How do ethnically/racially minoritized citizens feel represented by increasingly diverse parliaments? We approach this question intersectionally and study how ethnically/racially minoritized citizens (i) constitute and politicize self-identifications and interests, (ii) assess political representation, and (iii) discuss who represents them. We draw on twelve focus groups with Turkish, Moroccan, and Surinamese-Dutch citizens (N = 65), and find that citizens’ political self-identifications, rather than predefined group labels, are key to understanding assessments of representation. Citizens prefer politicians who act on their substantive concerns but feel that mainstream parties sometimes fail to do so. Parties led by ethnically/racially minoritized politicians and social movements fill this void by contesting the status quo. An intersectional perspective reveals that symbolic representation by descriptive representatives specifically matters for young women of color who lack role models.
{"title":"Political Representation and Intersectionality: Perspectives of Ethnically/Racially Minoritized Citizens","authors":"Judith de Jong, L. Mügge","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 How do ethnically/racially minoritized citizens feel represented by increasingly diverse parliaments? We approach this question intersectionally and study how ethnically/racially minoritized citizens (i) constitute and politicize self-identifications and interests, (ii) assess political representation, and (iii) discuss who represents them. We draw on twelve focus groups with Turkish, Moroccan, and Surinamese-Dutch citizens (N = 65), and find that citizens’ political self-identifications, rather than predefined group labels, are key to understanding assessments of representation. Citizens prefer politicians who act on their substantive concerns but feel that mainstream parties sometimes fail to do so. Parties led by ethnically/racially minoritized politicians and social movements fill this void by contesting the status quo. An intersectional perspective reveals that symbolic representation by descriptive representatives specifically matters for young women of color who lack role models.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79128529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Connecting streams of feminist and comparative social policy literature, this article investigates stratification in maternal employment and childcare use along class, contractual, and gender lines across six countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) and five family policy models. Detailing the different stratifying factors that intervene in the relation between maternal employment and childcare use offers a concrete analysis of the complex link between social reproduction and work. Employing multivariate regressions and EU-SILC (2007–2018) data, it provides an intersectional perspective to the literature. First, we observe a process of formalization in childcare use with a parallel reduction of nonformal care for couples; this process is slower for single mothers. Second, we document a paradox in relation to the social investment approach: the relation between childcare use and maternal employment is stronger in countries that recently expanded childcare to modify their male-breadwinner orientation, but in these countries childcare use is more stratified along class/contract types, a concern for the outcomes of social investment strategies outside of Scandinavia. Being out of work, being in a lower social class, fulfilling domestic tasks and/or care activities, and having an atypical contract negatively correlates with childcare use in most countries. Third, households where partners have more similar earning levels use childcare to a greater extent. The article also provides models employing different dependent and independent variables, alternative family structures, full and part-time work, formal and nonformal childcare, and rich country details.
{"title":"Maternal Employment and Childcare Use from an Intersectional Perspective: Stratification along Class, Contractual and Gender Lines in Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the UK","authors":"Emanuele Ferragina, Edoardo Magalini","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Connecting streams of feminist and comparative social policy literature, this article investigates stratification in maternal employment and childcare use along class, contractual, and gender lines across six countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) and five family policy models. Detailing the different stratifying factors that intervene in the relation between maternal employment and childcare use offers a concrete analysis of the complex link between social reproduction and work. Employing multivariate regressions and EU-SILC (2007–2018) data, it provides an intersectional perspective to the literature. First, we observe a process of formalization in childcare use with a parallel reduction of nonformal care for couples; this process is slower for single mothers. Second, we document a paradox in relation to the social investment approach: the relation between childcare use and maternal employment is stronger in countries that recently expanded childcare to modify their male-breadwinner orientation, but in these countries childcare use is more stratified along class/contract types, a concern for the outcomes of social investment strategies outside of Scandinavia. Being out of work, being in a lower social class, fulfilling domestic tasks and/or care activities, and having an atypical contract negatively correlates with childcare use in most countries. Third, households where partners have more similar earning levels use childcare to a greater extent. The article also provides models employing different dependent and independent variables, alternative family structures, full and part-time work, formal and nonformal childcare, and rich country details.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136384000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feminism travels unevenly through state structures, and the state’s incorporation of feminist ideas remains controversial within feminist movements. This study uses the Brazilian Feminicídio Law, which increases punishment for gender-based homicides, as a case study to ask how law enforcement actors adopt a feminist legal reform. Data come from one year of in-depth fieldwork across police stations in a major Brazilian city and from newspaper articles. I show that state actors accept the feminist legal frame based on previous understandings of police practices. However, institutional divisions led them to develop different alignments toward the new legal reform. While police officers from the homicide division symbolically align toward feminicídio and do not aim to change police practices, officers from the women’s division perceive feminicídio as an opportunity to claim significant changes in police practices, revealing a transformative alignment. Struggles over legitimation and diverging professional beliefs and interests explain the two distinct responses.
