Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-11-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2130329
Jordan Weith, Aimee Hammer, Josefina Grau
Objective: Children of Latinx adolescent mothers are at risk for regulatory difficulties. However, a paucity of research has examined parenting behaviors and children's early emotional development in such families.
Design: Longitudinal associations between observed parenting behaviors (sensitivity, directiveness, child-directed language) at 18 months and children's emotion dysregulation at 18 and 24 months were tested among young mainland Puerto Rican mothers (N = 123) and their toddlers. Given the cultural variability present in Latinx families, whether mothers' cultural orientation moderated these associations was also tested.
Results: Maternal sensitivity predicted less child emotion dysregulation at 24 months at all levels of cultural orientation. Directiveness was unrelated to dysregulation. Child-directed language predicted lower dysregulation only when mothers endorsed lower levels of American cultural orientation.
Conclusions: It is important to consider families' cultural context when identifying maternal behaviors that are most beneficial to child development.
{"title":"Young Puerto Rican Mothers' Cultural Orientation and Parenting Behaviors: Associations with Subsequent Child Emotion Dysregulation.","authors":"Jordan Weith, Aimee Hammer, Josefina Grau","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2130329","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2130329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Children of Latinx adolescent mothers are at risk for regulatory difficulties. However, a paucity of research has examined parenting behaviors and children's early emotional development in such families.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal associations between observed parenting behaviors (sensitivity, directiveness, child-directed language) at 18 months and children's emotion dysregulation at 18 and 24 months were tested among young mainland Puerto Rican mothers (<i>N</i> = 123) and their toddlers. Given the cultural variability present in Latinx families, whether mothers' cultural orientation moderated these associations was also tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maternal sensitivity predicted less child emotion dysregulation at 24 months at all levels of cultural orientation. Directiveness was unrelated to dysregulation. Child-directed language predicted lower dysregulation only when mothers endorsed lower levels of American cultural orientation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is important to consider families' cultural context when identifying maternal behaviors that are most beneficial to child development.</p>","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"85-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10191150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9853281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2036940
Haley E Yaremych, Susan Persky
Objective: We evaluated eight recruitment methods (Craigslist, Facebook ads, Google AdWords, in-person, newspaper, parenting magazines, ResearchMatch, and direct mailing) in terms of their ability to accrue fathers of 3- to 7-year-old children into a laboratory-based behavioral trial for parents. The trial was related to child obesity risk and parental health behaviors.
Design: Each recruitment method was implemented such that half its occurrences advertised for fathers only, and half advertised for mothers and fathers. Methods were evaluated in terms of number of fathers recruited, cost- and time-efficiency, response rates, and demographic characteristics of individuals recruited. We also assessed fathers' and mothers' motivations for participating in the study. 101 fathers and 260 mothers were recruited.
Results: Father-targeted ads were essential for father recruitment; 79% of accruals from father-targeted ads were male, whereas only 14% of accruals from parent-targeted ads were male. Craigslist, ResearchMatch, and Facebook ads were the most cost-efficient for accruing fathers. A greater proportion of fathers was motivated by increasing fathers' representation in research (16%) compared to mothers who wished to increase mothers' representation in research (5.4%). Similar proportions of fathers and mothers were motivated by improving their parenting knowledge and improving their child's health.
Conclusions: Future researchers should employ father-targeted recruitment materials (rather than parent-targeted) that capitalize on fathers' unique motivations for participating in research.
