This presents a risk that such movements may reproduce colonial or otherwise unjust relations in the worlds they seek to bring about. We point to four areas of tension where we see this dilemma playing out within efforts to build decolonial climate justice movements, and briefly discuss some questions that arise for scholars committed to this work.
解决气候危机的普遍方法进一步巩固和扩展了引发这场危机的种族资本主义和殖民统治制度。迫切需要建立变革运动来争取气候正义。然而,变革运动不可避免地由他们所反对的许多相同的动力构成。这就带来了一种风险,即这些运动可能会在他们试图带来的世界上重现殖民主义或其他不公正的关系。我们指出了四个紧张的领域,在这些领域中,我们看到了在建立非殖民化气候正义运动的努力中出现的这种困境,并简要讨论了致力于这项工作的学者们面临的一些问题。
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引用次数: 1
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Dialogues in Human Geography
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