{"title":"Symbolic and Transformative: Alignments Toward Feminicídio Legal Reform inside the Brazilian Police","authors":"Roberta S Pamplona","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Feminism travels unevenly through state structures, and the state’s incorporation of feminist ideas remains controversial within feminist movements. This study uses the Brazilian Feminicídio Law, which increases punishment for gender-based homicides, as a case study to ask how law enforcement actors adopt a feminist legal reform. Data come from one year of in-depth fieldwork across police stations in a major Brazilian city and from newspaper articles. I show that state actors accept the feminist legal frame based on previous understandings of police practices. However, institutional divisions led them to develop different alignments toward the new legal reform. While police officers from the homicide division symbolically align toward feminicídio and do not aim to change police practices, officers from the women’s division perceive feminicídio as an opportunity to claim significant changes in police practices, revealing a transformative alignment. Struggles over legitimation and diverging professional beliefs and interests explain the two distinct responses.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84322790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report data from longitudinal qualitative interviews with thirteen people claiming Universal Credit (UC) immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in England. The article utilizes concepts from feminist theory: “Social Reproduction” and “Depletion.” We make several novel contributions, including bringing depletion into conversation with the related concept of “contingent coping.” We argue that the lived experience of UC involves material and emotional depletion, but that UC also helps recipients to “cope” contingently with this depletion. In this sense, depletion through social reproduction is an ongoing and harmful state of being. We show how highly conditional and disciplinary welfare policies both partially mitigate but also accentuate structural pressures associated with an unequal, insecure, and competitive labor market.
{"title":"Depletion through Social Reproduction and Contingent Coping in the Lived Experience of Parents on Universal Credit in England","authors":"Robyn Fawcett, Emily Gray, Alexander Nunn","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We report data from longitudinal qualitative interviews with thirteen people claiming Universal Credit (UC) immediately before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in England. The article utilizes concepts from feminist theory: “Social Reproduction” and “Depletion.” We make several novel contributions, including bringing depletion into conversation with the related concept of “contingent coping.” We argue that the lived experience of UC involves material and emotional depletion, but that UC also helps recipients to “cope” contingently with this depletion. In this sense, depletion through social reproduction is an ongoing and harmful state of being. We show how highly conditional and disciplinary welfare policies both partially mitigate but also accentuate structural pressures associated with an unequal, insecure, and competitive labor market.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74796142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, public sector research has developed a line related to women’s participation in government and its effect on public finances. In this vein, this article attempts to empirically analyze the effect women’s presence in local governments has on municipal financial health. For that, we use a sample of the 140 Spanish municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants during the period 2008–2018 and we create four indicators that refer to cash, budgetary and service-level solvency, as well as a global index that represents the municipal financial health. Our empirical results show that municipalities with a female mayor and with higher percentages of women in the council tend to have higher levels of these ratios. This supports the view that the entrance of women into the traditionally male-dominated public sphere could benefit governments’ financial health.
{"title":"Financial Health of Local Governments: A Gender Approach","authors":"María‐Dolores Guillamón, Ana‐María Ríos, Beatriz Cuadrado-Ballesteros","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad017","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, public sector research has developed a line related to women’s participation in government and its effect on public finances. In this vein, this article attempts to empirically analyze the effect women’s presence in local governments has on municipal financial health. For that, we use a sample of the 140 Spanish municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants during the period 2008–2018 and we create four indicators that refer to cash, budgetary and service-level solvency, as well as a global index that represents the municipal financial health. Our empirical results show that municipalities with a female mayor and with higher percentages of women in the council tend to have higher levels of these ratios. This supports the view that the entrance of women into the traditionally male-dominated public sphere could benefit governments’ financial health.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89015563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates gender dynamics during the Colombian armed conflict, where the ongoing peace process has had a unique focus on gender equality. Using a lens of militarized masculinity and original expert interviews with Colombian stakeholders in peacebuilding and human rights, the study analyzes how gender norms have been upheld and sanctioned in the context of conflict. Gender essentialisms have been reinforced by armed actors, with women’s and LGBT people’s bodies as central channels for reproducing traditional sociobiological roles. Expressions not conforming to the heterocisnormative gender order have been sanctioned with violence. While men have been disproportionally affected by combat violence, women and sexual and gender minorities have been more vulnerable to sexual violence and forced displacement. This militarization of gender norms in Colombia has constructed women’s and queer bodies as battlefields of war, severely undermining their safety, dignity, and autonomy.
