Pub Date : 2022-12-24DOI: 10.1177/10538151221140322
Angel Fettig, C. Zulauf-McCurdy, Gounah Choi, Mischa McManus
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a worldwide disruption of education service systems. A significant gap has emerged in understanding the impact of these changes to both educational services and child development. The current qualitative study presents interviews with early childhood educators and parents to capture their experiences with educational service delivery for young children with disabilities during the pandemic. The study included nine early childhood educators and nine parents with children between the ages of 3 and 6 who received preschool special education services during the pandemic. Themes that emerged from the interviews include changes to the modality and intensity of services, barriers and challenges related to service delivery, and benefits resulting from shifts to educational services. All findings will be discussed with an eye toward informing future practice related to family-centered services.
{"title":"Qualitative Investigation of Educator and Parent Experiences of Education Services During COVID-19","authors":"Angel Fettig, C. Zulauf-McCurdy, Gounah Choi, Mischa McManus","doi":"10.1177/10538151221140322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221140322","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a worldwide disruption of education service systems. A significant gap has emerged in understanding the impact of these changes to both educational services and child development. The current qualitative study presents interviews with early childhood educators and parents to capture their experiences with educational service delivery for young children with disabilities during the pandemic. The study included nine early childhood educators and nine parents with children between the ages of 3 and 6 who received preschool special education services during the pandemic. Themes that emerged from the interviews include changes to the modality and intensity of services, barriers and challenges related to service delivery, and benefits resulting from shifts to educational services. All findings will be discussed with an eye toward informing future practice related to family-centered services.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43691456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.1177/10538151221142794
S. L. Alexander, M. Frederico, Maureen Long
This study explored how early childhood intervention (ECI) professionals could support the development of secure attachment in children with developmental delay or disability (DD) within the context of ECI in Australia. Secure parent–child attachment is conducive to the aims of ECI to enhance the development, well-being, and participation of children with DD. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was applied to collect and analyze data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with three parents and 18 professionals. Seven conceptual categories were selected: (a) Importance; (b) Challenges; (c) The System; (d) The Key Worker; (e) Assessment; (f) Strategies; and (g) Outcomes. Two dominant themes were identified: the quality of the relationship between the ECI professional and the family and self-regulation. An attachment-focused ECI framework is proposed, aligned with the ecological system model.
{"title":"Improving Attachment Security in Early Childhood Intervention: A Framework From Constructivist Grounded Theory","authors":"S. L. Alexander, M. Frederico, Maureen Long","doi":"10.1177/10538151221142794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221142794","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored how early childhood intervention (ECI) professionals could support the development of secure attachment in children with developmental delay or disability (DD) within the context of ECI in Australia. Secure parent–child attachment is conducive to the aims of ECI to enhance the development, well-being, and participation of children with DD. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was applied to collect and analyze data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with three parents and 18 professionals. Seven conceptual categories were selected: (a) Importance; (b) Challenges; (c) The System; (d) The Key Worker; (e) Assessment; (f) Strategies; and (g) Outcomes. Two dominant themes were identified: the quality of the relationship between the ECI professional and the family and self-regulation. An attachment-focused ECI framework is proposed, aligned with the ecological system model.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":"45 1","pages":"408 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49560919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-09DOI: 10.1177/10538151221141639
Sarah D. Wiegand, Jennifer A. Brown, Rebecca G. Lieberman-Betz
An early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can improve outcomes for children and assist families in accessing services. Part C providers are often tasked with screening for ASD. The purpose of this study was to survey Part C providers nationwide to understand their ASD screening practices and training needs and extend a survey conducted by Tomlin and colleagues. A total of 327 providers participated. Results indicated a majority of respondents (75.8%) screen for ASD using a variety of different measures, while only 26.9% are required by their program to conduct universal screenings. Most participants reported feeling confident in screening for ASD, discussing a child’s red flags with a family, referring a child for further evaluation, and discussing recent evidence surrounding ASD. An area where providers were less confident was working with interpreters to screen for ASD or discuss screening results and ASD with families with cultural or linguistic diversity. Despite high confidence levels in screening for ASD, a vast majority of participants reported they would be interested in attending a training on screening for ASD. Professional development surrounding screening for ASD and discussing ASD with families from diverse backgrounds may assist in improving Part C provider screening practices.
