Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1988694
Wanglin Ma, Hongyun Zheng
ABSTRACT Car ownership and tourism participation rates are relatively lower in developing countries than in developed countries, challenging economic development equality. This research note contributes to the literature by investigating whether car ownership motivates the tourism participation of people residing in developing countries, using China as a study example. We employ a rigorous recursive bivariate probit model to estimate the 2018 China Family Panel Studies data and account for rural-urban differentials. Findings show that car ownership increases the probabilities of tourism participation among rural and urban households by 26% and 35%, respectively. We also find that car owners in rural and urban households averagely spend 4,457 and 11,065 Yuan/capita more on tourism than their counterparts without owning cars. Therefore, at least in China, policy instruments that increase car ownership would promote residents’ tourism participation, which induces a high quality of life.
{"title":"Does Car Ownership Motivate Tourism Participation? Evidence from a Developing Country","authors":"Wanglin Ma, Hongyun Zheng","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1988694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1988694","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Car ownership and tourism participation rates are relatively lower in developing countries than in developed countries, challenging economic development equality. This research note contributes to the literature by investigating whether car ownership motivates the tourism participation of people residing in developing countries, using China as a study example. We employ a rigorous recursive bivariate probit model to estimate the 2018 China Family Panel Studies data and account for rural-urban differentials. Findings show that car ownership increases the probabilities of tourism participation among rural and urban households by 26% and 35%, respectively. We also find that car owners in rural and urban households averagely spend 4,457 and 11,065 Yuan/capita more on tourism than their counterparts without owning cars. Therefore, at least in China, policy instruments that increase car ownership would promote residents’ tourism participation, which induces a high quality of life.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"481 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46252871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-12DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1988693
C. Ampumuza, M. Duineveld, René van der Duim
ABSTRACT Starting from an Actor-network Theory (ANT) inspired relational perspective on object formation and material agency, this article analyses the controversies about plans to pave the Ruhija road through Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (Uganda). Based on interviews, ethnographic observations, and analysis of relevant documents, we examine the multiple ways in which the Ruhija road is enacted and objectified in conservation, tourism, and planning practices. We further show how these different objectifications of the Ruhija road not only led to enduring conflicts but also contributed to postponing the plans to pave the road. We argue that improving traction of the road pacified the conflicts. The partial solidification of the muddiest parts of the road unintentionally matched with the different “road realities” of the actors involved. Our analysis shows how the vibrancy of materiality is always relational, and can only be understood by taking into account the context of their objectification.
{"title":"Material Pacification: How a Conflict Over Paving Uganda’s Tourism Road Got Accidentally Resolved","authors":"C. Ampumuza, M. Duineveld, René van der Duim","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1988693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1988693","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Starting from an Actor-network Theory (ANT) inspired relational perspective on object formation and material agency, this article analyses the controversies about plans to pave the Ruhija road through Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (Uganda). Based on interviews, ethnographic observations, and analysis of relevant documents, we examine the multiple ways in which the Ruhija road is enacted and objectified in conservation, tourism, and planning practices. We further show how these different objectifications of the Ruhija road not only led to enduring conflicts but also contributed to postponing the plans to pave the road. We argue that improving traction of the road pacified the conflicts. The partial solidification of the muddiest parts of the road unintentionally matched with the different “road realities” of the actors involved. Our analysis shows how the vibrancy of materiality is always relational, and can only be understood by taking into account the context of their objectification.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"440 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42150598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1984287
Paola Lohmann, Filipa Brandão, C. Rodrigues, D. Zouain
ABSTRACT The premise of the quadruple helix is the interaction between academia, the private sector, public management, and civil society to benefit territorial innovation. This study aims to investigate the extent to which the components of the quadruple helix are used as an instrument of tourism innovation in a destination after a major sport event. To this end, a quantitative survey was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, with 248 representatives of these ecosystems, three years after hosting the Olympic Games. The results indicate that there is a significant gap between these actors in tourism innovation and towards the solution of local problems. It is intended not only to cover an empirical gap in tourism innovation research to but also to point out that it is urgent to stimulate stronger integration of innovation ecosystems, especially private sector, and civil society, in order to increase the competitiveness of tourism destinations.
