Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2020.1796178
I. K. Sandoval-Carrillo, M. Hernández-González, M. A. Guevara, R. M. Hidalgo-Aguirre
SYNOPSIS Objective. To characterize electroencephalographic activity (EEG) in mothers with secure (SA) and insecure attachment (IA) while viewing a video of a baby crying (CR). Design. EEGs were recorded in the prefrontal and parietal cortices (related to the processing of relevant stimuli) in first-time, IA (n = 8) and SA (n = 8), mothers while watching and listening to CR. Results. During CR, compared to IA, SA showed a lower absolute power (AP) of the alpha2 and beta1 bands in frontal areas, higher AP of the gamma and delta bands in parietal areas, and higher prefronto-parietal correlation in the fast frequencies. Conclusions. These EEG differences could be related to the greater attention and emotional regulation that SA show in the presence of a baby crying.
{"title":"Baby Crying Induces Different Cortical Activation in Mothers with Secure and Insecure Attachment","authors":"I. K. Sandoval-Carrillo, M. Hernández-González, M. A. Guevara, R. M. Hidalgo-Aguirre","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2020.1796178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2020.1796178","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. To characterize electroencephalographic activity (EEG) in mothers with secure (SA) and insecure attachment (IA) while viewing a video of a baby crying (CR). Design. EEGs were recorded in the prefrontal and parietal cortices (related to the processing of relevant stimuli) in first-time, IA (n = 8) and SA (n = 8), mothers while watching and listening to CR. Results. During CR, compared to IA, SA showed a lower absolute power (AP) of the alpha2 and beta1 bands in frontal areas, higher AP of the gamma and delta bands in parietal areas, and higher prefronto-parietal correlation in the fast frequencies. Conclusions. These EEG differences could be related to the greater attention and emotional regulation that SA show in the presence of a baby crying.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81783562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-16DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2020.1804250
N. Zhang, J. Hoch, A. Gewirtz, Andrew C. Barnes, J. Snyder
SYNOPSIS Objective : Vagal suppression is a parasympathetic physiological indicator of emotion regulation and social engagement behaviors, often measured via heart rate variability. Experiential avoidance reflects psychological inflexibility or poor emotion regulation. We tested the interaction effects of parental vagal suppression and experiential avoidance on observed parenting behaviors among combat deployed fathers. Design . We analyzed data from 92 male National Guard/Reserve members who had returned from a deployment to Iraq and/or Afghanistan since 2001. They were mostly European American, in their 30s, middle-class, and married. All fathers participated in home-based assessments with their spouses (if married) and a target child aged 4–13 years. Fathers’ vagal suppression was measured as the decrease in cardiac vagal tone (i.e., high frequency heart rate variability) from a neutral reading task to a father-child conflict resolution task. Experiential avoidance was self-reported. Parenting behaviors were observed during family interaction tasks and coded into positive engagement and withdrawal avoidance using a macro-level coding system. Results . Multiple regression analysis showed no main effects of vagal suppression on observed parenting, but interaction effects of experiential avoidance by vagal suppression on observed parenting. Specifically, among fathers with higher vagal suppression, we found no relations between experiential avoidance and observed parenting; among fathers with lower vagal suppression, we found an inverse association between experiential avoidance and positive engagement as well as a positive association between experiential avoidance and withdrawal avoidance. Conclusions . The effect of psychological inflexibility on military fathers’ parenting behaviors was moderated by vagal suppression. The findings have implications for the linkage between emotion regulation and parenting in military fathers.
