Child Abuse Review最新文献

Child abuse and neglect represent significant global health challenges with long-lasting adverse impacts. Oral health practitioners, who often interact with children, play a key role in detecting and responding to suspected cases. Despite this, there is a notable gap in the systematic child protection measures in dental practices globally. This scoping review, utilising the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, aims to outline current approaches for oral health practitioners and identify gaps in the approaches designed to enhance their responsiveness. Covering studies from January 2000 to May 2023, the review explored educational programmes, guidelines and interdisciplinary training modules. A comprehensive search across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus, along with grey literature sources, identified 1230 sources, resulting in the inclusion of 20 relevant sources. Findings highlight three main approaches: dental-specific education programmes, practical guidelines for child protection responses and analysis of legal and professional obligations. These approaches demonstrate a mix of direct educational interventions and policy-driven strategies aimed at enhancing oral health practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and practices towards child abuse and neglect. Given the identified variability and gaps in training and resources, future research should assess the effectiveness of these approaches and develop comprehensive, culturally safe training for oral health practitioners globally.

Children who are looked after by the state are some of the most vulnerable in society and have usually experienced neglect, abuse and other trauma. As a result of their experiences, many exhibit challenging and/or aggressive behaviour. Currently, in England, around 68% of the children entering the care system are placed with foster carers, many of whom also have their own children living in the home. This study used narrative interviews to gain the views of the biological children of foster carers about their experience of being brought up in a fostering family. Twelve participants aged 18 and 54 were recruited using convenience and snowballing sampling strategies. Findings revealed that the foster carers own children and fostered children often developed close relationships and that fostered children frequently shared detailed accounts of the abuse they had experienced before entering care. Knowledge of the abuse often left the carers' own children both troubled and in a dilemma about what to do with the information. They also revealed that some of the foster carers' own children had been abused by their foster siblings and had chosen not to disclose this information to their parents or others. Several of the participants expressed ongoing feelings of distress when discussing their experiences and those of their foster siblings, which raises questions about how best to support this important group of children and young people.

In Lebanon, a country facing multilayered crises and an increase in reported cases of child maltreatment, the availability of a unified and comprehensive child safeguarding protocol in healthcare facilities remains limited. Healthcare providers are frontline in recognizing and detecting child abuse and neglect (CAN) cases in hospital settings. Therefore, the adoption of a child protection system in healthcare settings is much needed. We attempted to establish a program for child safeguarding identification, intervention and monitoring mechanisms in Lebanese teaching hospitals. Despite high levels of need, the establishment of this program faced major challenges in the context of multiple national emergencies. The latter included fragmentation of the child protection system and the collapse of the health sector. This paper aims to share these challenges and extract lessons learned for future implementation of a unified child safeguarding protocol in Lebanese hospitals.

Infants have the highest rate of admission into out-of-home care in Australia, with rising rates of entry to care occurring around the world. Our previous research identified children who entered care as infants as having high levels of developmental vulnerability. The objective of this study was to determine the child protection and developmental trajectories of children who entered care as infants and whether meeting developmental needs through service provision improves trajectories and outcomes for these children. This is a prospective cohort study using three waves (2011–2016) of survey data from the New South Wales Pathways of Care Longitudinal Study which includes standardised assessments (Age and Stages Questionnaire, Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment and the Child Behaviour Checklist), as well as linked administrative child protection and health data. Our findings suggest that children who entered care as infants predominantly remained in the care system and had a high level of developmental vulnerability as infants. A large group had positive physical and cognitive developmental trajectories with service provision increasing over time; however, early service provision is needed. Another group was identified as having early social–emotional concerns and displaying worsening social–emotional trajectories. Intervention for this group is an important priority to reduce risk of ongoing poor mental health outcomes.

There is a significant body of research that attests to the deleterious impact of an accumulation of adverse childhood experience across the lifespan, which provides a strong rationale for the development of a means for evaluating this accumulation in a high-risk population. We developed a theory-driven measure, the Cumulative Experiences Index, and conducted a pilot study to test its utility. The Cumulative Experiences Index derives a cumulative harm score that can be used to inform intervention and prevention strategies, programmes and initiatives across all tiers of public health prevention intervention. The Cumulative Experiences Index was piloted with 50 participants aged 8–17 years old who were actively engaged with an Intensive Family Support service. The study explores whether cases rated as low, medium or high severity on the Cumulative Experiences Index corresponded with severity ratings on the three measures of concurrent validity: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Kessler-10 and Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale. The Index provides a valid and accurate means of reflecting the interconnectedness and complexity of exposure to different forms of harm that accumulates over time. Practitioners and researchers will benefit from using the Cumulative Experiences Index—a new valid and reliable measure of cumulative harm.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, sexual abuse-related anxiety and belief levels of the parents of children receiving special education support. The study was descriptively conducted with the parents of 141 students who received special education in primary school in Kayseri in the 2021–2022 academic year. Parent information form, Parental Beliefs Form on Child Sexual Abuse (PBFCSA), Sexual Abuse Parental Anxiety Scale (SAPAS) and Parental Self-Efficacy Instrument for Children with Disabilities (PSICD) were used in the study. Independent samples t test, Pearson rank correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. In the study, statistically significant and positive correlations were found between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and anxiety about sexual abuse (r = 0.318; 95% CI [0.188, 0.438]), between anxiety about sexual abuse and parental self-efficacy (r = 0.389; 95% CI [0.213, 0.531]) and between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and parental self-efficacy (r = 0.324; 95% CI [0.116, 0.514]). In the study, it was found that 24.4% of parental anxiety was explained by parental self-efficacy, beliefs about sexual abuse, parent status, working status and age. In the study, a weak but positive and significant relationship was found between parental beliefs about sexual abuse and anxiety about sexual abuse. It is recommended that studies should be conducted to determine appropriate coping methods for parents' concerns about sexual abuse and to monitor changes in their beliefs and self-efficacy. In addition, it is predicted that applied studies addressing self-efficacy and beliefs should be conducted to understand how levels of anxiety might be reduced.

Parental acceptance–rejection exerts a key influence on child psychological adjustment. The present study aimed to contribute to this topic by focusing on the development and initial validation of a new assessment tool—that is, the Me & My Child: The Parental Acceptance-Rejection Interview. The study included 69 mothers with children aged two to 12 years. In addition to the interview, mothers completed the Me as a Parent questionnaire, which assessed parental self-regulation to test for convergent validity, as well as the short version of the Mental Health Inventory, which assessed maternal psychological problems to test for discriminant validity. Significant associations were found between higher levels of maternal acceptance and self-efficacy and self-management. Furthermore, mothers exposed to more socioeconomic risk factors in the family showed lower levels of parental acceptance. Conversely, no significant associations were observed between maternal acceptance–rejection and mental health symptoms. The intraclass correlation coefficient was found to be excellent. Overall, the findings support the Me and My Child Interview as a helpful tool for assessing parental acceptance–rejection. However, further research is required, given the exploratory nature of this study.