Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2284404
Rona D. Linklater, Jeannie Judge, Patrik Sörqvist, John E. Marsh
The process-oriented account of auditory distraction suggests that task-disruption is a consequence of the joint action of task- and sound-related processes. Here, four experiments put this view to...
{"title":"Auditory distraction of vocal-motor behaviour by different components of song: testing an interference-by-process account","authors":"Rona D. Linklater, Jeannie Judge, Patrik Sörqvist, John E. Marsh","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2284404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2284404","url":null,"abstract":"The process-oriented account of auditory distraction suggests that task-disruption is a consequence of the joint action of task- and sound-related processes. Here, four experiments put this view to...","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138559504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2285860
Laura Rettie, Robert F. Potter, Gayle Brewer, Federica Degno, François Vachon, Robert W. Hughes, John E. Marsh
We examine whether the disruption of serial short-term memory (STM) by spoken taboo distractors is due to attentional diversion and unrelated to the underlying disruptive effect of sound on serial ...
{"title":"Warning—taboo words ahead! Avoiding attentional capture by spoken taboo distractors","authors":"Laura Rettie, Robert F. Potter, Gayle Brewer, Federica Degno, François Vachon, Robert W. Hughes, John E. Marsh","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2285860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2285860","url":null,"abstract":"We examine whether the disruption of serial short-term memory (STM) by spoken taboo distractors is due to attentional diversion and unrelated to the underlying disruptive effect of sound on serial ...","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138547367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2273576
Jan Rummel, Fynn Ole Wöstenfeld, Lena Steindorf, Jan Philipp Röer
ABSTRACTPeople are assumed to differ in their susceptibility to distraction, depending on their attentional control abilities. Accordingly, susceptibility to internal distraction (in terms of self-generated task-irrelevant thoughts) and to external distraction (in terms of task-irrelevant environmental stimuli) are considered two facets of a global attention-distractibility factor. While it is plausible that these two constructs overlap to some extent, susceptibility to internal and external distraction may nevertheless differ across situations. We thus investigated whether objective changes in external stimulation (manipulated by the presence versus absence of concurrent irrelevant speech) differentially affect perceived external and internal distraction during an ongoing task, and how both distraction types are related to attentional control. In Experiment 1, we used a working-memory task as ongoing task, in Experiment 2, we used a less demanding lexical-decision task. Results of both experiments consistently showed that perceived external distraction was increased whereas perceived internal distraction was decreased under irrelevant speech. Interestingly, attentional control was weakly positively related with perceived external distraction under irrelevant speech conditions. These results highlight that mutual dependencies between internal and external distraction experiences may be more complex than hitherto assumed.KEYWORDS: distractiontask-unrelated thoughtsirrelevant speechmind wandering Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 We thank Matthew Robison for sharing his programme with us.2 We thank Frederik Wallner, who also wrote his master thesis in this project, for his help with the data collection.3 We thank an anonymous reviewer for bringing this interpretation of the findings to our attention
{"title":"Effects of cognitive load on perceived internal and external distraction and their relationship with attentional control","authors":"Jan Rummel, Fynn Ole Wöstenfeld, Lena Steindorf, Jan Philipp Röer","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2273576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2273576","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPeople are assumed to differ in their susceptibility to distraction, depending on their attentional control abilities. Accordingly, susceptibility to internal distraction (in terms of self-generated task-irrelevant thoughts) and to external distraction (in terms of task-irrelevant environmental stimuli) are considered two facets of a global attention-distractibility factor. While it is plausible that these two constructs overlap to some extent, susceptibility to internal and external distraction may nevertheless differ across situations. We thus investigated whether objective changes in external stimulation (manipulated by the presence versus absence of concurrent irrelevant speech) differentially affect perceived external and internal distraction during an ongoing task, and how both distraction types are related to attentional control. In Experiment 1, we used a working-memory task as ongoing task, in Experiment 2, we used a less demanding lexical-decision task. Results of both experiments consistently showed that perceived external distraction was increased whereas perceived internal distraction was decreased under irrelevant speech. Interestingly, attentional control was weakly positively related with perceived external distraction under irrelevant speech conditions. These results highlight that mutual dependencies between internal and external distraction experiences may be more complex than hitherto assumed.KEYWORDS: distractiontask-unrelated thoughtsirrelevant speechmind wandering Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 We thank Matthew Robison for sharing his programme with us.2 We thank Frederik Wallner, who also wrote his master thesis in this project, for his help with the data collection.3 We thank an anonymous reviewer for bringing this interpretation of the findings to our attention","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"53 28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136069558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2260050
Camilo Arévalo-Romero, Stefanella Costa-Cordella, Daniel Rojas-Líbano
ABSTRACTCognitive performance depends on contextual elements, such as the response type (“Go/No-Go” (GNG) or “Two-Alternative Choice” (TAC)) used in experimental tasks. In general, it is assumed that GNG shows faster response times and lower error rates than TAC. To systematically analyze these effects, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of GNG and TAC on cognitive processing across experimental paradigms. After examination of diverse databases, 24 scientific articles were included. We found eight different cognitive tasks, presentling results mainly of behavioural variables, with only three studies including neural recordings. We found that GNG shows faster response times and lower error rates than TAC, although this changes depending on task configurations. The scarce neural evidence suggests that the differences might occur at early processing stages. Future simultaneously recorded behavioural and electrophysiological data is needed to gain better understanding of these contextual effects.KEYWORDS: Cognitive processes; experimental cognitive tasksGo/No-GoTwo-Alternative Choice; visual information processing; contextual factors Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementFree access to meta-analysis data in OSF (https://osf.io/c6tnb). In OSF you can also access all the material related to the process of this work (https://osf.io/jkbev/files/osfstorage).Notes1 For this work, “target stimulus” will refer to the content of the visual stimulus that meets the task’s requirement. When it appears on the screen, the participants must direct an open GNG response (i.e., Go response) and an affirmative response in TAC (i.e., Yes response).2 We are indebted to an anonymous reviewer of this article for suggesting the idea of this plot.3 Wühr and Heuer's (Citation2022) results are not considered here because they counterbalanced the target stimulus for each participant.Additional informationFundingThis project was financed by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID) through the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) Iniciación en Investigación N° 11190604 granted to DRL and FONDECYT Postdoctorado N° 3220844 granted to SCC.
摘要认知表现取决于情境因素，如实验任务中使用的反应类型(“去/不去”(GNG)或“两种选择”(TAC))。通常，假设GNG的响应时间比TAC快，错误率比TAC低。为了系统分析这些影响，我们进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，以评估GNG和TAC在不同实验范式下对认知加工的影响。在对不同数据库进行检查后，纳入了24篇科学文章。我们发现了8种不同的认知任务，主要呈现行为变量的结果，只有3项研究包括神经记录。我们发现GNG比TAC的响应时间更快，错误率更低，尽管这取决于任务配置。缺乏的神经学证据表明，这种差异可能发生在早期处理阶段。未来需要同时记录行为和电生理数据，以更好地理解这些背景效应。关键词:认知过程;实验认知任务go /No-Go;视觉信息处理;背景因素披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。数据可用性statementosf中元分析数据的免费访问(https://osf.io/c6tnb)。在OSF中，您还可以访问与此工作过程相关的所有材料(https://osf.io/jkbev/files/osfstorage)。注1在本工作中，“目标刺激”是指满足任务要求的视觉刺激的内容。当它出现在屏幕上时，参与者必须指示一个开放的GNG响应(即Go响应)和TAC中的肯定响应(即Yes响应)我们感谢本文的一位匿名评论者，他提出了这个情节的想法w和Heuer (Citation2022)的结果在这里不被考虑，因为他们平衡了每个参与者的目标刺激。本项目由智利国家研究与发展机构Investigación (ANID)资助，通过智利国家研究与发展基金会Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) Iniciación en Investigación (N°11190604)资助DRL, FONDECYT博士后基金(N°3220844)资助SCC。