{"title":"Recruiting Fathers for Parenting Research: An Evaluation of Eight Recruitment Methods and an Exploration of Fathers' Motivations for Participation.","authors":"Haley E Yaremych, Susan Persky","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2036940","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2036940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated eight recruitment methods (Craigslist, Facebook ads, Google AdWords, in-person, newspaper, parenting magazines, ResearchMatch, and direct mailing) in terms of their ability to accrue fathers of 3- to 7-year-old children into a laboratory-based behavioral trial for parents. The trial was related to child obesity risk and parental health behaviors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Each recruitment method was implemented such that half its occurrences advertised for fathers only, and half advertised for mothers and fathers. Methods were evaluated in terms of number of fathers recruited, cost- and time-efficiency, response rates, and demographic characteristics of individuals recruited. We also assessed fathers' and mothers' motivations for participating in the study. 101 fathers and 260 mothers were recruited.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Father-targeted ads were essential for father recruitment; 79% of accruals from father-targeted ads were male, whereas only 14% of accruals from parent-targeted ads were male. Craigslist, ResearchMatch, and Facebook ads were the most cost-efficient for accruing fathers. A greater proportion of fathers was motivated by increasing fathers' representation in research (16%) compared to mothers who wished to increase mothers' representation in research (5.4%). Similar proportions of fathers and mothers were motivated by improving their parenting knowledge and improving their child's health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future researchers should employ father-targeted recruitment materials (rather than parent-targeted) that capitalize on fathers' unique motivations for participating in research.</p>","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10281717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9711580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2115912
C. Leung, J. E. Trinidad, D. Suskind
SYNOPSIS Objective. This randomized controlled trial examined whether the quantity and quality of maternal language input were increased through the 3Ts Home Visiting (3Ts-HV) intervention early in toddlerhood and whether increases in maternal language input were sustained over time among families of low SES, controlling for maternal education level, language skill, depressive symptoms, family adversity, child age, child language skills, and the length of recording. Design. 149 mother-toddler dyads of low SES were randomized to receive either the 3Ts-HV intervention (n = 76) or Healthy Lifestyle control (n = 73) curriculum from 14 to 20 months. Both quantity (tokens) and quality (lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and use of complex sentences and wh-questions) of maternal language input were assessed at 14, 20, 26, 32, and 38 months. Hierarchical linear models were estimated to compare maternal language input between groups over time. Growth trajectories were modeled during the post-curriculum period alone, controlling for baseline maternal language input. Results. Intervention mothers had significantly larger increases in both quantity and quality of language input than Control mothers at 20 months. Intervention mothers’ increases in both quantity and quality of language input were sustained at 26, 32, and 38 months. Conclusions. Language input can be promoted early in toddlerhood and sustained over time among families facing socioeconomic disadvantages. Fostering sustainable increases in maternal language behaviors with very young children among families of low SES is a critical first step in addressing early language input disparities.
{"title":"Increases in Language Input are Sustained among Mothers of Low SES: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"C. Leung, J. E. Trinidad, D. Suskind","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2115912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2022.2115912","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. This randomized controlled trial examined whether the quantity and quality of maternal language input were increased through the 3Ts Home Visiting (3Ts-HV) intervention early in toddlerhood and whether increases in maternal language input were sustained over time among families of low SES, controlling for maternal education level, language skill, depressive symptoms, family adversity, child age, child language skills, and the length of recording. Design. 149 mother-toddler dyads of low SES were randomized to receive either the 3Ts-HV intervention (n = 76) or Healthy Lifestyle control (n = 73) curriculum from 14 to 20 months. Both quantity (tokens) and quality (lexical diversity, syntactic complexity, and use of complex sentences and wh-questions) of maternal language input were assessed at 14, 20, 26, 32, and 38 months. Hierarchical linear models were estimated to compare maternal language input between groups over time. Growth trajectories were modeled during the post-curriculum period alone, controlling for baseline maternal language input. Results. Intervention mothers had significantly larger increases in both quantity and quality of language input than Control mothers at 20 months. Intervention mothers’ increases in both quantity and quality of language input were sustained at 26, 32, and 38 months. Conclusions. Language input can be promoted early in toddlerhood and sustained over time among families facing socioeconomic disadvantages. Fostering sustainable increases in maternal language behaviors with very young children among families of low SES is a critical first step in addressing early language input disparities.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"28 1","pages":"52 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81183518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2087040
M. Bornstein, L. Cluver, K. Deater-Deckard, Nancy E. Hill, Justin Jager, Sonya Krutikova, R. Lerner, H. Yoshikawa
SYNOPSIS Parenting programs worldwide (and especially in low- and middle-income countries) support parents in their caregiving roles. Parenting programs are popular and prolific, but many outright fail to deliver meaningful effects or eventuate in only small effects. Incomplete consideration and execution of many design features of programs can account for these shortfalls. This article delimits several critical criteria surrounding successful design and evaluation of evidence-based parenting programs. Specific factors include important preliminary questions concerning details of program design, such as whether the topic of the parenting program specifies the aspect(s) of parenting to be encouraged or discouraged and what theory of change underlies the program; program design contents concern subject matter development, sources, and messages; program design components specify the delivery mode, effectiveness, location, and alignment; program design targeting and sampling concern whom the program is addressing, why, and whether the program is designed to be universal or targeted to a specific population; ensuring reliable and valid program measurement; and rigorous experimental standards that encompass evaluating program effectiveness, including randomized control trial or quasi-experimental designs and the selection of control and comparison conditions. Policy makers, program leaders, investigators, and, of course, parents and children all benefit when parenting programs are well designed. Objective. Design. Results. Conclusions.
