Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1177/10439862221110984
Cresean Hughes
Across American societal institutions, a punitive culture of control and surveillance has manifested in a variety of ways, including exponential growth in incarceration rates and school suspension rates over the last four decades. To date, much of the scholarship exploring the relationship between criminal justice outcomes and school-based outcomes has focused primarily on how school punishment is consequential for future involvement in the justice system. What remains unclear, however, is whether an alternative relationship exists. That is, does a culture of control foster an environment where punitiveness in the criminal justice system is mirrored by punitiveness within schools? Drawing on carceral perspectives and place-based stratification theories and analyzing a random sample of Florida middle and high schools combined with school district data, several key findings emerge. Specifically, Black and Hispanic students are more likely to be suspended in places with higher incarceration rates; all students are more likely to be suspended in places with greater concentrated disadvantage; and Black and Hispanic students are significantly more likely to be suspended when attending schools in places with high incarceration rates and greater concentrated disadvantage. These findings highlight the interconnectedness of place and social control in the school setting.
{"title":"The Culture of Control in Schools: How Punitive and Disadvantaged Spaces Impact Race-Specific Suspension Rates","authors":"Cresean Hughes","doi":"10.1177/10439862221110984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221110984","url":null,"abstract":"Across American societal institutions, a punitive culture of control and surveillance has manifested in a variety of ways, including exponential growth in incarceration rates and school suspension rates over the last four decades. To date, much of the scholarship exploring the relationship between criminal justice outcomes and school-based outcomes has focused primarily on how school punishment is consequential for future involvement in the justice system. What remains unclear, however, is whether an alternative relationship exists. That is, does a culture of control foster an environment where punitiveness in the criminal justice system is mirrored by punitiveness within schools? Drawing on carceral perspectives and place-based stratification theories and analyzing a random sample of Florida middle and high schools combined with school district data, several key findings emerge. Specifically, Black and Hispanic students are more likely to be suspended in places with higher incarceration rates; all students are more likely to be suspended in places with greater concentrated disadvantage; and Black and Hispanic students are significantly more likely to be suspended when attending schools in places with high incarceration rates and greater concentrated disadvantage. These findings highlight the interconnectedness of place and social control in the school setting.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"384 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48140099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-27DOI: 10.1177/10439862221111013
Porche’ A. W. Okafor, Patricia Y. Warren, Eric A. Stewart
Racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system have been well documented in prior research. Despite this, few studies have explored the extent of disparities after accepting a plea bargain compared with proceeding to trial. The distinction between plea bargaining and going to trial is highlighted because judicial officials are more constrained by the law when making punitive decisions following a trial. Thus, there should be fewer disparities in punitive outcomes among defendants who went to trial. Using Florida Sentencing Guidelines data from 2010 to 2017 combined with county-level data from the 2010 United States Census, the current study contributes to prior research by investigating whether the size of the Black and Latino populations influences disparities in punitive outcomes among Black, White, and Latino defendants after accepting a plea bargain and going to trial. The results suggest that Blacks sentenced in counties with a growing Black population are less likely to receive a jail sentence but more likely to receive a prison sentence after accepting a plea bargain. However, they are less likely to receive a prison sentence after proceeding to trial when sentenced in areas with a larger share of Black residents. In contrast, Latino defendants who accept a plea bargain are more likely to receive a jail sentence but less likely to be sentenced to prison in areas with a growing ethnic presence. Furthermore, Black defendants sentenced in areas with a change in Black populations receive shorter sentences after accepting a plea bargain. Our analyses provide an intricate story about race/ethnicity, place, and threat in the state of Florida. Overall, the results show that the social context matters, but differently pertaining to punishment outcomes disposed of by plea bargains and trials.
