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The Missing Piece of the Puzzle: The EMASYA Protocol and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey 拼图的缺失部分:EMASYA协议和土耳其的军民关系
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211066570
Ayfer Genç Yılmaz
The civil-military relations literature on Turkey focuses predominantly on the guardianship role of the Turkish military, its interventions, and the role of the National Security Council as the main institutional mechanism of military tutelage. Yet, the existing studies lack a much-needed focus on the law enforcement or policing missions of the Turkish military. To fill this gap, this study discusses the EMASYA Protocol (Emniyet Asayiş Yardımlaşma or Security and Public Order Assistance), a secret protocol signed in 1997. Emerging in the context of political instability and military tutelage of the 1990s, the Protocol enabled the military to conduct internal security operations without permission from the civilian authorities. This paper argues that the EMASYA Protocol provided a sphere of “reformulated new professionalism” for the Turkish military, enabled it to specialize in the war against rising internal threats such as reactionary Islam and Kurdish separatism, and created anomalies in civil-military relations in Turkey.
关于土耳其军民关系的文献主要集中在土耳其军队的监护作用,它的干预,以及国家安全委员会作为军事监护的主要制度机制的作用。然而,现有的研究缺乏对土耳其军队的执法或警务任务的迫切关注。为了填补这一空白,本研究讨论了1997年签署的秘密协议EMASYA协议(Emniyet asayiul Yardımlaşma或安全与公共秩序援助)。《议定书》是在1990年代政治不稳定和军事监护的背景下产生的,它使军方能够在未经民政当局许可的情况下开展内部安全行动。本文认为,EMASYA议定书为土耳其军队提供了一个“重新制定的新专业主义”的领域,使其能够专门针对日益上升的内部威胁(如反动伊斯兰教和库尔德分离主义)的战争,并在土耳其的军民关系中创造了异常。
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引用次数: 0
Civil–Military Relations and Russia’s Post-Soviet Military Culture: A Belief System Analysis 军民关系与俄罗斯后苏联军事文化:一种信仰体系分析
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211062932
K. Shamiev
This article studies the role of military culture in defense policymaking. It focuses on Russia’s post-Soviet civil–military relations and military reform attempts. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Russia’s armed forces were in a state of despair. Despite having relative institutional autonomy, the military neither made itself more effective before minister Serdyukov nor tried to overthrow the government. The paper uses the advocacy coalition framework’s belief system approach to analyze data from military memoirs, parliamentary speeches, and 15 interviews. The research shows that the military’s support for institutional autonomy, combined with its elites’ self-serving bias, critically contributed to what I term an “imperfect equilibrium” in Russian civil–military relations: the military could not reform itself and fought back against radical, though necessary, changes imposed by civilian leadership.
本文研究了军事文化在国防决策中的作用。它关注的是俄罗斯后苏联时期的军民关系和军事改革尝试。苏联解体后,俄罗斯的武装力量处于绝望状态。尽管拥有相对的机构自主权,但在谢尔久科夫部长上任之前,军队既没有提高自己的效率,也没有试图推翻政府。本文使用倡导联盟框架的信念系统方法来分析来自军事回忆录,议会演讲和15个访谈的数据。研究表明,军队对机构自治的支持,再加上精英们自私自利的偏见,在很大程度上导致了我所说的俄罗斯文武关系中的“不完美平衡”:军队无法自我改革,也无法反击文官领导层强加的激进(尽管是必要的)变革。
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引用次数: 0
“You haven’t gone out and done anything”: Exploring Disabled Veterans Experiences in Higher Education “你什么都没出去做”:探索残疾退伍军人在高等教育中的经历
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211063920
Steven P. Cassidy, H. Albanesi
Through the analysis of 24 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, this study explored the process through which disability affects veterans’ experiences in the university classroom and their social relations with traditional students. Using inductive-exploratory qualitative methods, this study builds upon the sociological understanding of veterans’ experiences in higher education. Findings from this study tentatively suggest that while disability related fear/hypervigilance, stigma, and anxiety significantly impact veterans’ comfort levels when engaging with traditional students, veterans also externalize the impact of their disability as a social artifact of their military service. More research is needed to determine if the interaction of disability and artifacts of service decreases veterans’ ability to integrate well with traditional students in classroom settings.