{"title":"Vagal Suppression Buffers Against the Negative Effects of Psychological Inflexibility on Parenting Behaviors in Combat Deployed Fathers","authors":"N. Zhang, J. Hoch, A. Gewirtz, Andrew C. Barnes, J. Snyder","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2020.1804250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2020.1804250","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective : Vagal suppression is a parasympathetic physiological indicator of emotion regulation and social engagement behaviors, often measured via heart rate variability. Experiential avoidance reflects psychological inflexibility or poor emotion regulation. We tested the interaction effects of parental vagal suppression and experiential avoidance on observed parenting behaviors among combat deployed fathers. Design . We analyzed data from 92 male National Guard/Reserve members who had returned from a deployment to Iraq and/or Afghanistan since 2001. They were mostly European American, in their 30s, middle-class, and married. All fathers participated in home-based assessments with their spouses (if married) and a target child aged 4–13 years. Fathers’ vagal suppression was measured as the decrease in cardiac vagal tone (i.e., high frequency heart rate variability) from a neutral reading task to a father-child conflict resolution task. Experiential avoidance was self-reported. Parenting behaviors were observed during family interaction tasks and coded into positive engagement and withdrawal avoidance using a macro-level coding system. Results . Multiple regression analysis showed no main effects of vagal suppression on observed parenting, but interaction effects of experiential avoidance by vagal suppression on observed parenting. Specifically, among fathers with higher vagal suppression, we found no relations between experiential avoidance and observed parenting; among fathers with lower vagal suppression, we found an inverse association between experiential avoidance and positive engagement as well as a positive association between experiential avoidance and withdrawal avoidance. Conclusions . The effect of psychological inflexibility on military fathers’ parenting behaviors was moderated by vagal suppression. The findings have implications for the linkage between emotion regulation and parenting in military fathers.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79907826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-04eCollection Date: 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2020.1792194
Susan Imrie, Sophie Zadeh, Kevan Wylie, Susan Golombok
Objective. Families with trans parents are an increasingly visible family form, yet little is known about parenting and child outcomes in these families. This exploratory study offers the first quantitative assessment of parent-child relationship quality and child socio-emotional and behavioral adjustment in families with a self-identified trans parent with school-aged children. Design. A sample of 35 families (37 trans parents, 13 partners, and 25 children aged 8-18 years) was recruited primarily through social media. Parents, children, and teachers were administered a range of standardized interview and questionnaire assessments of parent-child relationship quality, quality of parenting, psychological adjustment, and gender-related minority stress. Results. Parents and children had good quality relationships, as assessed by both parents and children, and children showed good psychological adjustment. Child age at the time the parent communicated their gender identity to the child was unrelated to child outcomes. Conclusions. Parents and children in trans parent families had good quality relationships and children showed good psychological adjustment. The findings of this exploratory study challenge commonly held concerns about the potentially negative effects on children of growing up with a trans parent.
{"title":"Children with Trans Parents: Parent-Child Relationship Quality and Psychological Well-being.","authors":"Susan Imrie, Sophie Zadeh, Kevan Wylie, Susan Golombok","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2020.1792194","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15295192.2020.1792194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective.</i></b> Families with trans parents are an increasingly visible family form, yet little is known about parenting and child outcomes in these families. This exploratory study offers the first quantitative assessment of parent-child relationship quality and child socio-emotional and behavioral adjustment in families with a self-identified trans parent with school-aged children. <b><i>Design.</i></b> A sample of 35 families (37 trans parents, 13 partners, and 25 children aged 8-18 years) was recruited primarily through social media. Parents, children, and teachers were administered a range of standardized interview and questionnaire assessments of parent-child relationship quality, quality of parenting, psychological adjustment, and gender-related minority stress. <b><i>Results.</i></b> Parents and children had good quality relationships, as assessed by both parents and children, and children showed good psychological adjustment. Child age at the time the parent communicated their gender identity to the child was unrelated to child outcomes. <b><i>Conclusions.</i></b> Parents and children in trans parent families had good quality relationships and children showed good psychological adjustment. The findings of this exploratory study challenge commonly held concerns about the potentially negative effects on children of growing up with a trans parent.</p>","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39333874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2020.1792185
Grace N. Rivera, Matthew Vess, R. J. Brooker, Matt Stichter, J. Neiderhiser
SYNOPSIS Objective. We investigated associations between adults’ beliefs about the heritability of virtue and endorsements of the efficacy of specific parenting styles. Design. In Studies 1 (N = 405) and 2 (N = 400), beliefs about both the genetic etiology of virtuous characteristics and parenting were assessed in samples of parents and non-parents. In Study 3 (N = 775), participants were induced to view virtue as determined by genes or as determined by social factors. Heritability beliefs and authoritarian parenting endorsements were subsequently measured. Results. Study 1 and Study 2 converged to reveal that tendencies to view characteristics as determined by genes were positively associated with endorsement of authoritarian parenting styles. This association occurred independent of individual differences in essentialism and right-wing authoritarianism. Study 3 revealed that exposure to genetic accounts of virtue increased beliefs that virtue is caused by genes, which in turn was positively associated with endorsements of authoritarian parenting responses to child problem behavior. Exposure to genetic accounts of virtue increased endorsement of authoritarian parenting among parents, but was unrelated to authoritarian parenting among non-parents. Conclusions. These studies suggest that genetic accounts of virtuous characteristics reliably relate to more positive beliefs about harsh and controlling parenting practices, illuminating an unrecognized cognitive factor associated with authoritarian parenting endorsement.