{"title":"Plea Bargaining and Trial Decisions in Context: An Examination of Disparities in Punishment","authors":"Porche’ A. W. Okafor, Patricia Y. Warren, Eric A. Stewart","doi":"10.1177/10439862221111013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221111013","url":null,"abstract":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system have been well documented in prior research. Despite this, few studies have explored the extent of disparities after accepting a plea bargain compared with proceeding to trial. The distinction between plea bargaining and going to trial is highlighted because judicial officials are more constrained by the law when making punitive decisions following a trial. Thus, there should be fewer disparities in punitive outcomes among defendants who went to trial. Using Florida Sentencing Guidelines data from 2010 to 2017 combined with county-level data from the 2010 United States Census, the current study contributes to prior research by investigating whether the size of the Black and Latino populations influences disparities in punitive outcomes among Black, White, and Latino defendants after accepting a plea bargain and going to trial. The results suggest that Blacks sentenced in counties with a growing Black population are less likely to receive a jail sentence but more likely to receive a prison sentence after accepting a plea bargain. However, they are less likely to receive a prison sentence after proceeding to trial when sentenced in areas with a larger share of Black residents. In contrast, Latino defendants who accept a plea bargain are more likely to receive a jail sentence but less likely to be sentenced to prison in areas with a growing ethnic presence. Furthermore, Black defendants sentenced in areas with a change in Black populations receive shorter sentences after accepting a plea bargain. Our analyses provide an intricate story about race/ethnicity, place, and threat in the state of Florida. Overall, the results show that the social context matters, but differently pertaining to punishment outcomes disposed of by plea bargains and trials.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"432 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45418644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1177/10439862221096960
Jose Sousa-Santos, L. Howes
Transnational and organized crime has become more prominent in the Pacific region in recent years, leading to challenges for law enforcement agencies in the region. The production and trafficking of illicit drugs are common concerns that illustrate the nexus between transnational and local crime landscapes. This article discusses approaches to the policing of such crime used by Pacific law enforcement agencies and regional partners. Informed by regional agreements, national security strategies of Pacific Islands governments, and theory about security networks, the article argues that plural and hybrid policing approaches, more commonly associated with community policing, may be effective models to combat drug-related crime. These approaches can involve cultural, social, and hierarchical webs that act as security nodes or networks on the frontline against illicit activities. Given different strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches available, an integrated and multifaceted approach to addressing drug-related crime offers the best chance of success.
{"title":"Policing Illicit Drugs in the Pacific: The Role of Culture and Community on the Frontline","authors":"Jose Sousa-Santos, L. Howes","doi":"10.1177/10439862221096960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221096960","url":null,"abstract":"Transnational and organized crime has become more prominent in the Pacific region in recent years, leading to challenges for law enforcement agencies in the region. The production and trafficking of illicit drugs are common concerns that illustrate the nexus between transnational and local crime landscapes. This article discusses approaches to the policing of such crime used by Pacific law enforcement agencies and regional partners. Informed by regional agreements, national security strategies of Pacific Islands governments, and theory about security networks, the article argues that plural and hybrid policing approaches, more commonly associated with community policing, may be effective models to combat drug-related crime. These approaches can involve cultural, social, and hierarchical webs that act as security nodes or networks on the frontline against illicit activities. Given different strengths and weaknesses of the various approaches available, an integrated and multifaceted approach to addressing drug-related crime offers the best chance of success.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"364 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47389225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-21DOI: 10.1177/10439862221096954
Sinclair Dinnen
Scholars increasingly acknowledge that policing involves multiple actors and diverse institutional arrangements. Although the global expansion of private security has prompted much of the current interest in plural policing in the Global North, relatively little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in the Global South despite the manifestly plural character of policing in many such countries. This article examines plural policing in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in the Southwest Pacific. Policing in PNG involves a bewildering array of different actors and institutional forms, ranging from transnational police to unofficial urban settlement committees. Investigating the shifting pattern of pluralization in the context of broader structural changes and the intersections between different providers illuminates how policing actually works in this socially diverse nation, as well as highlighting some of its implications for state and society in this understudied part of the world.
{"title":"Plural Policing in Papua New Guinea: More Than the Sum of Its Parts?","authors":"Sinclair Dinnen","doi":"10.1177/10439862221096954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221096954","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars increasingly acknowledge that policing involves multiple actors and diverse institutional arrangements. Although the global expansion of private security has prompted much of the current interest in plural policing in the Global North, relatively little attention has been paid to this phenomenon in the Global South despite the manifestly plural character of policing in many such countries. This article examines plural policing in Papua New Guinea (PNG) in the Southwest Pacific. Policing in PNG involves a bewildering array of different actors and institutional forms, ranging from transnational police to unofficial urban settlement committees. Investigating the shifting pattern of pluralization in the context of broader structural changes and the intersections between different providers illuminates how policing actually works in this socially diverse nation, as well as highlighting some of its implications for state and society in this understudied part of the world.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"280 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47270207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1177/10439862221096942
A. Chand, Maureen Karan, Pariniappa Goundar
Members of the public may have positive, negative, or mixed perceptions of police. Previous research has demonstrated that public perceptions are shaped by their experiences and interactions with police and can influence trust, perceived legitimacy, and future cooperation. Limited research has examined public perceptions of police in small island developing states. This article explores public perceptions of police in Fiji, an island state in the Pacific region. This study employed a mixed-method approach based on qualitative interviews (n = 21) and quantitative surveys (n = 150). The findings show that only a minority of the participants had a favorable view of police, while the majority had a negative perception. The results reveal that police corruption and brutality are two significant concerns of the public that the Fiji Police Force will need to address to gain public respect, trust, confidence, and legitimacy.