本研究通过对24个深度、半结构化访谈的分析,探讨残疾影响退伍军人在大学课堂上的经历及其与传统学生的社会关系的过程。本研究采用归纳探索性质的方法,建立在对退伍军人高等教育经历的社会学理解的基础上。本研究的结果初步表明,虽然残疾相关的恐惧/过度警惕、耻辱和焦虑显著影响退伍军人在与传统学生交往时的舒适度,但退伍军人也将残疾的影响外化为服役的社会产物。需要更多的研究来确定残疾和服役文物的相互作用是否会降低退伍军人在课堂环境中与传统学生良好融合的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Managing Threats on the High Seas: The Role of Naval Bases on Reducing Maritime Piracy 管理公海上的威胁:海军基地在减少海盗中的作用
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211049462
Orlandrew E. Danzell, Jacob A. Mauslein, John D. Avelar
Weak coastal states often lack an adequate, sustained naval presence to monitor and police their territorial waters. Unpatrolled waters, both territorial and otherwise, may provide pirates with substantial financial opportunities that go far beyond any single country. Maritime piracy costs the global economy on average USD 24 billion per year. This research explores the impact of naval bases on acts of piracy to determine if naval presence can decrease the likelihood of piracy. To examine this important economic and national security issue, our research employs a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. We also rely upon a newly constructed time-series dataset for the years 1992–2018. Our study shows that the presence of naval bases is essential in helping maritime forces combat piracy. Policymakers searching for options to combat piracy should find the results of this study especially useful in creating prescriptive approaches that aid in solving offshore problems.
弱小的沿海国家往往缺乏足够的、持续的海军力量来监控和管理其领海。没有巡逻的水域,无论是领海还是其他海域,都可能为海盗提供大量的经济机会,这些机会远远超出了任何一个国家。海盗行为平均每年给全球经济造成240亿美元的损失。本研究探讨海军基地对海盗行为的影响,以确定海军存在是否可以减少海盗行为的可能性。为了检验这一重要的经济和国家安全问题,我们的研究采用了零膨胀负二项回归模型。我们还依赖于1992-2018年新构建的时间序列数据集。我们的研究表明,海军基地的存在对帮助海上部队打击海盗至关重要。寻求打击海盗的政策制定者应该会发现,这项研究的结果在制定有助于解决离岸问题的规范性方法方面特别有用。
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引用次数: 3
Finnish Military Officer Identities and Micro-Political Resistance 芬兰军官身份和微观政治抵抗
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-04 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211054116
Suvi Kouri
Drawing on the concept of micro-political resistance, this article presents an empirical analysis of how officers of the Finnish Defence Forces challenge, resist, and reinforce the collective military identities constructed within the prevailing organizational discourses. There is a need for identity work to meet the norms and ideals of the military, but individuals can also work as change agents. Micro-political resistance derives from feelings of otherness as well as conflict between the dominant organizational identities and individuals’ personal interests. This study presents a thematic discourse analysis based on texts written by 108 officers and 12 interviews on the theme of “the ideal soldier.” Three main discourses of micro-political resistance were identified: perceiving the profession of a military officer as a job like any other rather than a sacred calling, putting family first, and being oneself instead of embodying the traditional masculine ideal soldier.
根据微观政治抵抗的概念,本文对芬兰国防军军官如何挑战、抵抗和加强在主流组织话语中构建的集体军事身份进行了实证分析。有必要进行身份认同工作,以满足军队的规范和理想,但个人也可以作为变革的推动者。微观政治阻力来自于他者感以及主导组织身份与个人利益之间的冲突。本研究以108位军官和12位访谈为基础,以“理想军人”为主题,进行主题话语分析。微观政治抵抗的三种主要话语是:将军官职业视为与其他职业一样的工作,而不是神圣的召唤;将家庭放在第一位;做自己,而不是体现传统的男性理想士兵。
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引用次数: 0
Sexual Arenas, Alcohol (Ab)use, and Predatory Leadership: Facilitators of US Military Sexual Violence 性场所,酒精(Ab)的使用和掠夺性领导:美国军队性暴力的推动者
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211044526
Connie A. Buscha
Scholars argue that, historically, military women have not been considered equals to men in kinship and, therefore, have and will likely continue to experience more violence and greater fear of violence. The All-Volunteer Force (AVF) may even foster military sexual violence through sexual arenas in work-home spaces, alcohol (ab)use fueling sexual encounters between colleagues, and predatory leadership. This exploratory, grounded theory study captures insights of women veterans (n = 20) entering service between 1964 and 2016. Full inclusion is alleged, yet military women are objectified and “othered,” targets of sex-based attention, predation, and violence. From these data, military sexual violence (MSV) characterizes the AVF. To mitigate this, a renewed commitment to the US military’s historical ideal of altruistic care is necessary to realize the full inclusion of women and reduce if not eliminate military sexual violence.
