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Recruitment and Selection in the Public Sector: Do Rules Shape Managers’ Practices? 公共部门的招聘和选拔:规则是否影响管理者的实践?
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2023-01-10 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221146145
A. Løkke, A. Villadsen, Anne Skipper Bach
This study investigates the effects of optimal rule control on recruitment and selection practices in public organizations. Although rules are argued to constrain organizational practices and organizational performance, there is limited knowledge about the relationship of optimal rule control to recruitment and selection practices from a managerial perspective. By conducting a study with survey responses from 1,000 public frontline managers, combined with administrative data, this article investigates how optimal rule control is associated with the formation of recruitment objectives and selections based on values and cultural fit. Findings indicate a positive relationship between optimal rule control and the formation of recruitment objectives and selections based on fit. Unexpectedly, managerial tenure does not seem to moderate the association between optimal rule control and recruitment and selection practices. The study contributes to the public human resource management literature by focusing on the influence of organizational rules on human resource practices.
本文研究了最优规则控制对公共组织招聘和选拔实践的影响。尽管规则被认为约束组织实践和组织绩效,但从管理角度来看,关于最优规则控制与招聘和选拔实践之间的关系的知识有限。通过对1000名公共一线管理人员的调查反馈进行研究,结合行政数据,本文研究了最优规则控制如何与基于价值观和文化契合度的招聘目标和选择的形成相关联。研究结果表明,最优规则控制与招聘目标的形成和基于匹配的选择之间存在正相关关系。出乎意料的是,管理任期似乎并没有缓和最优规则控制与招聘和选拔实践之间的联系。该研究通过关注组织规则对人力资源实践的影响,为公共人力资源管理文献做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Span of Control and Ethical Leadership in Highly Professionalized Public Organizations 高度专业化公共组织的控制跨度与伦理领导
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-12-13 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221140398
Didde Cramer Jensen, Ane-Kathrine Lundberg Hansen, Lars Dahl Pedersen, L. B. Andersen
Span of control may be a critical structural condition for ethical leadership. According to social learning theory, emulation and vicarious learning processes are mechanisms through which ethical leaders enhance ethical commitment among employees. However, if the span of control (number of employees per manager) is too wide, ethical leadership can be difficult to practice due to a more distant relationship between manager and employees. Using a mixed method design with survey data and interviews, we analyze the relationship between span of control and ethical leadership among doctors in Danish hospitals. Survey results from the study show no statistical association between span of control and clinical directors’ self-reported ethical leadership. Interviews with employees and managers support this finding by showing how ethical guidance unfolds through social exchange relationships where employees can act as moral professionals. This suggests that span of control is not a critical structural condition for intending and perceiving a high level of ethical leadership. Span of control is indirectly relevant through the perceived distance between manager and employees. The findings thus enhance our understanding of how ethical leadership takes place in complex, professionalized public organizations. This might inspire managers to lower the organizational power distance and promote professionalism.
控制范围可能是道德领导力的一个关键结构条件。根据社会学习理论,模仿和替代学习过程是道德领导者增强员工道德承诺的机制。然而,如果控制范围(每个经理的员工数量)太宽,由于经理和员工之间的关系更加疏远,道德领导力可能很难实践。采用调查数据和访谈相结合的混合方法设计,我们分析了丹麦医院医生的控制跨度与道德领导力之间的关系。该研究的调查结果显示,控制跨度与临床主任自我报告的道德领导力之间没有统计关联。对员工和管理者的采访支持了这一发现,展示了道德指导是如何通过社会交换关系展开的,在这种关系中,员工可以充当道德专业人士。这表明,控制的广度并不是意图和感知高水平道德领导力的关键结构条件。控制范围通过管理者和员工之间的感知距离间接相关。因此,研究结果增强了我们对道德领导力如何在复杂、专业化的公共组织中发挥作用的理解。这可能会激励管理者降低组织权力距离,提升职业精神。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Changes in Leadership Behavior during Formal Leadership Education 正式领导教育中领导行为的感知变化
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221136085
Peter Sørensen, M. Hansen, A. Villadsen
The aim of this study is to research how leaders’ subordinates, peers, and superiors perceive changes in leadership behavior (measured as task, relation, and change orientations) when leaders in their organization participate in formal leadership education. This question is addressed in a longitudinal 3-year study. This article uses data from a panel of respondents (n = 860–897) from four Danish municipalities. Descriptive statistics and leader fixed effects indicate that formal leadership education has a substantial short-term perceived impact on leadership behavior. The most robust finding in the study are the statistically significant correlations between the perception of leadership behavior and the perceiver’s hierarchical position. The study shows significant differences between subordinates, peers, and superiors in their perceptions of the development of leadership behavior over time. Subordinates rate change in leadership behavior as significantly lower than do peers and superiors.