{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening Practices of Part C Early Intervention Providers: A Brief Report","authors":"Sarah D. Wiegand, Jennifer A. Brown, Rebecca G. Lieberman-Betz","doi":"10.1177/10538151221141639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221141639","url":null,"abstract":"An early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can improve outcomes for children and assist families in accessing services. Part C providers are often tasked with screening for ASD. The purpose of this study was to survey Part C providers nationwide to understand their ASD screening practices and training needs and extend a survey conducted by Tomlin and colleagues. A total of 327 providers participated. Results indicated a majority of respondents (75.8%) screen for ASD using a variety of different measures, while only 26.9% are required by their program to conduct universal screenings. Most participants reported feeling confident in screening for ASD, discussing a child’s red flags with a family, referring a child for further evaluation, and discussing recent evidence surrounding ASD. An area where providers were less confident was working with interpreters to screen for ASD or discuss screening results and ASD with families with cultural or linguistic diversity. Despite high confidence levels in screening for ASD, a vast majority of participants reported they would be interested in attending a training on screening for ASD. Professional development surrounding screening for ASD and discussing ASD with families from diverse backgrounds may assist in improving Part C provider screening practices.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41882993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1177/10538151221137799
Ashley Zitter, Venus David, L. Vismara, Elisabeth Sheridan, Sherira J. Fernandes, G. Vivanti
This pilot feasibility study applies the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework to examine the implementation and preliminary signals of the effectiveness of integrating the Group–Early Start Denver Model (G-ESDM) in an early childhood education center serving under-resourced communities. Five preschoolers diagnosed with autism, their caregivers, and teachers participated for 6 months. Standardized assessments documented improvements in adaptive, cognitive, and communication functioning for most participants. The majority of parents reported reduced daily stress and a greater ability to maintain their employment. A staff survey indicated high perceived feasibility and acceptability of the intervention along with a strong intent to continue treatment after the study concluded. Fidelity improved over time with staff integrating G-ESDM techniques at an acceptable fidelity level (>70%) by the second half of the study. Findings across all RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework domains indicate that incorporating the G-ESDM into this setting was feasible, acceptable, and potentially beneficial for children and their families in underserved communities.
{"title":"Implementation of the Group-ESDM in a Childcare Setting Serving Under-Resourced Communities","authors":"Ashley Zitter, Venus David, L. Vismara, Elisabeth Sheridan, Sherira J. Fernandes, G. Vivanti","doi":"10.1177/10538151221137799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221137799","url":null,"abstract":"This pilot feasibility study applies the RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework to examine the implementation and preliminary signals of the effectiveness of integrating the Group–Early Start Denver Model (G-ESDM) in an early childhood education center serving under-resourced communities. Five preschoolers diagnosed with autism, their caregivers, and teachers participated for 6 months. Standardized assessments documented improvements in adaptive, cognitive, and communication functioning for most participants. The majority of parents reported reduced daily stress and a greater ability to maintain their employment. A staff survey indicated high perceived feasibility and acceptability of the intervention along with a strong intent to continue treatment after the study concluded. Fidelity improved over time with staff integrating G-ESDM techniques at an acceptable fidelity level (>70%) by the second half of the study. Findings across all RE-AIM Implementation Science Framework domains indicate that incorporating the G-ESDM into this setting was feasible, acceptable, and potentially beneficial for children and their families in underserved communities.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":"45 1","pages":"343 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43516990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1177/10538151221137801
Kaitlin K. Moran, M. Sheppard
Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education (EI/ECSE) are critical services for children with disabilities and their families. Urban areas are charged with providing EI/ECSE services to a large number of children, who come from diverse racial, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds, and whose parents may or may not have economic resources. To better understand the nuances of EI/ECSE systems in urban contexts, we interviewed stakeholders in a large Mid-Atlantic U.S. city, examining the process of accessing EI/ECSE. We interviewed parents, medical professionals, early care providers, and special education personnel, and reviewed and analyzed artifacts using content analysis to inform the research questions and verify findings. Findings showed a strained system with both structural and situational challenges, specifically for families from diverse backgrounds.
{"title":"Finding the On Ramp: Accessing Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education in an Urban Setting","authors":"Kaitlin K. Moran, M. Sheppard","doi":"10.1177/10538151221137801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221137801","url":null,"abstract":"Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education (EI/ECSE) are critical services for children with disabilities and their families. Urban areas are charged with providing EI/ECSE services to a large number of children, who come from diverse racial, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds, and whose parents may or may not have economic resources. To better understand the nuances of EI/ECSE systems in urban contexts, we interviewed stakeholders in a large Mid-Atlantic U.S. city, examining the process of accessing EI/ECSE. We interviewed parents, medical professionals, early care providers, and special education personnel, and reviewed and analyzed artifacts using content analysis to inform the research questions and verify findings. Findings showed a strained system with both structural and situational challenges, specifically for families from diverse backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47272564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.1177/10538151221137806
A. Duncan, Collin Shepley
For decades, researchers and providers of adult-directed early behavioral intervention services have made conceptual arguments linking the receipt of such services to improvements in family and family member quality of life. To date, there has not been a review of the literature to empirically evaluate this claim. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and identified 15 studies contributing 40 effect sizes to evaluate the relationship between the receipt of early behavioral intervention and family quality of life. Our analyses did not detect that there was a robust and meaningful difference in the quality of life of families with a child that did and did not receive early behavioral intervention. Considerations to inform future research are presented; and implications are discussed with respect to parents, pediatricians, providers, and those involved in the public dissemination of evidence-based treatments for individuals with autism.