{"title":"The Future of Parenting Programs: I Design","authors":"M. Bornstein, L. Cluver, K. Deater-Deckard, Nancy E. Hill, Justin Jager, Sonya Krutikova, R. Lerner, H. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2087040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2022.2087040","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Parenting programs worldwide (and especially in low- and middle-income countries) support parents in their caregiving roles. Parenting programs are popular and prolific, but many outright fail to deliver meaningful effects or eventuate in only small effects. Incomplete consideration and execution of many design features of programs can account for these shortfalls. This article delimits several critical criteria surrounding successful design and evaluation of evidence-based parenting programs. Specific factors include important preliminary questions concerning details of program design, such as whether the topic of the parenting program specifies the aspect(s) of parenting to be encouraged or discouraged and what theory of change underlies the program; program design contents concern subject matter development, sources, and messages; program design components specify the delivery mode, effectiveness, location, and alignment; program design targeting and sampling concern whom the program is addressing, why, and whether the program is designed to be universal or targeted to a specific population; ensuring reliable and valid program measurement; and rigorous experimental standards that encompass evaluating program effectiveness, including randomized control trial or quasi-experimental designs and the selection of control and comparison conditions. Policy makers, program leaders, investigators, and, of course, parents and children all benefit when parenting programs are well designed. Objective. Design. Results. Conclusions.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"27 1","pages":"201 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76779089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2086808
M. Bornstein, J. Kotler, J. Lansford
SYNOPSIS Human children do not and cannot survive and grow in a solitary way to achieve responsible adult maturity. They require caregiving and support from parents. Reciprocally, good parenting calls for attentive, nurturant, and constructive action with children. Therefore, scholars and practitioners who work with families are invested in optimizing child development through parenting, and programs designed to promote parenting abound around the world. However, the development, application, and integration of parenting programs to date are too often siloed and haphazard. In consequence, successes of parenting programs have been hampered, and the time, efforts, energy, and funds supporting them have too often been spent achieving only limited effects, not always at scale. The purpose of this Parenting: Science and Practice Special Issue is to guide the design, implementation, uptake, and scaling of future parenting programs toward greater rigor, wider acceptance, and ensured accomplishment.
{"title":"The Future of Parenting Programs: An Introduction","authors":"M. Bornstein, J. Kotler, J. Lansford","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2086808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2022.2086808","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Human children do not and cannot survive and grow in a solitary way to achieve responsible adult maturity. They require caregiving and support from parents. Reciprocally, good parenting calls for attentive, nurturant, and constructive action with children. Therefore, scholars and practitioners who work with families are invested in optimizing child development through parenting, and programs designed to promote parenting abound around the world. However, the development, application, and integration of parenting programs to date are too often siloed and haphazard. In consequence, successes of parenting programs have been hampered, and the time, efforts, energy, and funds supporting them have too often been spent achieving only limited effects, not always at scale. The purpose of this Parenting: Science and Practice Special Issue is to guide the design, implementation, uptake, and scaling of future parenting programs toward greater rigor, wider acceptance, and ensured accomplishment.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"147 5 1","pages":"189 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91124507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2086809
P. Britto, R. Bradley, H. Yoshikawa, L. Ponguta, L. Richter, J. Kotler
SYNOPSIS This article focuses on the demand side of parenting programs, in addition to the traditionally studied supply side and argues that a path to scale of parenting programs must align and equally acknowledge supply and demand side domains and characteristics, whereas historically they are addressed in silos. Evidence suggests that a core set of factors such as policy and contextual affordances and personal characteristics, skills, and motivations influence entry and engagement. For effective scaling, the article argues for the synergy between systems coherence, workforce, governance, and social-political mobilization of parents. Objective. Design. Results. Conclusions.