{"title":"The Quadruple Helix as a Tool for Innovation in Tourism: A Study in the City of Rio de Janeiro in the Post-Olympic Period","authors":"Paola Lohmann, Filipa Brandão, C. Rodrigues, D. Zouain","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1984287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1984287","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The premise of the quadruple helix is the interaction between academia, the private sector, public management, and civil society to benefit territorial innovation. This study aims to investigate the extent to which the components of the quadruple helix are used as an instrument of tourism innovation in a destination after a major sport event. To this end, a quantitative survey was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, with 248 representatives of these ecosystems, three years after hosting the Olympic Games. The results indicate that there is a significant gap between these actors in tourism innovation and towards the solution of local problems. It is intended not only to cover an empirical gap in tourism innovation research to but also to point out that it is urgent to stimulate stronger integration of innovation ecosystems, especially private sector, and civil society, in order to increase the competitiveness of tourism destinations.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"62 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48219972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-27DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1980093
M. D. Vidal, Priscila Maria da Costa Santos, M. Parise, M. D. P. S. R. Chaves
ABSTRACT The tourism to feeding Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) is the main attraction of the Anavilhanas National Park. However, food supply to wild animals can promote changes in behavior, social structure, reproduction, and parental care. In order to stimulate less impactful interactions between tourists and dolphins, this work had as objective to identify the main areas of occurrence of I. geoffrensis and tucuxis (Sotalia fluviatilis), indicating places for observation of these animals, without the need for supplying food. Through a participatory mapping and population survey, we conclude that dolphins use a wide variety of environments but are found mainly in the morning and near riverbanks. In areas with higher densities of juvenile and calve individuals, we indicate that dolphin-watching only occurs through non-motorized vessels, while in areas with higher densities of adults, motorized nautical tourism can be performed under a series of rules to reduce possible negative impacts on animals.
{"title":"From Food Supply to Contemplation: Proposition of Areas for Dolphin-Watching Tourism in the Anavilhanas National Park, Brazil","authors":"M. D. Vidal, Priscila Maria da Costa Santos, M. Parise, M. D. P. S. R. Chaves","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1980093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1980093","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tourism to feeding Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) is the main attraction of the Anavilhanas National Park. However, food supply to wild animals can promote changes in behavior, social structure, reproduction, and parental care. In order to stimulate less impactful interactions between tourists and dolphins, this work had as objective to identify the main areas of occurrence of I. geoffrensis and tucuxis (Sotalia fluviatilis), indicating places for observation of these animals, without the need for supplying food. Through a participatory mapping and population survey, we conclude that dolphins use a wide variety of environments but are found mainly in the morning and near riverbanks. In areas with higher densities of juvenile and calve individuals, we indicate that dolphin-watching only occurs through non-motorized vessels, while in areas with higher densities of adults, motorized nautical tourism can be performed under a series of rules to reduce possible negative impacts on animals.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"1121 - 1139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42811446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Geopark has exceptionally touristic values and now becoming an important geotourism attraction. However, geopark competitiveness is largely absent in geopark studies. The present study explores the competitive attributes of two UNESCO Global Geoparks in Asia namely Langkawi and Jeju based on the perspectives of international tourists and tourism practitioners. The mixed method study first used survey by measuring on seven dimensions namely nature & environment, man-made attraction, basic infrastructure, tourism infrastructure, culture & traditions, people's hospitality and safety & security. Samples include 256 and 286 international tourists to Jeju and Langkawi respectively. In-depth interviews were carried out with the tourism practitioners to compare on the competitive attributes of the islands. Using an Importance-Performance Analysis, thematic analysis and Joint Display, results underscore multi-faceted dimensions of tourism competitiveness of the two islands. This study advances the methodological approach in measuring destination competitiveness by integrating the perspectives of both tourists and tourism practitioners.
{"title":"Exploring Island Destination Competitiveness of Langkawi and Jeju UNESCO Global Geopark: Assessment from International Tourists and Tourism Practitioners","authors":"Hasrina Mustafa, Bahiyah Omar, Sharifah Nadiah Syed Mukhiar, Ounjoung Park, Waffa Wahida Zainol","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1979637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1979637","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Geopark has exceptionally touristic values and now becoming an important geotourism attraction. However, geopark competitiveness is largely absent in geopark studies. The present study explores the competitive attributes of two UNESCO Global Geoparks in Asia namely Langkawi and Jeju based on the perspectives of international tourists and tourism practitioners. The mixed method study first used survey by measuring on seven dimensions namely nature & environment, man-made attraction, basic infrastructure, tourism infrastructure, culture & traditions, people's hospitality and safety & security. Samples include 256 and 286 international tourists to Jeju and Langkawi respectively. In-depth interviews were carried out with the tourism practitioners to compare on the competitive attributes of the islands. Using an Importance-Performance Analysis, thematic analysis and Joint Display, results underscore multi-faceted dimensions of tourism competitiveness of the two islands. This study advances the methodological approach in measuring destination competitiveness by integrating the perspectives of both tourists and tourism practitioners.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"1054 - 1081"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49337144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1980094
Francesc González-Reverté
ABSTRACT Having Barcelona as a case study, within a framework of stimulus-overload and attribution theory, this paper is intended to analyse how residents’ opinion towards overtourism is shaped by emotional response factors. For this purpose, a survey of 450 Barcelona residents was launched to detect emotional reactions to tourism development. Using a psycho-social approach to residents’ responses, the study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the overtourism phenomenon. Through the use of a cluster analysis three types of residents were identified: (1) Tourism supporters, who show a tourism-acceptance response ; (2) Tourism-opposed residents, who show tourism-rejecting, tourism-phobic attitudes t; and (3) Neutral residents, who show emotional indifference in their response. The study provide empirical evidence that residents’ attitude towards tourism is different, and suggests that crowding is the key factor explaining the residents’ negative emotional responses towards tourism, and that proximity to crowded neighbourhoods results in a higher stress.