{"title":"Does Adult-Directed Early Behavioral Intervention Improve Family Quality of Life? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"A. Duncan, Collin Shepley","doi":"10.1177/10538151221137806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221137806","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, researchers and providers of adult-directed early behavioral intervention services have made conceptual arguments linking the receipt of such services to improvements in family and family member quality of life. To date, there has not been a review of the literature to empirically evaluate this claim. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and identified 15 studies contributing 40 effect sizes to evaluate the relationship between the receipt of early behavioral intervention and family quality of life. Our analyses did not detect that there was a robust and meaningful difference in the quality of life of families with a child that did and did not receive early behavioral intervention. Considerations to inform future research are presented; and implications are discussed with respect to parents, pediatricians, providers, and those involved in the public dissemination of evidence-based treatments for individuals with autism.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":"45 1","pages":"324 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43417071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1177/10538151221131515
D. LaForett, R. Salomon, Julee B. Waldrop, M. Martínez, Marcia A. Mandel, A. Wheeler, K. Okoniewski, L. Beeber
This article examined the associations between family processes and children’s development among mothers and their children participating in early intervention (EI) services. Data from mothers and their infants and toddlers (n = 100) participating in EI were analyzed using regression methods to test the predictive power of maternal depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and quality of mother–child interactions on children’s behavior problems and social and emotional competence. Mother–child interactions were the most robust predictor of child behavior problems and competence. The presence of clinically elevated maternal depressive symptoms was high (30%) and associated with more child behavior problems. Stronger endorsement of self-efficacy also was related to higher levels of child social and emotional competence. We discuss our findings related to opportunities and challenges to support mothers experiencing depressive symptoms. EI services that strive toward an integrated approach could identify mothers with depressive symptoms and play an increased role in directly addressing their needs.
{"title":"Examining Family Process among Infants and Toddlers and Implications for Maternal–Child Intervention","authors":"D. LaForett, R. Salomon, Julee B. Waldrop, M. Martínez, Marcia A. Mandel, A. Wheeler, K. Okoniewski, L. Beeber","doi":"10.1177/10538151221131515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221131515","url":null,"abstract":"This article examined the associations between family processes and children’s development among mothers and their children participating in early intervention (EI) services. Data from mothers and their infants and toddlers (n = 100) participating in EI were analyzed using regression methods to test the predictive power of maternal depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and quality of mother–child interactions on children’s behavior problems and social and emotional competence. Mother–child interactions were the most robust predictor of child behavior problems and competence. The presence of clinically elevated maternal depressive symptoms was high (30%) and associated with more child behavior problems. Stronger endorsement of self-efficacy also was related to higher levels of child social and emotional competence. We discuss our findings related to opportunities and challenges to support mothers experiencing depressive symptoms. EI services that strive toward an integrated approach could identify mothers with depressive symptoms and play an increased role in directly addressing their needs.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":"45 1","pages":"306 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42104483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.1177/10538151221137796
Elizabeth A. Pokorski, Mollie J. Todt, Kelly C. Willard, E. Barton, Ana Paula Martinez, B. Lloyd
Functional communication training (FCT) is an evidence-based intervention that while often effective, can result in rote responding, reduced generalizability of target behavior, and resurgence of challenging behavior (CB) during treatment lapses. Lag schedules of reinforcement have been successfully used to address these concerns. We applied an increasing lag schedule within FCT to increase the variability and persistence of appropriate responding of four young children with disabilities while maintaining low levels of CB during treatment. Our results provide evidence regarding the effects of lag reinforcement on appropriate communication and CB during treatment and lapses in treatment with children with autism and Down syndrome. This research provides a new perspective to the field given, we assessed functional communication during baseline, assessed generalization to new contexts, and assessed social validity via both masked raters and participants’ mothers. We discuss the implications of this work and provide future directions for researcher and practice.