{"title":"The Future of Parenting Programs: III Uptake and Scale","authors":"P. Britto, R. Bradley, H. Yoshikawa, L. Ponguta, L. Richter, J. Kotler","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2086809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2022.2086809","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS This article focuses on the demand side of parenting programs, in addition to the traditionally studied supply side and argues that a path to scale of parenting programs must align and equally acknowledge supply and demand side domains and characteristics, whereas historically they are addressed in silos. Evidence suggests that a core set of factors such as policy and contextual affordances and personal characteristics, skills, and motivations influence entry and engagement. For effective scaling, the article argues for the synergy between systems coherence, workforce, governance, and social-political mobilization of parents. Objective. Design. Results. Conclusions.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"111 1","pages":"258 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73708785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2022.2049601
H. Kil, E. Lee, R. Antonacci, J. Grusec
SYNOPSIS Objective. Mindfulness in parents is associated with a number of positive family characteristics, including positive parenting behaviors, fewer externalizing or internalizing difficulties in children, and positive parent-child relationships. However, little is known about whether parents’ and children’s mindfulness may be linked, or whether mindful parenting may indirectly support this link. The present cross-sectional study sought to explore these associations in mothers and fathers and their preadolescent children. Design. One hundred and twelve triads consisting of mothers, fathers, and their 9- to 12-year-old children participated. Mothers and fathers rated their mindfulness and mindful parenting, and children rated their mindfulness. Results. Mothers’ mindfulness was indirectly associated with children’s mindfulness through mothers’ mindful parenting. This indirect effect was not significant for fathers, although one facet of mindfulness – nonreactivity to thoughts and feelings – led to a significant indirect association. Conclusions. Mindful parents report more mindful parenting behaviors, which in turn may relate to higher child mindfulness. Implications for the socialization of mindfulness in the family are discussed.
{"title":"Mindful Parents, Mindful Children? Exploring the Role of Mindful Parenting","authors":"H. Kil, E. Lee, R. Antonacci, J. Grusec","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2022.2049601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2022.2049601","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. Mindfulness in parents is associated with a number of positive family characteristics, including positive parenting behaviors, fewer externalizing or internalizing difficulties in children, and positive parent-child relationships. However, little is known about whether parents’ and children’s mindfulness may be linked, or whether mindful parenting may indirectly support this link. The present cross-sectional study sought to explore these associations in mothers and fathers and their preadolescent children. Design. One hundred and twelve triads consisting of mothers, fathers, and their 9- to 12-year-old children participated. Mothers and fathers rated their mindfulness and mindful parenting, and children rated their mindfulness. Results. Mothers’ mindfulness was indirectly associated with children’s mindfulness through mothers’ mindful parenting. This indirect effect was not significant for fathers, although one facet of mindfulness – nonreactivity to thoughts and feelings – led to a significant indirect association. Conclusions. Mindful parents report more mindful parenting behaviors, which in turn may relate to higher child mindfulness. Implications for the socialization of mindfulness in the family are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"67 13","pages":"33 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72425439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2021.2010501
Sarah Teresa Steffgen, B. Soenens, Nantje Otterpohl, Malte Schwinger, J. Stiensmeier-Pelster
SYNOPSIS Objective. Parental academic conditional regard is a socialization strategy in which parents’ displays of appreciation increase (conditional positive regard; PACPR) or decrease (conditional negative regard; PACNR) depending on the children’s academic achievement. Little is known about how adolescents perceive combinations of conditional positive and negative regard and how within-person combinations of them relate to developmental outcomes. Design. This study uses a person-oriented approach to examine within-person combinations of PACPR and PACNR and their different associations with individuals’ motivation and adjustment. Three different samples reported on perceived PACPR and PACNR: adolescent students (N = 3,891), university freshmen (N = 556), and parents (N = 760). We conducted confirmatory latent profile analyses and investigated associations between profiles and outcome measures (basic need satisfaction, self-esteem level and contingency, ability self-concept, achievement goal orientation, test anxiety, and depressive symptoms). Results. The results supported a 3-class solution in all samples: low (44.4%–61.4%) or high (14.5%–24.5%) on both, and only high on PACPR (14.1%–31.3%). Groups reporting overall high levels of conditional regard scored the least favorably on all outcomes. Individuals with only high scores on PACPR differed from those with overall low scores on conditional regard primarily in terms of higher contingent self-esteem. Conclusions. The two dimensions of conditional regard are distinct. Although combination of the two dimensions is associated with individuals’ general poor adjustment, the presence of PACPR alone is related to a fragile sense of self-esteem. Implications for future research are discussed.