本研究的目的是研究当领导者在组织中参与正式的领导力教育时,领导者的下属、同伴和上级如何感知领导行为的变化(以任务、关系和变化取向为衡量标准)。这个问题在一项为期3年的纵向研究中得到了解决。本文使用的数据来自丹麦四个城市的一组受访者(n = 860-897)。描述性统计和领导者固定效应表明,正式的领导教育对领导行为有实质性的短期感知影响。研究中最有力的发现是,对领导行为的感知与感知者的等级地位之间存在统计学上显著的相关性。研究表明,随着时间的推移,下属、同事和上级对领导行为发展的看法存在显著差异。下属对领导行为变化的评价明显低于同级和上级。
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引用次数: 0
Religion in the Public Workplace: A Primer for Public Employers 公共工作场所的宗教:公共雇主入门
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221129529
R. Roberts
Today, public organizations face an increasing challenge of accommodating workplace religious expression by their employees. This article examines the impact of First Amendment workplace religious expression jurisprudence on workplace religious expression by public employees. The article also discusses the impact of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, on the workplace religious expression rights of public employees. The article argues that the complexity of public workplace religious expression jurisprudence may make it difficult for public employers to understand the workplace religious rights of their employees and their rights to regulate the workplace religious practices of their employees to maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of their organizations. The article also argues that public organizations have the capacity to embrace the workplace religious diversity of their employees as part of more extensive efforts to enhance the diversity of their public organizations. Finally, the article analyzes the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Kennedy v. Bremerton Sch. Dist. (2022) on the workplace religious rights of public employees.
如今,公共组织面临着越来越大的挑战,即要适应员工在工作场所的宗教表达。本文考察了《第一修正案》工作场所宗教表达判例对公职人员工作场所宗教言论的影响。文章还讨论了经修订的1964年《民权法》第七章对公职人员工作场所宗教表达权的影响。文章认为,公共工作场所宗教表达判例的复杂性可能使公共雇主难以理解其雇员在工作场所的宗教权利,以及他们有权规范其雇员的工作场所宗教习俗,以保持其组织的效率和效力。文章还认为,作为加强公共组织多样性的更广泛努力的一部分,公共组织有能力接受员工在工作场所的宗教多样性。最后,文章分析了美国最高法院在肯尼迪诉布雷默顿案中的判决所产生的影响。关于公职人员工作场所宗教权利的Dist.(2022)。
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引用次数: 0
Marketization and Public Service Motivation: Cross-Country Evidence of a Deleterious Effect 市场化与公共服务动机:有害影响的跨国证据
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221126694
Jesse W. Campbell
The introduction of market-based competition into the public service delivery process may incentivize desirable bureaucratic behaviors but may also have unintended effects. Using a sample of public servants from 48 countries and cross-country estimates of public service marketization, this study provides evidence of a competition-based erosion of public service motivation (PSM). Second, using three different estimates of external market competitiveness, the analysis shows that the negative effect of marketization on PSM strengthens as external competitiveness intensifies. This study extends the motivational crowding literature by linking the hypothesis to contextual factors and testing the theory in a cross-national setting.
在公共服务提供过程中引入基于市场的竞争可能会激励理想的官僚行为,但也可能产生意想不到的影响。本研究利用来自48个国家的公务员样本和对公共服务市场化的跨国估计,提供了基于竞争的公共服务动机侵蚀的证据。其次,利用外部市场竞争力的三种不同估计,分析表明,市场化对PSM的负面影响随着外部竞争力的增强而增强。本研究通过将该假设与情境因素联系起来,并在跨国家背景下检验该理论,扩展了动机拥挤文献。
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引用次数: 1
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Employee Perceived Organizational Performance, Job Satisfaction, and Diversity Management Among the U.S. Federal Public Health Agencies 美国联邦公共卫生机构员工组织绩效感知、工作满意度和多样性管理的种族/民族差异
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221129250
In-Gu Kang, Nayoung Kim, Barbara A. Bichelmeyer
This study identified personal and organizational environmental factors associated with perceived organizational performance (POP) and moderation of race/ethnicity in these relationships with POP in the U.S. federal government employees among 10 health agencies. Cross-sectional, nationally representative data were obtained from the 2017, 2018, and 2019 Federal Employee Viewpoint Surveys, completed by 117,353 (weighed 190,736) employees among 10 health agencies. We employed multivariable linear models of POP to examine associations between job satisfaction and organizational environmental factors and POP and to assess the effects of racial/ethnic minority as a modifier on these relationships after controlling for sampling weights. Job satisfaction, trust in leadership, organizational procedural justice, and diversity management were positively associated with POP. Significant moderating effects of race/ethnicity were observed in the relationships of POP with job satisfaction and diversity management. In the conclusion, we discuss how federal public health agencies strategically develop management practices, particularly for employees of color.