{"title":"Exploring Relations between Beliefs about the Genetic Etiology of Virtue and the Endorsement of Parenting Practices","authors":"Grace N. Rivera, Matthew Vess, R. J. Brooker, Matt Stichter, J. Neiderhiser","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2020.1792185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2020.1792185","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. We investigated associations between adults’ beliefs about the heritability of virtue and endorsements of the efficacy of specific parenting styles. Design. In Studies 1 (N = 405) and 2 (N = 400), beliefs about both the genetic etiology of virtuous characteristics and parenting were assessed in samples of parents and non-parents. In Study 3 (N = 775), participants were induced to view virtue as determined by genes or as determined by social factors. Heritability beliefs and authoritarian parenting endorsements were subsequently measured. Results. Study 1 and Study 2 converged to reveal that tendencies to view characteristics as determined by genes were positively associated with endorsement of authoritarian parenting styles. This association occurred independent of individual differences in essentialism and right-wing authoritarianism. Study 3 revealed that exposure to genetic accounts of virtue increased beliefs that virtue is caused by genes, which in turn was positively associated with endorsements of authoritarian parenting responses to child problem behavior. Exposure to genetic accounts of virtue increased endorsement of authoritarian parenting among parents, but was unrelated to authoritarian parenting among non-parents. Conclusions. These studies suggest that genetic accounts of virtuous characteristics reliably relate to more positive beliefs about harsh and controlling parenting practices, illuminating an unrecognized cognitive factor associated with authoritarian parenting endorsement.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74082292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2020.1777783
Julie A. Chesterfield, Renata Porzig-Drummond, R. Stevenson, C. Stevenson
SYNOPSIS Objective. Typical parenting programs require considerable time inputs, which can be a significant barrier to program access. Here we assessed whether a brief behavioral parenting program, 1-2-3 Magic, would be effective in reducing disruptive behavior and ADHD symptoms in school-aged children with ADHD and dysfunctional parenting in their parents. Design. Fifty-seven parents of children aged 6–12 years were randomly allocated to the treatment group (n= 28) or waitlist-control group (n= 29). Treatment-group parents participated in the 1-2-3 Magic group program over three consecutive weeks. Treatment-group data were collected at pre-, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up, and control-group data were collected at pre- and post-intervention, with child and parental behavior change assessed using the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, Parent Stress Index, and Conners. Results. Parents in the treatment-group reported less child disruptive behavior, reduced child ADHD symptom severity, and less dysfunctional parenting at post-intervention compared with controls. Post-intervention results indicated that the major intervention effects were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions. Findings provide preliminary treatment efficacy for this brief behavioral parenting intervention for school-aged children with ADHD and their parents.