{"title":"The Perception of Overtourism in Urban Destinations. Empirical Evidence based on Residents’ Emotional Response","authors":"Francesc González-Reverté","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1980094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1980094","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Having Barcelona as a case study, within a framework of stimulus-overload and attribution theory, this paper is intended to analyse how residents’ opinion towards overtourism is shaped by emotional response factors. For this purpose, a survey of 450 Barcelona residents was launched to detect emotional reactions to tourism development. Using a psycho-social approach to residents’ responses, the study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the overtourism phenomenon. Through the use of a cluster analysis three types of residents were identified: (1) Tourism supporters, who show a tourism-acceptance response ; (2) Tourism-opposed residents, who show tourism-rejecting, tourism-phobic attitudes t; and (3) Neutral residents, who show emotional indifference in their response. The study provide empirical evidence that residents’ attitude towards tourism is different, and suggests that crowding is the key factor explaining the residents’ negative emotional responses towards tourism, and that proximity to crowded neighbourhoods results in a higher stress.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"451 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45284700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1958914
C. León, E. Giannakis, G. Zittis, D. Serghides, Y. Lam-González, Carmen García
ABSTRACT The tourism sector is recognised as being highly vulnerable to climate change, and research is still considered scarce to support destinations to enhance resilience capacities. This study aims to analyse tourists’ preferences for adaptation measures that can be implemented at coastal destinations to face climate risks. To this aim, 258 questionnaires were completed by tourists visiting Cyprus in the summer of 2019. Tourists were posed with hypothetical situations where several climate risks occur at the destination, and were asked to choose between alternative combinations of policies to counteract these impacts. Results indicate that the programs related to beach protection, heat waves amelioration, water supply and infectious diseases prevention are the most valued by tourists. The study provides recommendations aimed at being useful for all coastal destinations, highlighting the importance of climate-related preparedness and adaptive capacities to enhance the tourist experience value and promote economic impact.
{"title":"Tourists’ Preferences for Adaptation Measures to Build Climate Resilience at Coastal Destinations. Evidence from Cyprus","authors":"C. León, E. Giannakis, G. Zittis, D. Serghides, Y. Lam-González, Carmen García","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1958914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1958914","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The tourism sector is recognised as being highly vulnerable to climate change, and research is still considered scarce to support destinations to enhance resilience capacities. This study aims to analyse tourists’ preferences for adaptation measures that can be implemented at coastal destinations to face climate risks. To this aim, 258 questionnaires were completed by tourists visiting Cyprus in the summer of 2019. Tourists were posed with hypothetical situations where several climate risks occur at the destination, and were asked to choose between alternative combinations of policies to counteract these impacts. Results indicate that the programs related to beach protection, heat waves amelioration, water supply and infectious diseases prevention are the most valued by tourists. The study provides recommendations aimed at being useful for all coastal destinations, highlighting the importance of climate-related preparedness and adaptive capacities to enhance the tourist experience value and promote economic impact.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"973 - 999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21568316.2021.1958914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41387528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-27DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1958915
S. Slocum
ABSTRACT Belarus is facing unprecedented conflict as it attempts to shed its communist ideals and move towards a free society. This paper investigates the challenges facing Belarus in negotiating its identity, specifically in the realm of tourism management and marketing. Using a destination competitiveness model, this paper attempts to highlight the realities within its governance system, including the division of labor of management responsibilities, the focus on command-and-control administrative philosophies, and inadequate tourism knowledge that has led to one of the lowest visitation rates in Europe and declining tourism receipts. Qualitative interviews and informal gatherings, coupled with previous literature on Belarus, informs this research. Results show that Belarus is in a first-generational stage of management, yet is moving from a market-based approach to a resource-based development and marketing sphere. The primary barrier to tourism development lies in the bureaucratic top-down structure, tightly controlled function, and management focus inherent its Soviet history.