本研究确定了个人和组织环境因素与感知组织绩效(POP)和种族/民族在这些与POP的关系中的调节相关。从2017年、2018年和2019年的联邦雇员观点调查中获得了具有全国代表性的横截面数据,这些调查由10个卫生机构的117,353名(体重190,736名)雇员完成。我们采用POP的多变量线性模型来检验工作满意度和组织环境因素与POP之间的关系,并在控制采样权重后评估种族/少数民族作为这些关系的修饰因子的影响。工作满意度、对领导的信任、组织程序公正和多样性管理与POP呈正相关。在工作满意度与多样性管理的关系中,种族/民族具有显著的调节作用。在结论中,我们讨论了联邦公共卫生机构如何战略性地发展管理实践,特别是针对有色人种员工。
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引用次数: 0
Are Millennials Different? A Time-Lag Study of Federal Millennial and Generation X Employees’ Affective Commitment 千禧一代与众不同吗?联邦政府千禧一代和X一代员工情感承诺的时滞研究
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221129840
Nhung T Q Nguyen
Stereotypes about Millennials permeate conversations about public management, often without evidence. Based on generational theory and psychological contract theory, this study hypothesizes and empirically compares affective commitment levels of U.S. federal Millennials and Generation Xers. This study uses a time-lag design with data from the 2011 Federal Viewpoint Survey and the 2004 Federal Human Capital Survey to investigate Millennials and Generation Xers under 30 years old and untangle the generational difference effect while controlling for the age difference. The findings show that Millennials reported slightly higher levels of affective commitment in comparison with Generation Xers (contrary to common stereotypes). This study also reports null findings or the absence of evidence for the differences regarding how managerial practices (support for work–life balance, financial rewards, and meaningful work) influence their affective commitment. In addition, federal employees belonging to the Millennial generation reported work interests differing from the common stereotypes. This study advances public management scholarship regarding affective commitment of generations and young employees, as well as contributing evidence about generational differences in an under-studied field: the public sector. Practically, the findings help reduce erroneous stereotypes and foster effective and equitable management of the public workforce.
关于千禧一代的刻板印象弥漫在公共管理的对话中,往往没有证据。基于代际理论和心理契约理论,本研究假设并实证比较了美国联邦千禧一代和x一代的情感承诺水平。本研究采用时间滞后设计,结合2011年联邦观点调查和2004年联邦人力资本调查的数据,对30岁以下的千禧一代和x一代进行调查,在控制年龄差异的情况下,梳理代际差异效应。研究结果显示,与x一代相比,千禧一代的情感承诺水平略高(与普遍的刻板印象相反)。本研究还报告了关于管理实践(支持工作与生活平衡、财务奖励和有意义的工作)如何影响他们的情感承诺的差异的无效发现或缺乏证据。此外,属于千禧一代的联邦雇员报告的工作兴趣与常见的刻板印象不同。本研究推动了关于代际情感承诺和年轻员工的公共管理学术研究,并为公共部门这一研究不足的领域的代际差异提供了证据。实际上,调查结果有助于减少错误的陈规定型观念,促进对公共劳动力的有效和公平管理。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence and Public Human Resource Management: Questions for Research and Practice 人工智能与公共人力资源管理:研究与实践中的问题
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221126498
Brad A. M. Johnson, Jerrell D. Coggburn, Jared J. Llorens
Advances in big data and artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) and other cognitive computing technologies (CCT), have facilitated the development of human resource management (HRM) applications promising greater efficiency, economy, and effectiveness for public administration (Maciejewski, 2017) and better alignment with the modern, constantly evolving employment landscape. It is not surprising then that these advanced technologies are featured in proposals to elevate the government’s human capital. This article discusses current and emerging AI applications that stand to impact most (if not all) HRM functions and their prospects for elevating public human capital. In particular, this article (a) reviews the current state of the field with regards to AI and HRM, (b) discusses AI’s current and potential impact upon the core functional areas of HRM, (c) identifies the main challenges AI poses to such concerns as public values, equity, and traditional merit system principles, and (d) concludes by identifying research needs for public HRM scholarship and practice that highlight the growing role and influence of AI applications in the workplace.
