Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0003
G. Origgi
This chapter deals with the communicative aspect of reputation. It talks about how reputation circulates and through which social and linguistic mechanisms it can be stabilized. A reputation can be ephemeral while at other times it seems set in stone. Gossip, rumors, and informational cascades contribute to the background noise that characterizes the universal human discussion of who did what to whom. The chapter examines the essentially communicative dimension of reputation, such as its existence not only in the eyes of others but within the cascade of communicated words and speeches that others share among themselves. Reputations can occasionally be consciously and successfully manipulated. But this does little to reduce the general anxiety and uncertainty stemming from an ungovernable transmission and propagation of reputations, the risks of defamation, and the difficulty of restoring a reputation once it has been blackened by rumors and gossip.
{"title":"“Somebody Told Me,” or How Reputations Spread","authors":"G. Origgi","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with the communicative aspect of reputation. It talks about how reputation circulates and through which social and linguistic mechanisms it can be stabilized. A reputation can be ephemeral while at other times it seems set in stone. Gossip, rumors, and informational cascades contribute to the background noise that characterizes the universal human discussion of who did what to whom. The chapter examines the essentially communicative dimension of reputation, such as its existence not only in the eyes of others but within the cascade of communicated words and speeches that others share among themselves. Reputations can occasionally be consciously and successfully manipulated. But this does little to reduce the general anxiety and uncertainty stemming from an ungovernable transmission and propagation of reputations, the risks of defamation, and the difficulty of restoring a reputation once it has been blackened by rumors and gossip.","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"3 22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87638147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0002
G. Origgi
This chapter is devoted to the theoretical approaches to reputation developed in the different branches of social science that adopt the theory of rational choice. It answers the principal questions of whether reputation can be seen as a rational strategy or as a means to other ends or an end in itself. The chapter explores the various ways in which cultivating one's reputation, given the costs it imposes and the benefits it confers, can be a rational strategy. It examines how several most prominent social scientists approach the questions on reputation. It also treats explanations that synthesize evolutionary theory with rational-choice theory only as “theoretical models” useful for illuminating the conditions for the possibility of the emergence of a social trait, such as reputation.
{"title":"Is Reputation a Means or an End?","authors":"G. Origgi","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is devoted to the theoretical approaches to reputation developed in the different branches of social science that adopt the theory of rational choice. It answers the principal questions of whether reputation can be seen as a rational strategy or as a means to other ends or an end in itself. The chapter explores the various ways in which cultivating one's reputation, given the costs it imposes and the benefits it confers, can be a rational strategy. It examines how several most prominent social scientists approach the questions on reputation. It also treats explanations that synthesize evolutionary theory with rational-choice theory only as “theoretical models” useful for illuminating the conditions for the possibility of the emergence of a social trait, such as reputation.","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77997612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0001
G. Origgi
This chapter introduces the idea of reputation as a social ego, a second self that guides actions sometimes even against interests. It analyzes the functioning of the management of social self as a fundamental social and cognitive competence. All people have two egos, two selves. These parallel and distinguishable identities make up who people are and profoundly affect how they behave. One is subjectivity, consisting of proprioceptive experiences, the physical sensations registered in the body. The other is reputation, a reflection of people's selves that constitutes social identity and makes how they see themselves seen integral to self-awareness. At the beginning of the twentieth century, American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley called the second ego the “looking-glass self.” This second ego is woven over time from multiple strands, incorporating how people think others around them perceive and judge them.
{"title":"How I See Myself Seen","authors":"G. Origgi","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the idea of reputation as a social ego, a second self that guides actions sometimes even against interests. It analyzes the functioning of the management of social self as a fundamental social and cognitive competence. All people have two egos, two selves. These parallel and distinguishable identities make up who people are and profoundly affect how they behave. One is subjectivity, consisting of proprioceptive experiences, the physical sensations registered in the body. The other is reputation, a reflection of people's selves that constitutes social identity and makes how they see themselves seen integral to self-awareness. At the beginning of the twentieth century, American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley called the second ego the “looking-glass self.” This second ego is woven over time from multiple strands, incorporating how people think others around them perceive and judge them.","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83759343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0004
G. Origgi
This chapter introduces a set of tools from the social sciences, including social capital theory, the theory of networks, and the sociology of hierarchies. It explains how the mechanisms designed to evaluate reputations function and what makes them reliable. It also focuses on the assessment and reliability of reputations. People emit signals meant to convince others of the genuineness of their reputations. Similarly, all things, objects, ideas, and indeed everything that points beyond appearances to hidden qualities, emit signals that inform people more or less credibly that certain qualities really exist. The chapter also explains that reputation is the result not only of strategic positioning but also of the way in which such positioning is perceived by others.
{"title":"Assessing Uncertainty","authors":"G. Origgi","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces a set of tools from the social sciences, including social capital theory, the theory of networks, and the sociology of hierarchies. It explains how the mechanisms designed to evaluate reputations function and what makes them reliable. It also focuses on the assessment and reliability of reputations. People emit signals meant to convince others of the genuineness of their reputations. Similarly, all things, objects, ideas, and indeed everything that points beyond appearances to hidden qualities, emit signals that inform people more or less credibly that certain qualities really exist. The chapter also explains that reputation is the result not only of strategic positioning but also of the way in which such positioning is perceived by others.","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87756353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0009
G. Origgi
This chapter presents case studies of the way reputations are built at the university. If there is an institution that feeds on reputation, it is the academy. Prestige, notoriety, standing, and reputation reign supreme within its halls. Professors and scholars are not only more motivated by symbolic rewards than by economic interest. They also spend a great deal of time designing institutions whose primary purpose is the creation, maintenance, and evaluation of each other's reputation and eminence. Such rankings are sometimes even treated as if they were the most dependable hallmarks of the truth itself. The chapter shows how the very idea of an academic reputation changed radically after new systems for calibrating reputations came into their own.