{"title":"Evaluating a Brief Behavioral Parenting Program for Parents of School-aged Children with ADHD","authors":"Julie A. Chesterfield, Renata Porzig-Drummond, R. Stevenson, C. Stevenson","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2020.1777783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2020.1777783","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. Typical parenting programs require considerable time inputs, which can be a significant barrier to program access. Here we assessed whether a brief behavioral parenting program, 1-2-3 Magic, would be effective in reducing disruptive behavior and ADHD symptoms in school-aged children with ADHD and dysfunctional parenting in their parents. Design. Fifty-seven parents of children aged 6–12 years were randomly allocated to the treatment group (n= 28) or waitlist-control group (n= 29). Treatment-group parents participated in the 1-2-3 Magic group program over three consecutive weeks. Treatment-group data were collected at pre-, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up, and control-group data were collected at pre- and post-intervention, with child and parental behavior change assessed using the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory, Parent Stress Index, and Conners. Results. Parents in the treatment-group reported less child disruptive behavior, reduced child ADHD symptom severity, and less dysfunctional parenting at post-intervention compared with controls. Post-intervention results indicated that the major intervention effects were maintained at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions. Findings provide preliminary treatment efficacy for this brief behavioral parenting intervention for school-aged children with ADHD and their parents.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83017141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1694831
E. Lau, T. Power
SYNOPSIS Objective. This paper examines whether the effects of spousal coparenting on authoritative parenting are mediated through parenting stress. Design. A total of 166 married, heterosexual couples in Hong Kong with a preschool child provided information about their spouse’s level of cooperation and triangulation in their coparenting relationship at Time 1; their own parenting stress at Times 1 & 2; and their authoritative parenting at Times 1, 2, and 3. Results. Cooperation at Time 1 affected fathers’ authoritative parenting at Time 3 completely mediated through fathers’ parenting stress at Time 2. There were no mediated or direct effects on authoritative parenting for mothers, although triangulation at Time 1 predicted mothers’ parenting stress at Time 2. Conclusion. Parenting stress mediates the relation between coparenting and authoritative parenting for fathers, suggesting the need to encourage cooperation from mothers. In this way fathers’ stress related to their role as parent will decrease, helping to promote their authoritative parenting.
{"title":"Coparenting, Parenting Stress, and Authoritative Parenting among Hong Kong Chinese Mothers and Fathers","authors":"E. Lau, T. Power","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1694831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1694831","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. This paper examines whether the effects of spousal coparenting on authoritative parenting are mediated through parenting stress. Design. A total of 166 married, heterosexual couples in Hong Kong with a preschool child provided information about their spouse’s level of cooperation and triangulation in their coparenting relationship at Time 1; their own parenting stress at Times 1 & 2; and their authoritative parenting at Times 1, 2, and 3. Results. Cooperation at Time 1 affected fathers’ authoritative parenting at Time 3 completely mediated through fathers’ parenting stress at Time 2. There were no mediated or direct effects on authoritative parenting for mothers, although triangulation at Time 1 predicted mothers’ parenting stress at Time 2. Conclusion. Parenting stress mediates the relation between coparenting and authoritative parenting for fathers, suggesting the need to encourage cooperation from mothers. In this way fathers’ stress related to their role as parent will decrease, helping to promote their authoritative parenting.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81405252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2020.1748485
A. Lee, S. Kuzava, K. Bernard
SYNOPSIS Objective. To examine whether maternal sensitivity in non-distress contexts and nurturance to infants’ distress mediate the association between cumulative sociodemographic risk and children’s emerging language ability. Design. Participants were a community sample of mothers and their infants (n = 99). During an initial home visit, mothers and infants 6 to 12 months old were videorecorded during free-play and infant distress-eliciting tasks, and mothers provided demographic information. Maternal behaviors were coded for sensitivity and nurturance to distress. Six months after the home visit, mothers reported children’s language ability. Cumulative risk was a latent variable with dichotomous indicators of high school education or less, income-to-needs ratio <1, maternal age ≤21, single parenthood, and minority status. Child language, a latent variable with five percentile scores as indicators, was regressed onto sensitivity, nurturance, and the latent risk variable. The indirect effects between sociodemographic risk and child language outcome via sensitivity and nurturance to distress were also estimated. Results. Risk was negatively associated with maternal sensitivity and nurturance to distress in infancy. Sensitivity, but not nurturance to distress, mediated the association between risk and child language ability between 12 and 22 months of age. Conclusions. Maternal sensitivity in non-distress contexts may represent an important target of intervention programs aimed at enhancing early language development among high-risk families.