大数据和人工智能(AI)的进步,包括机器学习(ML)和其他认知计算技术(CCT),促进了人力资源管理(HRM)应用的发展,有望提高公共管理的效率、经济性和有效性(Maciejewski, 2017),并更好地适应现代不断变化的就业环境。因此,这些先进技术出现在提升政府人力资本的提案中也就不足为奇了。本文讨论了当前和新兴的人工智能应用程序,这些应用程序将影响大多数(如果不是全部)人力资源管理功能,以及它们提升公共人力资本的前景。特别是,本文(a)回顾了人工智能和人力资源管理领域的现状,(b)讨论了人工智能对人力资源管理核心功能领域的当前和潜在影响,(c)确定了人工智能对公共价值观、公平和传统绩效制度原则等问题构成的主要挑战,(d)通过确定公共人力资源管理学术和实践的研究需求来总结,这些研究和实践强调了人工智能应用在工作场所日益增长的作用和影响。
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引用次数: 6
Promote or Deter: How Organizations Influence Public Service Motivation 促进或阻止:组织如何影响公共服务动机
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221121101
Tyler Klatt, Matthew R. Fairholm
How an employee perceives their organization has an important influence on their feelings of public service motivation. The public service motivation literature has largely focused on the ways in which public service motivation influences outcomes related to organizational performance and public service outcomes. This research flips the causal arrow, examining how the way employees perceive their organization influences their feelings of public service motivation. Municipal employees in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota were surveyed to explore the relationship between perceived organizational traits and public service motivation. Using four linear regression models, we find evidence that organizations perceived as having human resource traits and symbolic traits each promoted the public service motivation of employees. The results also indicate that there may be a positive relationship between structural traits and a negative relationship between political traits and public service motivation.
员工如何看待自己的组织对他们的公共服务动机感有重要影响。公共服务动机文献主要关注公共服务动机影响与组织绩效和公共服务结果相关的结果的方式。本研究翻转了因果箭头,考察了员工对组织的感知方式如何影响他们的公共服务动机。对明尼苏达州、北达科他州和南达科他州的市政雇员进行了调查,以探索感知的组织特征与公共服务动机之间的关系。使用四个线性回归模型,我们发现有证据表明,被感知为具有人力资源特征和象征特征的组织都促进了员工的公共服务动机。研究结果还表明,结构特征与公共服务动机之间可能存在正相关关系,而政治特征与公共事业动机之间则可能存在负相关关系。
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引用次数: 2
Fostering Internal Pay Equity Through Gender Neutral Job Evaluations: A Case Study of the Federal Job Evaluation System 通过性别中立的工作评估促进内部薪酬公平——以联邦工作评估系统为例
IF 3 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.1177/00910260221124866
R. Chordiya, L. Hubbell
The principle of pay equity implies that work determined to be equally demanding in terms of skills or qualifications, responsibilities, efforts, and working conditions should be valued and paid equally. However, prevailing gender-based stereotypes and prejudices about female-dominated jobs get in the way of achieving pay equity. Gender biases in compensable job (sub) factors could result in undervaluation and/or omission of relevant job (sub) factors associated with female-dominated jobs, and/or unbalanced/biased interpretation of job (sub) factors by associating them mostly with male-dominated jobs. Using a case study of the Federal job evaluation system for white-collar, non-supervisory Federal jobs the present article argues for a proactive and an intentional inclusion of gender-neutral (sub) factors in job evaluation systems in service of fostering internal pay equity within organizations.
薪酬平等原则意味着,在技能或资格、责任、努力和工作条件等方面要求相同的工作应得到同等的重视和报酬。然而,普遍存在的基于性别的陈规定型观念和对女性主导工作的偏见阻碍了实现薪酬平等。可补偿工作(子)因素中的性别偏见可能导致低估和/或忽略与女性主导的工作有关的相关工作(子)因素,和/或将工作(子)因素主要与男性主导的工作联系起来,从而导致对工作(子)因素的不平衡/偏见解释。本文以联邦白领、非监管职位的工作评估系统为例,论证了在工作评估系统中主动和有意地纳入性别中立(子)因素,以促进组织内部的薪酬平等。
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引用次数: 2
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Public Personnel Management
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