学者们认为,从历史上看,女兵在亲属关系中并不被认为与男性平等,因此,她们可能会继续经历更多的暴力和对暴力的更大恐惧。全志愿军(AVF)甚至可能通过工作-家庭空间中的性场所、助长同事之间性接触的酒精(ab)使用以及掠夺性领导来助长军队性暴力。这项探索性的、扎根的理论研究捕捉了1964年至2016年间进入服役的女性退伍军人(n = 20)的见解。据称,女兵是完全包容的,但她们却被物化,被“排斥”,成为性别关注、掠夺和暴力的目标。从这些数据来看,军人性暴力(MSV)是AVF的特征。为了缓解这种情况,有必要重新致力于美国军方无私关怀的历史理想,以实现妇女的充分包容,减少(如果不能消除的话)军中的性暴力。
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引用次数: 1
The Utility of Janowitz’s Political Awareness in Officer Education 雅诺维茨政治意识在军官教育中的运用
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211046372
Suzanne C. Nielsen, Hugh Liebert
In the pages of this journal, Damon Coletta and Tom Crosbie published a response to our article entitled, “The Continuing Relevance of Morris Janowitz’s The Professional Soldier for the Education of Officers.” In that article, we argued that Janowitz’s emphasis on the need for political awareness in the U.S. military should receive greater attention in the education of today’s officer corps. Coletta and Crosbie suggest that we are too ready to abandon Samuel Huntington’s classic work, The Soldier and the State. In this continuation of that dialogue, we respond with three clarifications and three substantive disagreements. Huntington and Janowitz offer divergent perspectives on the issues of officer education and “political virtue,” we suggest, and Janowitz’s perspective deserves greater weight that it has traditionally received. Coletta and Crosbie also place greater emphasis on the separability of political and military affairs than is warranted, and Janowitz is more helpful here as well.
达蒙·科莱塔(Damon Coletta)和汤姆·克罗斯比(Tom Crosbie)在本刊发表了一篇文章,回应了我们的文章,题为“莫里斯·雅诺维茨(Morris Janowitz)的《职业军人与军官教育的持续相关性》。”在那篇文章中,我们认为Janowitz对美国军队政治意识的强调应该在当今军官队伍的教育中得到更多的关注。科莱塔和克罗斯比认为,我们太容易放弃塞缪尔·亨廷顿的经典作品《士兵与国家》。在这一对话的继续中,我们以三项澄清和三项实质性分歧作为回应。亨廷顿和雅诺维茨在军官教育和“政治美德”问题上提供了不同的观点,我们认为,雅诺维茨的观点应该比传统上得到更大的重视。科莱塔和克罗斯比也过分强调了政治和军事事务的可分离性,雅诺维茨在这方面也提供了更多帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Bridging the Gap? Ex-Military Personnel and Military–Civilian Transition Within the Prison Workforce 弥合差距?前军事人员和监狱劳动力中的军民过渡
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/0095327X211039879
Jennifer Turner, D. Moran
Prior research into military–civilian transition has suggested that the Prison Service may be a popular destination for Armed Forces leavers, but the experience of former military personnel within the prison system as prison staff (rather than as Veterans in Custody) has so far been overlooked. As a result, we know very little about their route into prison work. This article reports on a UK study investigating the experience of prison personnel who have previously served in the military and presents the first set of empirical evidence addressing these critical questions. Whilst our findings mirror prevailing assumptions of a relatively seamless transition to post-military careers (and, in particular, those within Protective Service Occupations), few had intended a career in prison work specifically. Such trajectories may influence personal military–civilian transitions, as well as job performance in prison work and, by extension, the everyday lives of prisoners and other prison staff.