{"title":"Sociodemographic Risk and Infants’ Emerging Language Ability: Examining the Indirect Effects of Maternal Sensitivity and Nurturance to Distress","authors":"A. Lee, S. Kuzava, K. Bernard","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2020.1748485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2020.1748485","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. To examine whether maternal sensitivity in non-distress contexts and nurturance to infants’ distress mediate the association between cumulative sociodemographic risk and children’s emerging language ability. Design. Participants were a community sample of mothers and their infants (n = 99). During an initial home visit, mothers and infants 6 to 12 months old were videorecorded during free-play and infant distress-eliciting tasks, and mothers provided demographic information. Maternal behaviors were coded for sensitivity and nurturance to distress. Six months after the home visit, mothers reported children’s language ability. Cumulative risk was a latent variable with dichotomous indicators of high school education or less, income-to-needs ratio <1, maternal age ≤21, single parenthood, and minority status. Child language, a latent variable with five percentile scores as indicators, was regressed onto sensitivity, nurturance, and the latent risk variable. The indirect effects between sociodemographic risk and child language outcome via sensitivity and nurturance to distress were also estimated. Results. Risk was negatively associated with maternal sensitivity and nurturance to distress in infancy. Sensitivity, but not nurturance to distress, mediated the association between risk and child language ability between 12 and 22 months of age. Conclusions. Maternal sensitivity in non-distress contexts may represent an important target of intervention programs aimed at enhancing early language development among high-risk families.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90758100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2019.1694830
Leanne Elliott, Heather J. Bachman, Daphne A. Henry
SYNOPSIS Objective. This study examined parental characteristics that related to children’s early math learning. Specifically, we examined how parents engage in math activities with their children in the home and how their practices were informed by parents’ experiences with and perceptions of math. Design. Using a mixed-methods design, we first quantitatively examined associations between two parental characteristics, past math experiences and current math anxiety, and various types of math activities to understand factors that predict home math engagement in a sample of 34 parents. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with a sample of 15 parents to identify additional factors that relate to parents’ engagement in math activities with their young children. Results. We found that parents’ math anxiety predicted their reports of math activity frequency in the home, controlling for demographics as well as prior measures of math enrichment. Through qualitative analyses, we demonstrated considerable variability in the way that math activities are implemented and described by parents and identify a novel theoretical construct – parents’ goals for children’s math learning – which relates to parents’ practices. Conclusions. These results suggest that survey measures may fail to capture important heterogeneity in parents’ practices and that additional predictors such as parental goals should be explored in future quantitative research.
{"title":"Why and How Parents Promote Math Learning with their Young Children: A Mixed-Methods Investigation","authors":"Leanne Elliott, Heather J. Bachman, Daphne A. Henry","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2019.1694830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2019.1694830","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective. This study examined parental characteristics that related to children’s early math learning. Specifically, we examined how parents engage in math activities with their children in the home and how their practices were informed by parents’ experiences with and perceptions of math. Design. Using a mixed-methods design, we first quantitatively examined associations between two parental characteristics, past math experiences and current math anxiety, and various types of math activities to understand factors that predict home math engagement in a sample of 34 parents. We then conducted semi-structured interviews with a sample of 15 parents to identify additional factors that relate to parents’ engagement in math activities with their young children. Results. We found that parents’ math anxiety predicted their reports of math activity frequency in the home, controlling for demographics as well as prior measures of math enrichment. Through qualitative analyses, we demonstrated considerable variability in the way that math activities are implemented and described by parents and identify a novel theoretical construct – parents’ goals for children’s math learning – which relates to parents’ practices. Conclusions. These results suggest that survey measures may fail to capture important heterogeneity in parents’ practices and that additional predictors such as parental goals should be explored in future quantitative research.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80997824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-02DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2020.1729611
K. Decker, I. Thurston, Kathryn H. Howell, Amanda J. Hasselle, Rebecca C. Kamody
SYNOPSIS Objective . Few studies have explored associations between strength-based factors and positive parenting among mothers experiencing adversity. Adopting a person-centered statistical approach, we examined how patterns of maternal strengths relate to positive parenting practices. Design . Participants were 188 female primary caregivers (71% African American) who experienced intimate partner violence and/or were living with HIV. Women were recruited from community organizations in the Mid-Southern United States and completed measures of adaptability, spirituality, ethnic identity, social support, parent-child communication, community cohesion, and parenting practices. Latent profile analysis was used to generate classes of individual (adaptability, spirituality, education), relational (family support, friend support, parent-child communication about Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS/HIV), and contextual (ethnic identity, community cohesion) factors, in line with the social-ecological model of resilience. Associations between the classes and positive parenting practices were examined. Results . Three classes emerged: (1) Low Individual, Relational, & Contextual (LIRC; n = 18); (2) Low SAVA Communication (LSC; n = 30); and (3) High Individual, Relational, & Contextual (HIRC; n = 140). Mothers in the LIRC class reported lower parental involvement and less positive parenting practices than those in the HIRC class. Conclusions . Mothers who endorse increased individual, relational, and contextual factors utilize more positive parenting practices. Optimal clinical approaches to enhance parenting should target supports at multiple levels.