{"title":"Public Perceptions of Police in Fiji","authors":"A. Chand, Maureen Karan, Pariniappa Goundar","doi":"10.1177/10439862221096942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221096942","url":null,"abstract":"Members of the public may have positive, negative, or mixed perceptions of police. Previous research has demonstrated that public perceptions are shaped by their experiences and interactions with police and can influence trust, perceived legitimacy, and future cooperation. Limited research has examined public perceptions of police in small island developing states. This article explores public perceptions of police in Fiji, an island state in the Pacific region. This study employed a mixed-method approach based on qualitative interviews (n = 21) and quantitative surveys (n = 150). The findings show that only a minority of the participants had a favorable view of police, while the majority had a negative perception. The results reveal that police corruption and brutality are two significant concerns of the public that the Fiji Police Force will need to address to gain public respect, trust, confidence, and legitimacy.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"295 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47580864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1177/10439862221096959
R. Stewart‐Withers, B. Greener
Research increasingly identifies gender equality as being vital for the achievement of lasting peace and prosperity. New Zealand Police have delivered a range of capacity-building projects and programs in Pacific Island countries over many years. In this article, we examine the gendered impact of two such programs and consider how they have been delivered by New Zealand’s police officers. Although specific gender-focused programs helpfully prioritize gender, they can also unhelpfully create silos; however, gender-focused programs are likely to be most impactful when combined with certain practices and performances of gender. Drawing on observational research, we suggest that some male police personnel operating in communities may have significant gendered impacts by role modeling a form of “caring masculinities.” The demonstration of caring values by men potentially constitutes a vital contribution toward achieving deeper and broader structural change in the gender space. Practices and performances of gender should be elevated and evaluated alongside targeted program goals.
{"title":"New Zealand’s Policing Efforts in the Pacific: Gender Programs, Practices, and Performances","authors":"R. Stewart‐Withers, B. Greener","doi":"10.1177/10439862221096959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221096959","url":null,"abstract":"Research increasingly identifies gender equality as being vital for the achievement of lasting peace and prosperity. New Zealand Police have delivered a range of capacity-building projects and programs in Pacific Island countries over many years. In this article, we examine the gendered impact of two such programs and consider how they have been delivered by New Zealand’s police officers. Although specific gender-focused programs helpfully prioritize gender, they can also unhelpfully create silos; however, gender-focused programs are likely to be most impactful when combined with certain practices and performances of gender. Drawing on observational research, we suggest that some male police personnel operating in communities may have significant gendered impacts by role modeling a form of “caring masculinities.” The demonstration of caring values by men potentially constitutes a vital contribution toward achieving deeper and broader structural change in the gender space. Practices and performances of gender should be elevated and evaluated alongside targeted program goals.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"346 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47521441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1177/10439862221096957
S. Amin, Danielle Watson, T. Trussler
Although religious institutions are an important agent of non-state policing, especially in the Global South, there is a limited understanding of the relationship between religion and policing. The Pacific presents an ideal context in which to examine the relationship between religious and policing institutions in Christian majority postcolonial societies. Moreover, state and religious institutions in the Pacific Island States are currently being subjected to powerful processes, including economic liberalization, globalization, and localization/indigenization, producing both opportunities but also contestations and conflicts. Using interviews with police officers, religious leaders, and community leaders, this article examines how police officers negotiate the tensions between (secular) state law, indigenous structures of authority, and religious authorities in Tuvalu.