{"title":"Effects of Lag Schedules of Reinforcement on Variable Manding in Preschoolers With Disabilities","authors":"Elizabeth A. Pokorski, Mollie J. Todt, Kelly C. Willard, E. Barton, Ana Paula Martinez, B. Lloyd","doi":"10.1177/10538151221137796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221137796","url":null,"abstract":"Functional communication training (FCT) is an evidence-based intervention that while often effective, can result in rote responding, reduced generalizability of target behavior, and resurgence of challenging behavior (CB) during treatment lapses. Lag schedules of reinforcement have been successfully used to address these concerns. We applied an increasing lag schedule within FCT to increase the variability and persistence of appropriate responding of four young children with disabilities while maintaining low levels of CB during treatment. Our results provide evidence regarding the effects of lag reinforcement on appropriate communication and CB during treatment and lapses in treatment with children with autism and Down syndrome. This research provides a new perspective to the field given, we assessed functional communication during baseline, assessed generalization to new contexts, and assessed social validity via both masked raters and participants’ mothers. We discuss the implications of this work and provide future directions for researcher and practice.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":"45 1","pages":"370 - 390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.1177/10538151221131514
Lillian Durán, Lauren M. Cycyk, Ruby Batz
The Individual with Disabilities Education Act specifies that families should be include in the special education process and they must provide informed consent. However, families from Spanish-speaking backgrounds, often report barriers to participation. In this study, we provided a forum for Spanish-speaking families to tell their stories using multiple methods to uncover the experiences of 39 Latine caregivers of young children with disabilities. Family experiences reported on a survey and during focus groups are summarized in three areas: evaluation, eligibility determination, and service provision. While most families agreed on surveys that they were satisfied with EI/ECSE practices in their child’s case, during focus groups families frequently described reduced access to information about EI/ECSE, lack of support for the home language, feeling excluded from their child’s educational planning, and, in some cases, delays in services. Families also shared the importance of self-advocacy in EI/ECSE and the value of support from community advocates, including EI/ECSE professionals. Implications for policy and practice are presented.
{"title":"Voces de la Gente: Spanish-Speaking Families’ Perspectives on Early Childhood Special Education","authors":"Lillian Durán, Lauren M. Cycyk, Ruby Batz","doi":"10.1177/10538151221131514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221131514","url":null,"abstract":"The Individual with Disabilities Education Act specifies that families should be include in the special education process and they must provide informed consent. However, families from Spanish-speaking backgrounds, often report barriers to participation. In this study, we provided a forum for Spanish-speaking families to tell their stories using multiple methods to uncover the experiences of 39 Latine caregivers of young children with disabilities. Family experiences reported on a survey and during focus groups are summarized in three areas: evaluation, eligibility determination, and service provision. While most families agreed on surveys that they were satisfied with EI/ECSE practices in their child’s case, during focus groups families frequently described reduced access to information about EI/ECSE, lack of support for the home language, feeling excluded from their child’s educational planning, and, in some cases, delays in services. Families also shared the importance of self-advocacy in EI/ECSE and the value of support from community advocates, including EI/ECSE professionals. Implications for policy and practice are presented.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":"45 1","pages":"285 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49489243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1177/10538151221127909
E. Steed, Rachel Stein, Renee Charlifue-Smith
This study utilized a mixed methods design to analyze responses from a nationally distributed survey of professionals’ (N = 1,000) experiences conducting initial evaluations for early intervention and preschool special education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most personnel reported pausing their initial evaluations at some point during the pandemic. Professionals conducting initial evaluations reported various changes to their prepandemic initial evaluation process, including moving the evaluation to a remote format and asking about the impact of the pandemic on the family. Changes to the initial evaluation process were more often reported by personnel conducting initial evaluations for early intervention when compared with personnel conducting initial evaluations for preschool special education. Responses to open-ended questions yielded several challenges and positive aspects of conducting initial evaluations in person or remotely during the pandemic. Professionals in both modalities grappled with the need to ensure health and safety objectives while maintaining recommended evaluation practices. The implications of study findings for research, practice, and policy enhancements are presented.
{"title":"Initial Evaluation Practices to Identify Young Children With Delays and Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"E. Steed, Rachel Stein, Renee Charlifue-Smith","doi":"10.1177/10538151221127909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10538151221127909","url":null,"abstract":"This study utilized a mixed methods design to analyze responses from a nationally distributed survey of professionals’ (N = 1,000) experiences conducting initial evaluations for early intervention and preschool special education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most personnel reported pausing their initial evaluations at some point during the pandemic. Professionals conducting initial evaluations reported various changes to their prepandemic initial evaluation process, including moving the evaluation to a remote format and asking about the impact of the pandemic on the family. Changes to the initial evaluation process were more often reported by personnel conducting initial evaluations for early intervention when compared with personnel conducting initial evaluations for preschool special education. Responses to open-ended questions yielded several challenges and positive aspects of conducting initial evaluations in person or remotely during the pandemic. Professionals in both modalities grappled with the need to ensure health and safety objectives while maintaining recommended evaluation practices. The implications of study findings for research, practice, and policy enhancements are presented.","PeriodicalId":47360,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early Intervention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44887660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：