{"title":"Latent Profiles of Parental Academic Conditional Positive and Negative Regard","authors":"Sarah Teresa Steffgen, B. Soenens, Nantje Otterpohl, Malte Schwinger, J. Stiensmeier-Pelster","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2021.2010501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2021.2010501","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. Parental academic conditional regard is a socialization strategy in which parents’ displays of appreciation increase (conditional positive regard; PACPR) or decrease (conditional negative regard; PACNR) depending on the children’s academic achievement. Little is known about how adolescents perceive combinations of conditional positive and negative regard and how within-person combinations of them relate to developmental outcomes. Design. This study uses a person-oriented approach to examine within-person combinations of PACPR and PACNR and their different associations with individuals’ motivation and adjustment. Three different samples reported on perceived PACPR and PACNR: adolescent students (N = 3,891), university freshmen (N = 556), and parents (N = 760). We conducted confirmatory latent profile analyses and investigated associations between profiles and outcome measures (basic need satisfaction, self-esteem level and contingency, ability self-concept, achievement goal orientation, test anxiety, and depressive symptoms). Results. The results supported a 3-class solution in all samples: low (44.4%–61.4%) or high (14.5%–24.5%) on both, and only high on PACPR (14.1%–31.3%). Groups reporting overall high levels of conditional regard scored the least favorably on all outcomes. Individuals with only high scores on PACPR differed from those with overall low scores on conditional regard primarily in terms of higher contingent self-esteem. Conclusions. The two dimensions of conditional regard are distinct. Although combination of the two dimensions is associated with individuals’ general poor adjustment, the presence of PACPR alone is related to a fragile sense of self-esteem. Implications for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"23 1","pages":"347 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87235963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2021.2008769
Wendy M. Rote, Cidnee Hall, Emily Sandifer
SYNOPSIS Objective. Vignette-based research shows that youth evaluate parental guilt induction (GI) differently depending on the type of issue over which guilt is induced. However, domain differences in the prevalence and associations of parental GI have not been examined in real-world parenting behavior. This study examined the utility of a novel measure of domain-differentiated parental guilt induction (DDPGI) focusing on its psychometric properties and correlates. Design. Surveys were completed by 123 U.S. adolescents (M age = 13.99 years, 54% female, 53% European American) and their mothers. Analyses included factor analysis and invariance tests, then structural equation modeling. Results. Consistent with social domain theory, maternal GI over legitimately regulated issues (moral, conventional, prudential) and personal issues were statistically separable and had differential associations with parenting and youth adjustment. When reported by adolescents, maternal GI over legitimately regulated issues was uniquely associated with more inductive discipline, adolescent empathy, perspective-taking, and moral self-relevance. In contrast, maternal GI over personal issues, especially at high levels, was uniquely associated with more maternal psychological control, maladaptive guilt induction, adolescent adjustment problems, and fewer adolescent moral cognitions and emotions. When reported by mothers, maternal GI showed no significant links with youth adjustment and positive associations between legitimately regulated guilt induction and both adaptive and maladaptive parenting behaviors. Conclusions. Results highlight the importance of measuring parental GI as its own construct, considering the topics over which guilt is induced when conceptualizing the parenting practice as positive or negative, and recognizing family member differences in perceptions of GI.