{"title":"Associations between Profiles of Maternal Strengths and Positive Parenting Practices among Mothers Experiencing Adversity","authors":"K. Decker, I. Thurston, Kathryn H. Howell, Amanda J. Hasselle, Rebecca C. Kamody","doi":"10.1080/15295192.2020.1729611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2020.1729611","url":null,"abstract":"SYNOPSIS Objective . Few studies have explored associations between strength-based factors and positive parenting among mothers experiencing adversity. Adopting a person-centered statistical approach, we examined how patterns of maternal strengths relate to positive parenting practices. Design . Participants were 188 female primary caregivers (71% African American) who experienced intimate partner violence and/or were living with HIV. Women were recruited from community organizations in the Mid-Southern United States and completed measures of adaptability, spirituality, ethnic identity, social support, parent-child communication, community cohesion, and parenting practices. Latent profile analysis was used to generate classes of individual (adaptability, spirituality, education), relational (family support, friend support, parent-child communication about Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS/HIV), and contextual (ethnic identity, community cohesion) factors, in line with the social-ecological model of resilience. Associations between the classes and positive parenting practices were examined. Results . Three classes emerged: (1) Low Individual, Relational, & Contextual (LIRC; n = 18); (2) Low SAVA Communication (LSC; n = 30); and (3) High Individual, Relational, & Contextual (HIRC; n = 140). Mothers in the LIRC class reported lower parental involvement and less positive parenting practices than those in the HIRC class. Conclusions . Mothers who endorse increased individual, relational, and contextual factors utilize more positive parenting practices. Optimal clinical approaches to enhance parenting should target supports at multiple levels.","PeriodicalId":47432,"journal":{"name":"Parenting-Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85586322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2020.1715683
Meera Menon, R. Fauth, M. Easterbrooks
SYNOPSIS Objective . Most parents manage some degree of parenting stress without serious concerns, but young mothers experience parenting stress at higher levels than adult mothers; high parenting stress is problematic due to its association with children’s socioemotional and behavior problems and the increased likelihood of maltreatment. Understanding the circumstances that precipitate or mitigate parents’ stress can have lasting impacts for child well-being. Extant research fails to account for both longitudinal and individual variation in young mothers’ parenting stress, leading to equivocal findings about the nature of mothers’ parenting stress trajectories across early childhood. Design . The present study used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to model the trajectories of 544 first-time young mothers’ parenting stress from children’s infancy to school-age. We considered how protective factors (i.e., social support) and psychological vulnerabilities (i.e., depression) experienced during the transition to parenthood were associated with parenting stress trajectories and variation within trajectories when children were of school-age. Results . GMM identified three trajectories of parenting stress: “low stable”, “high increasing”, and “high decreasing.” Protective factors were related to low and decreasing patterns of parenting stress, whereas psychological vulnerabilities were associated with higher parenting stress patterns. Conclusions . This study has implications for programs and services that help young mothers cope with the demands of parenting and reduce parenting stress.
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