{"title":"Academic Reputation, or Voluntary Epistemic Servitude","authors":"G. Origgi","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents case studies of the way reputations are built at the university. If there is an institution that feeds on reputation, it is the academy. Prestige, notoriety, standing, and reputation reign supreme within its halls. Professors and scholars are not only more motivated by symbolic rewards than by economic interest. They also spend a great deal of time designing institutions whose primary purpose is the creation, maintenance, and evaluation of each other's reputation and eminence. Such rankings are sometimes even treated as if they were the most dependable hallmarks of the truth itself. The chapter shows how the very idea of an academic reputation changed radically after new systems for calibrating reputations came into their own.","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86416531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0008
G. Origgi
This chapter includes case studies of the way reputations are built in the wine market. It explains that wine provides a paradigm for the role played by reputation in introducing novices to a new domain of taste. It observes adult novices in encountering for the first time a new cultural sphere that requires them to make value judgments. By restricting the discussion of newcomers to adults, the chapter avoids the kind of biases associated with deference to intellectual authority in the education of children. Adults being schooled for the first time in the world of wines find themselves facing a cultural domain strongly structured by landmarks about which they initially know nothing.
{"title":"Experts and Connoisseurs","authors":"G. Origgi","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter includes case studies of the way reputations are built in the wine market. It explains that wine provides a paradigm for the role played by reputation in introducing novices to a new domain of taste. It observes adult novices in encountering for the first time a new cultural sphere that requires them to make value judgments. By restricting the discussion of newcomers to adults, the chapter avoids the kind of biases associated with deference to intellectual authority in the education of children. Adults being schooled for the first time in the world of wines find themselves facing a cultural domain strongly structured by landmarks about which they initially know nothing.","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"33 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78546958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-12DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0006
G. Origgi
This chapter proposes the replacement of the idea of homo economicus as the ontologically fundamental unit of social science with the idea of homo comparativus. It explains the claim that reality can be perceived only through evaluative comparisons, eroding the traditional distinction between description and evaluation. The chapter also discusses and criticizes other philosophical approaches that put symbolic values similar to reputation at the center of the analysis of human action, including the economy of esteem defended by Geoffrey Brennan and Philip Pettit and Anthony Appiah's theory of honor. Honoring others is always a double-edged sword. Acts of deference signal something about both those who defer and those to whom deference is paid. This chapter talks about the measure of social consensus on the practices and norms of according esteem if people are to strike a proper balance between the need to satisfy personal preferences when granting respect to others and the demands of social conformity that drives people to recognize others in order to make themselves more “acceptable” to the peer group to which they belong.
{"title":"Homo Comparativus","authors":"G. Origgi","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196329.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter proposes the replacement of the idea of homo economicus as the ontologically fundamental unit of social science with the idea of homo comparativus. It explains the claim that reality can be perceived only through evaluative comparisons, eroding the traditional distinction between description and evaluation. The chapter also discusses and criticizes other philosophical approaches that put symbolic values similar to reputation at the center of the analysis of human action, including the economy of esteem defended by Geoffrey Brennan and Philip Pettit and Anthony Appiah's theory of honor. Honoring others is always a double-edged sword. Acts of deference signal something about both those who defer and those to whom deference is paid. This chapter talks about the measure of social consensus on the practices and norms of according esteem if people are to strike a proper balance between the need to satisfy personal preferences when granting respect to others and the demands of social conformity that drives people to recognize others in order to make themselves more “acceptable” to the peer group to which they belong.","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78571995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-06DOI: 10.1057/s41299-019-00090-0
Kati Suomi, Saila Saraniemi, Mervi Vähätalo, Tomi J. Kallio, Terhi Tevameri
{"title":"Employee Engagement and Internal Branding: Two Sides of the Same Coin?","authors":"Kati Suomi, Saila Saraniemi, Mervi Vähätalo, Tomi J. Kallio, Terhi Tevameri","doi":"10.1057/s41299-019-00090-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-019-00090-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"24 1","pages":"48 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/s41299-019-00090-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58613286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-22DOI: 10.1057/s41299-019-00086-w
Stefan Ivens, Mario Schaarschmidt, Raoul Könsgen
{"title":"When Employees Speak as They Like: Bad Mouthing in Social Media","authors":"Stefan Ivens, Mario Schaarschmidt, Raoul Könsgen","doi":"10.1057/s41299-019-00086-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-019-00086-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"24 1","pages":"1 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/s41299-019-00086-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58613064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1057/s41299-019-00088-8
J. M. Fernandez-Crehuet, J. Rosales-Salas, S. D. Cogollos
{"title":"Country’s International Reputation Index","authors":"J. M. Fernandez-Crehuet, J. Rosales-Salas, S. D. Cogollos","doi":"10.1057/s41299-019-00088-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-019-00088-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47317,"journal":{"name":"CORPORATE REPUTATION REVIEW","volume":"24 1","pages":"14 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1057/s41299-019-00088-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58613190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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