{"title":"Domain-Differentiated Parental Guilt Induction: Understanding the Structure and Correlates of a Novel Measure","authors":"Wendy M. Rote, Cidnee Hall, Emily Sandifer","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2021.2008769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2021.2008769","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. Vignette-based research shows that youth evaluate parental guilt induction (GI) differently depending on the type of issue over which guilt is induced. However, domain differences in the prevalence and associations of parental GI have not been examined in real-world parenting behavior. This study examined the utility of a novel measure of domain-differentiated parental guilt induction (DDPGI) focusing on its psychometric properties and correlates. Design. Surveys were completed by 123 U.S. adolescents (M age = 13.99 years, 54% female, 53% European American) and their mothers. Analyses included factor analysis and invariance tests, then structural equation modeling. Results. Consistent with social domain theory, maternal GI over legitimately regulated issues (moral, conventional, prudential) and personal issues were statistically separable and had differential associations with parenting and youth adjustment. When reported by adolescents, maternal GI over legitimately regulated issues was uniquely associated with more inductive discipline, adolescent empathy, perspective-taking, and moral self-relevance. In contrast, maternal GI over personal issues, especially at high levels, was uniquely associated with more maternal psychological control, maladaptive guilt induction, adolescent adjustment problems, and fewer adolescent moral cognitions and emotions. When reported by mothers, maternal GI showed no significant links with youth adjustment and positive associations between legitimately regulated guilt induction and both adaptive and maladaptive parenting behaviors. Conclusions. Results highlight the importance of measuring parental GI as its own construct, considering the topics over which guilt is induced when conceptualizing the parenting practice as positive or negative, and recognizing family member differences in perceptions of GI.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"315 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90050082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2021.2004076
Cecilia Cheung, D. Delany
SYNOPSIS Objective. The current research evaluated whether thin slicing, which involves brief observations of others’ behaviors, is useful in understanding maternal warmth in the context of mother-child interaction. Design. The extent to which naïve observers’ ratings based on brief observations correspond to other reports of maternal warmth as well as the predictive validity of such ratings were evaluated in 158 pairs of European American mothers and their early adolescent children engaged in a set of problem-solving activities in the laboratory. Naïve (untrained) observers provided ratings of mothers’ warmth based on the first 5 min of the dyadic interaction. Trained coders rated mothers’ behaviors based on the first 5 min as well as the full 15 min video using a behavioral coding system. Mothers and children reported on mothers’ warmth using surveys. Results. Naïve observers’ ratings were associated with trained coders’ ratings, but not with child or mother reports. Child reports of mothers’ warmth were associated with both subjective and objective measures of their academic functioning. Naïve observers’ ratings of mothers’ warmth were associated with an objective measure of children’s academic functioning. Conclusions. The correspondence between naïve observers’ and trained coders’ reports of mothers’ warmth warrants further investigation into the conditions under which less time- and labor-intensive methods, such as thin slicing, can be applied to assess parents’ expressive behaviors.
{"title":"Measuring Mothers’ Warmth: Naïve Observers, Trained Coders, and Self-Reports","authors":"Cecilia Cheung, D. Delany","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2021.2004076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2021.2004076","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. The current research evaluated whether thin slicing, which involves brief observations of others’ behaviors, is useful in understanding maternal warmth in the context of mother-child interaction. Design. The extent to which naïve observers’ ratings based on brief observations correspond to other reports of maternal warmth as well as the predictive validity of such ratings were evaluated in 158 pairs of European American mothers and their early adolescent children engaged in a set of problem-solving activities in the laboratory. Naïve (untrained) observers provided ratings of mothers’ warmth based on the first 5 min of the dyadic interaction. Trained coders rated mothers’ behaviors based on the first 5 min as well as the full 15 min video using a behavioral coding system. Mothers and children reported on mothers’ warmth using surveys. Results. Naïve observers’ ratings were associated with trained coders’ ratings, but not with child or mother reports. Child reports of mothers’ warmth were associated with both subjective and objective measures of their academic functioning. Naïve observers’ ratings of mothers’ warmth were associated with an objective measure of children’s academic functioning. Conclusions. The correspondence between naïve observers’ and trained coders’ reports of mothers’ warmth warrants further investigation into the conditions under which less time- and labor-intensive methods, such as thin slicing, can be applied to assess parents’ expressive behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":"61 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73219605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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