{"title":"Gender Dynamics During the Colombian Armed Conflict","authors":"Signe Svallfors","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates gender dynamics during the Colombian armed conflict, where the ongoing peace process has had a unique focus on gender equality. Using a lens of militarized masculinity and original expert interviews with Colombian stakeholders in peacebuilding and human rights, the study analyzes how gender norms have been upheld and sanctioned in the context of conflict. Gender essentialisms have been reinforced by armed actors, with women’s and LGBT people’s bodies as central channels for reproducing traditional sociobiological roles. Expressions not conforming to the heterocisnormative gender order have been sanctioned with violence. While men have been disproportionally affected by combat violence, women and sexual and gender minorities have been more vulnerable to sexual violence and forced displacement. This militarization of gender norms in Colombia has constructed women’s and queer bodies as battlefields of war, severely undermining their safety, dignity, and autonomy.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82449873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Korteweg, G. Yurdakul, Jillian Sunderland, M. Streppel
Some European women who joined the Islamic State during the 2010s have had their citizenship revoked, which leaves them in a liminal state in camps at the Syrian border. Others have been able to return home, where they face prosecution and potential pathways to “rehabilitation.” This article turns to media discussions of two cases that have been extensively discussed in the media: Shamima Begum, a British national whose citizenship was revoked, and Laura Hansen, a Dutch national who was rehabilitated. Our analysis homes in on the symbolic dimension of social reproduction, showing how media representations of these two women as mothers, wives, and daughters play a critical role in media justifications of revocation and rehabilitation. We argue that media discourses create a gendered, racialized, and class-based conceptualization of citizenship unattainable to those whose social reproductive labor is deemed a threat to the nation-state.
{"title":"Social Reproduction Gone Wrong? The Citizenship Revocation and Rehabilitation of Young European Women Who Joined ISIS","authors":"A. Korteweg, G. Yurdakul, Jillian Sunderland, M. Streppel","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Some European women who joined the Islamic State during the 2010s have had their citizenship revoked, which leaves them in a liminal state in camps at the Syrian border. Others have been able to return home, where they face prosecution and potential pathways to “rehabilitation.” This article turns to media discussions of two cases that have been extensively discussed in the media: Shamima Begum, a British national whose citizenship was revoked, and Laura Hansen, a Dutch national who was rehabilitated. Our analysis homes in on the symbolic dimension of social reproduction, showing how media representations of these two women as mothers, wives, and daughters play a critical role in media justifications of revocation and rehabilitation. We argue that media discourses create a gendered, racialized, and class-based conceptualization of citizenship unattainable to those whose social reproductive labor is deemed a threat to the nation-state.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75902900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: From Male “Chance Narratives” to Female “Defeat Narratives”: Researchers in Catalonia Narrating the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on their Lives and Jobs","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135540947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article explores the nature of paid caring labor, based on a study of paid care assistants in care homes for older people in England. Drawing from critical studies of work as well as perspectives on gender, care, and family, the aim is to see how the workers deliver care in their employment settings and consider the implications. The findings indicate that, in jobs which typically underpay and where the conditions of work are demanding, these workers are driven by ideals of “good care,” “good caring,” and “good carers.” Such ideals, which are as much personal as professional, sometimes force them to trade-off loyalty to residents and their own interests. One cannot understand the nature of paid care without understanding the workers who do it, and understanding the workers means reaching deep into familial, economic, and social structures that reproduce paid care as a commodified form of unpaid care.
{"title":"Care Workers in English Care Homes: Managing Commodification, Motivations, and Caring Ideals","authors":"Mary Daly","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the nature of paid caring labor, based on a study of paid care assistants in care homes for older people in England. Drawing from critical studies of work as well as perspectives on gender, care, and family, the aim is to see how the workers deliver care in their employment settings and consider the implications. The findings indicate that, in jobs which typically underpay and where the conditions of work are demanding, these workers are driven by ideals of “good care,” “good caring,” and “good carers.” Such ideals, which are as much personal as professional, sometimes force them to trade-off loyalty to residents and their own interests. One cannot understand the nature of paid care without understanding the workers who do it, and understanding the workers means reaching deep into familial, economic, and social structures that reproduce paid care as a commodified form of unpaid care.","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The death of Júlia Szalai (1948–2022) is a great loss for Hungarian and international sociology; she was an intellectual leader with a critical, independent perspective in a field often endangered by political pressures. Her research ranged from the problems of recognition and redistribution in state socialism and later in capitalism, to the fate of the “losers” in the postsocialist period, to the solidarity-creating power of middle-class music. She worked across the East/West divide, determined to understand the seismic political and structural changes of her time. But it is equally a loss for readers of Social Politics not only because she served on the journal’s editorial board, but also because the themes she chose paralleled those around which Social Politics was Júlia Szalai
{"title":"In Memoriam: Júlia Szalai (1948–2022)","authors":"Barbara Hobson, S. Gal, Fiona Williams","doi":"10.1093/sp/jxad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxad013","url":null,"abstract":"The death of Júlia Szalai (1948–2022) is a great loss for Hungarian and international sociology; she was an intellectual leader with a critical, independent perspective in a field often endangered by political pressures. Her research ranged from the problems of recognition and redistribution in state socialism and later in capitalism, to the fate of the “losers” in the postsocialist period, to the solidarity-creating power of middle-class music. She worked across the East/West divide, determined to understand the seismic political and structural changes of her time. But it is equally a loss for readers of Social Politics not only because she served on the journal’s editorial board, but also because the themes she chose paralleled those around which Social Politics was Júlia Szalai","PeriodicalId":47441,"journal":{"name":"Social Politics","volume":"30 1","pages":"317 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47559301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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