{"title":"The Influence of Government Controlled DMOs on Destination Competitiveness: the Case of Belarus","authors":"S. Slocum","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1958915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1958915","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 Belarus is facing unprecedented conflict as it attempts to shed its communist ideals and move towards a free society. This paper investigates the challenges facing Belarus in negotiating its identity, specifically in the realm of tourism management and marketing. Using a destination competitiveness model, this paper attempts to highlight the realities within its governance system, including the division of labor of management responsibilities, the focus on command-and-control administrative philosophies, and inadequate tourism knowledge that has led to one of the lowest visitation rates in Europe and declining tourism receipts. Qualitative interviews and informal gatherings, coupled with previous literature on Belarus, informs this research. Results show that Belarus is in a first-generational stage of management, yet is moving from a market-based approach to a resource-based development and marketing sphere. The primary barrier to tourism development lies in the bureaucratic top-down structure, tightly controlled function, and management focus inherent its Soviet history.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"870 - 884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21568316.2021.1958915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45542847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-26DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1958916
C. Nguyen, Thanh Dinh Su
ABSTRACT This study investigates how international tourism influences economic vulnerability for 69 economies, consisting of 36 low- and lower-middle-income economies (LMEs), and 33 upper-middle-income and high-income economies (UHEs). By applying assorted panel data estimations, the study finds that, first, international tourism increases the economic vulnerability of destination countries, and second, an analysis of two subsamples confirms the increasing effect of international tourism on economic vulnerability for UHEs. Surprisingly, the ratio of visitor spending to GDP impacts economic vulnerability negatively in LMEs, while the effect of the ratio of visitor spending to exports is positive. Some important policy implications have been raised. Lastly, the results have been checked for robustness by different estimators and strategies.
{"title":"The Vulnerability Effect of International Tourism on a Destination’s Economy","authors":"C. Nguyen, Thanh Dinh Su","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1958916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1958916","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigates how international tourism influences economic vulnerability for 69 economies, consisting of 36 low- and lower-middle-income economies (LMEs), and 33 upper-middle-income and high-income economies (UHEs). By applying assorted panel data estimations, the study finds that, first, international tourism increases the economic vulnerability of destination countries, and second, an analysis of two subsamples confirms the increasing effect of international tourism on economic vulnerability for UHEs. Surprisingly, the ratio of visitor spending to GDP impacts economic vulnerability negatively in LMEs, while the effect of the ratio of visitor spending to exports is positive. Some important policy implications have been raised. Lastly, the results have been checked for robustness by different estimators and strategies.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"479 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21568316.2021.1958916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43643288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2021.1945674
E. A. Mensah, K. Boakye
ABSTRACT The hospitality, travel, tourism, and events industry remains one of the hardest-hit casualties of the COVID-19 pandemic. This conceptual paper examines responses to COVID-19 by the government of Ghana and its implication for tourism businesses. It discusses weaknesses exposed, and lessons learned by practitioners because of COVID-19. The paper discusses the lack of a centralized database, lack of insurance, and insufficient financial reserves which have left the industry vulnerable in the wake of the pandemic. Based on these, the paper proposes that the Ghanaian tourism industry be sustained by the use of digitalization, social media, and a revived domestic tourism industry. The paper recommends a three-step recovery model based on the reinvention of domestic tourism and concludes by highlighting the possible transformation of the industry as well as the need for a concerted, all-encompassing effort by traditional and non-traditional stakeholders to ensure the recovery of the industry.
{"title":"Conceptualizing Post-COVID 19 Tourism Recovery: A Three-Step Framework","authors":"E. A. Mensah, K. Boakye","doi":"10.1080/21568316.2021.1945674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2021.1945674","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hospitality, travel, tourism, and events industry remains one of the hardest-hit casualties of the COVID-19 pandemic. This conceptual paper examines responses to COVID-19 by the government of Ghana and its implication for tourism businesses. It discusses weaknesses exposed, and lessons learned by practitioners because of COVID-19. The paper discusses the lack of a centralized database, lack of insurance, and insufficient financial reserves which have left the industry vulnerable in the wake of the pandemic. Based on these, the paper proposes that the Ghanaian tourism industry be sustained by the use of digitalization, social media, and a revived domestic tourism industry. The paper recommends a three-step recovery model based on the reinvention of domestic tourism and concludes by highlighting the possible transformation of the industry as well as the need for a concerted, all-encompassing effort by traditional and non-traditional stakeholders to ensure the recovery of the industry.","PeriodicalId":47312,"journal":{"name":"Tourism Planning & Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"37 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21568316.2021.1945674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46974292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：