{"title":"Policing and Religion in Tuvalu: Perspectives on Navigating Tensions Between Multiple Security Actors","authors":"S. Amin, Danielle Watson, T. Trussler","doi":"10.1177/10439862221096957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221096957","url":null,"abstract":"Although religious institutions are an important agent of non-state policing, especially in the Global South, there is a limited understanding of the relationship between religion and policing. The Pacific presents an ideal context in which to examine the relationship between religious and policing institutions in Christian majority postcolonial societies. Moreover, state and religious institutions in the Pacific Island States are currently being subjected to powerful processes, including economic liberalization, globalization, and localization/indigenization, producing both opportunities but also contestations and conflicts. Using interviews with police officers, religious leaders, and community leaders, this article examines how police officers negotiate the tensions between (secular) state law, indigenous structures of authority, and religious authorities in Tuvalu.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"330 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46927657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1177/10439862221096955
L. Howes, Danielle Watson, Vanessa Ryan, John J. Rivera, Ron McNinch-Su
Guam is a Pacific Island in Micronesia with a complex colonial history. Strategically located, Guam is an unincorporated territory of the United States and critical military asset. Policing on Guam is influenced by external stakeholders and budgetary limitations. Recently, a community policing model was introduced to better meet community needs and expectations. This study explored the relevance of predictors of satisfaction with police service provision in the Guamanian context. Residents of Guam (n = 701) participated in a survey that included demographic characteristics, community context, and police–citizen interactions. Satisfaction with police service provision was predicted by age and perceptions of procedural justice, police performance, and police legitimacy. Higher income predicted lower satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of police legitimacy and related constructs for satisfaction with police service provision on Guam. Initiatives that focus on police performance and procedural justice may help improve satisfaction with police service provision on Guam.
{"title":"Community Satisfaction With Policing on Guam","authors":"L. Howes, Danielle Watson, Vanessa Ryan, John J. Rivera, Ron McNinch-Su","doi":"10.1177/10439862221096955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221096955","url":null,"abstract":"Guam is a Pacific Island in Micronesia with a complex colonial history. Strategically located, Guam is an unincorporated territory of the United States and critical military asset. Policing on Guam is influenced by external stakeholders and budgetary limitations. Recently, a community policing model was introduced to better meet community needs and expectations. This study explored the relevance of predictors of satisfaction with police service provision in the Guamanian context. Residents of Guam (n = 701) participated in a survey that included demographic characteristics, community context, and police–citizen interactions. Satisfaction with police service provision was predicted by age and perceptions of procedural justice, police performance, and police legitimacy. Higher income predicted lower satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of police legitimacy and related constructs for satisfaction with police service provision on Guam. Initiatives that focus on police performance and procedural justice may help improve satisfaction with police service provision on Guam.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"311 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42415740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.1177/10439862221096941
Danielle Watson, L. Howes
The Pacific Islands region is known for its strength of culture and traditional ways of knowing and being, including traditional systems of justice. Chiefly systems were present in many parts of the Pacific long before colonization and have had a continu-ous presence; they have often coexisted alongside the state-based systems that were later introduced. In the present, those in the Pacific region are finding ways to adapt traditional approaches in response to the adoption of international agreements. The contemporary policing landscape in the Pacific region is also influenced by regional networks, such as the Pacific Islands Forum, and the Pacific Islands Chiefs of Police, which includes a Women’s Advisory Network, highlighting the need and commitment to supporting Pacific women in policing. Australia and New Zealand are prominent partners in the region, with membership of key regional organizations and ongoing commitments to support Pacific Policing through capacity development programs and cross-border and regional partnerships aimed at addressing transnational crime. The aim of this special issue is to showcase research on policing in Pacific Island countries and territories. Specifically, the issue is concerned with contextual responses to police service provision, the tensions that affect police–community relations, issues of police legitimacy, the role of context and organizational culture, and the changing face of crime and criminality. We have given primary consideration to papers that report empirical research and reflect on how the policing remit in the Pacific region asset. The study, which was undertaken at the request of the Guam Police Department, discusses the struggle to maintain police officer numbers as part of the local context. Having exam-ined demographic variables, social variables and police–citizen interaction variables, the researchers highlight that police–citizen interaction, and specifically procedural justice, police performance, and police legitimacy were the most important predictors of satisfaction with police service provision. The findings suggest receptiveness among community members to work with police and document the importance of positive interactions for satisfaction with police service provision. They provide encouragement to continue with community policing strategies, which focus on community engagement, organizational transformation, and problem-solving.