先前对军民过渡的研究表明,监狱服务可能是武装部队退伍军人的热门目的地,但到目前为止,前军事人员在监狱系统内作为监狱工作人员(而不是作为在押退伍军人)的经历一直被忽视。因此,我们对他们进入监狱工作的途径知之甚少。本文报道了英国的一项研究,调查了以前在军队服役的监狱工作人员的经历,并提出了解决这些关键问题的第一组经验证据。虽然我们的研究结果反映了一种普遍的假设,即相对无缝地过渡到退役后的职业生涯(特别是那些在保护服务职业中的人),但很少有人专门打算在监狱工作。这种轨迹可能影响个人军民过渡,以及监狱工作中的工作表现,进而影响囚犯和其他监狱工作人员的日常生活。
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引用次数: 3
Book Review: of “Faithful Fighters: Identity and Power in the British Indian Army” 书评:《忠实的战士:英属印度军队的身份与权力》
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/0095327x211043148
Max Z. Margulies
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引用次数: 0
Acknowledgment of Reviewers 审稿人致谢
IF 1.4 3区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-09-11 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-77-24-Reviewers
A. Abedin, Bob Bolin, Albert Colas, R. Cornforth, Yuanyuan Deng, R. Djalante, Allen Dyer, L. Ekenberg, Mohammed S. Faisal, Elizabeth Ferris, G. Frenning, S. Fuchs, J. Gaillard, Xuejie Gao, Alexandru Georgescu, A. Gheorghe, G. Han, Ziqiang Han, Beibei Hu, Ronald Jackson, R. Kasperson, Giedrius Kaveckis, I. Kelman, B. Korf, R. Krishnamurthy, Mustafa Lamba, Philip Leopold, Bingqing Li, Xiubin Li, D. Lincke, E. Liu, Xinli Liu, Laurence Neufville, C. Ouyang, Kürşat Özdaşlı, Kurt Petersen, S. Platt, M. Sakamoto, J. P. Guerrero, David Smith, A. Solberg, Yan Sun, Aiping Tang, Zhenghong Tang, Denise Thompson, J. V. D. León, H. Virji, E. Visman, Jun Wang, Ming Wang, Jianping Wu, Saini Yang, Tao Ye, Bin Yu, Deyong Yu
The International Journal of Disaster Risk Science editors thank all the individuals who served as reviewers for the journal in 2015. Their support is deeply appreciated. MD Anwarul Abedin Bob Bolin Albert Colas Ros Cornforth Yu Deng Riyanti Djalante Allen Dyer Love Ekenberg Mohammed Faisal Elizabeth Ferris Göran Frenning Sven Fuchs JC Gaillard Xuejie Gao Alexandru Georgescu Adrian Gheorghe Guoyi Han Ziqiang Han Beibei Hu Ronald Jackson Roger Kasperson Giedrius Kaveckis Ilan Kelman Benedict Korf R. Krishnamurthy Mustafa Lamba Philip Leopold Bingqing Li Xiubin Li Daniel Lincke Enlong Liu Xinli Liu Laurence Neufville Chaojun Ouyang Kürşat Özdaşli Kurt Petersen Stephen Platt Maiko Sakamoto Jesus Salvador Pérez Guerrero David Smith Atle Solberg Yan Sun Aiping Tang Zhenghong Tang Denise Thompson Juan Villagran de Leon Hassan Virji Emma Visman Jun Wang Ming Wang Jianping Wu Saini Yang Tao Ye Bin Yu Deyong Yu
《国际灾害风险科学杂志》编辑感谢2015年担任该杂志审稿人的所有个人。我们对他们的支持深表感谢。MD Anwarul Abedin Bob Bolin Albert Colas Ros Cornforth Yu Deng Riyanti Djalante Allen Dyer Love Ekenberg Mohammed Faisal Elizabeth Ferris Göran Frenning Sven Fuchs JC Gaillard Xuejie高Alexandru Georgescu Adrian georghe Guoyi韩子强韩贝贝胡Ronald Jackson Roger Kasperson Giedrius Kaveckis Ilan Kelman本尼迪克Korf R. Krishnamurthy穆斯塔法·兰巴Philip Leopold Bingqing李秀彬Daniel linke Enlong刘欣丽Liu Laurence Neufville Chaojun欧阳k Özdaşli Kurt PetersenStephen Platt Maiko Sakamoto Jesus psamrez Guerrero David Smith Atle Solberg Yan孙爱萍唐正红Denise Thompson Juan Villagran de Leon Hassan Virji Emma Visman王明王建平吴思妮杨涛叶斌于德勇
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引用次数: 0
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Armed Forces & Society
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