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue—Policing in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: Navigating Culture, Context, and Organizational Terrain","authors":"Danielle Watson, L. Howes","doi":"10.1177/10439862221096941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862221096941","url":null,"abstract":"The Pacific Islands region is known for its strength of culture and traditional ways of knowing and being, including traditional systems of justice. Chiefly systems were present in many parts of the Pacific long before colonization and have had a continu-ous presence; they have often coexisted alongside the state-based systems that were later introduced. In the present, those in the Pacific region are finding ways to adapt traditional approaches in response to the adoption of international agreements. The contemporary policing landscape in the Pacific region is also influenced by regional networks, such as the Pacific Islands Forum, and the Pacific Islands Chiefs of Police, which includes a Women’s Advisory Network, highlighting the need and commitment to supporting Pacific women in policing. Australia and New Zealand are prominent partners in the region, with membership of key regional organizations and ongoing commitments to support Pacific Policing through capacity development programs and cross-border and regional partnerships aimed at addressing transnational crime. The aim of this special issue is to showcase research on policing in Pacific Island countries and territories. Specifically, the issue is concerned with contextual responses to police service provision, the tensions that affect police–community relations, issues of police legitimacy, the role of context and organizational culture, and the changing face of crime and criminality. We have given primary consideration to papers that report empirical research and reflect on how the policing remit in the Pacific region asset. The study, which was undertaken at the request of the Guam Police Department, discusses the struggle to maintain police officer numbers as part of the local context. Having exam-ined demographic variables, social variables and police–citizen interaction variables, the researchers highlight that police–citizen interaction, and specifically procedural justice, police performance, and police legitimacy were the most important predictors of satisfaction with police service provision. The findings suggest receptiveness among community members to work with police and document the importance of positive interactions for satisfaction with police service provision. They provide encouragement to continue with community policing strategies, which focus on community engagement, organizational transformation, and problem-solving.","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"38 1","pages":"276 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41948197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-03-16DOI: 10.1111/vde.13065
Mary Beth Spitznagel, Karlee Patrick, Andrew Hillier, Margaret Gober, Mark D Carlson
Background: Increasing complexity of treatment plans is associated with higher levels of caregiver burden in owners of dogs with skin disease. It is possible that elevated caregiver burden resulting from treatment complexity could, in turn, affect the veterinarian-client relationship.
Hypotheses/objectives: We expected that treatment complexity, caregiver burden, and the client's perception of the veterinarian-client relationship would be related to each other. We also expected an indirect effect of caregiver burden on the cross-sectional association between treatment complexity and the veterinarian-client relationship, and that this effect would be robust to adjustment for the dog's skin disease course and severity.
Participants: Participants were 349 owners of dogs with skin disease recruited through online consumer panels.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional online assessments were completed for caregiver burden, treatment plan complexity, veterinarian-client relationship, and skin disease course and severity. Demographic information also was collected.
Results: The indirect effect of caregiver burden on the relationship between treatment complexity and veterinarian-client relationship was statistically significant, accounting for 42.76% of the variance in the model. After controlling for disease severity and course, that effect remained statistically significant, accounting for 37.76% of the variance.
Conclusions and clinical importance: Findings support the notion that greater treatment complexity is related to the owner's perception of the veterinarian-client relationship via caregiver burden. Efforts to reduce caregiver burden by using the simplest effective treatment may benefit the veterinarian-client relationship.
{"title":"Caregiver burden, treatment complexity, and the veterinarian-client relationship in owners of dog with skin disease.","authors":"Mary Beth Spitznagel, Karlee Patrick, Andrew Hillier, Margaret Gober, Mark D Carlson","doi":"10.1111/vde.13065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vde.13065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing complexity of treatment plans is associated with higher levels of caregiver burden in owners of dogs with skin disease. It is possible that elevated caregiver burden resulting from treatment complexity could, in turn, affect the veterinarian-client relationship.</p><p><strong>Hypotheses/objectives: </strong>We expected that treatment complexity, caregiver burden, and the client's perception of the veterinarian-client relationship would be related to each other. We also expected an indirect effect of caregiver burden on the cross-sectional association between treatment complexity and the veterinarian-client relationship, and that this effect would be robust to adjustment for the dog's skin disease course and severity.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Participants were 349 owners of dogs with skin disease recruited through online consumer panels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cross-sectional online assessments were completed for caregiver burden, treatment plan complexity, veterinarian-client relationship, and skin disease course and severity. Demographic information also was collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The indirect effect of caregiver burden on the relationship between treatment complexity and veterinarian-client relationship was statistically significant, accounting for 42.76% of the variance in the model. After controlling for disease severity and course, that effect remained statistically significant, accounting for 37.76% of the variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Findings support the notion that greater treatment complexity is related to the owner's perception of the veterinarian-client relationship via caregiver burden. Efforts to reduce caregiver burden by using the simplest effective treatment may benefit the veterinarian-client relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":47370,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice","volume":"12 1","pages":"208-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9311805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87573642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：