{"title":"The role of contextual factors on neurocognitive processing: a systematic review with meta-analysis of the effect of response types in cognitive tasks","authors":"Camilo Arévalo-Romero, Stefanella Costa-Cordella, Daniel Rojas-Líbano","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2260050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2260050","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCognitive performance depends on contextual elements, such as the response type (“Go/No-Go” (GNG) or “Two-Alternative Choice” (TAC)) used in experimental tasks. In general, it is assumed that GNG shows faster response times and lower error rates than TAC. To systematically analyze these effects, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of GNG and TAC on cognitive processing across experimental paradigms. After examination of diverse databases, 24 scientific articles were included. We found eight different cognitive tasks, presentling results mainly of behavioural variables, with only three studies including neural recordings. We found that GNG shows faster response times and lower error rates than TAC, although this changes depending on task configurations. The scarce neural evidence suggests that the differences might occur at early processing stages. Future simultaneously recorded behavioural and electrophysiological data is needed to gain better understanding of these contextual effects.KEYWORDS: Cognitive processes; experimental cognitive tasksGo/No-GoTwo-Alternative Choice; visual information processing; contextual factors Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementFree access to meta-analysis data in OSF (https://osf.io/c6tnb). In OSF you can also access all the material related to the process of this work (https://osf.io/jkbev/files/osfstorage).Notes1 For this work, “target stimulus” will refer to the content of the visual stimulus that meets the task’s requirement. When it appears on the screen, the participants must direct an open GNG response (i.e., Go response) and an affirmative response in TAC (i.e., Yes response).2 We are indebted to an anonymous reviewer of this article for suggesting the idea of this plot.3 Wühr and Heuer's (Citation2022) results are not considered here because they counterbalanced the target stimulus for each participant.Additional informationFundingThis project was financed by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID) through the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) Iniciación en Investigación N° 11190604 granted to DRL and FONDECYT Postdoctorado N° 3220844 granted to SCC.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136314273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2260048
Chan Wai Mak, Weng-Tink Chooi
ABSTRACTThe truth effect, wherein repeated information gains perceived truthfulness, has been extensively studied in participants’ primary languages, showing robustness. However, individual differences in the truth effect due to working memory capacity (WMC) remain less explored. This study tested the truth effect and its relation to WMC amongst 130 young adults in Malaysia via Zoom. They were first exposed to 45 semantically meaningless statements (exposure phase). Then, participants completed a series of working memory tasks, including Backward Digit Span, Operation Span and Symmetry Span, before being exposed to the same 45 statements and 15 new statements. In the second exposure (rating phase), participants rated each statement on a 6-point Likert scale on its fluency and truth value. Results indicated fluency's significant association with the truth effect, consistent with prior research, while WMC showed no significant relationship. The truth effect persisted even when presented in a non-native language, highlighting its cross-linguistic significance.KEYWORDS: perceived truthworking memoryprocessing fluencynon-WEIRDcognitive bias Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Publication ethicsInformed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. All procedures in the study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of Human Research Ethics Committee USM (HREC). Study protocol number [20060303].AuthorshipChan Wai Mak, writing—original draft, data curation, formal analysis; Weng-Tink Chooi, methodology, supervision, writing—review & editing.All authors approved the final version of the article.Open dataThe data that support the findings of this study are openly available at Open Science Framework http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WU4JQ.Additional informationFundingThis research was supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia Short-Term Grant (304/PSOSIAL/6315579) to WENG-TINK CHOOI.
{"title":"Fluency trumps working memory capacity in the truth effect","authors":"Chan Wai Mak, Weng-Tink Chooi","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2260048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2260048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe truth effect, wherein repeated information gains perceived truthfulness, has been extensively studied in participants’ primary languages, showing robustness. However, individual differences in the truth effect due to working memory capacity (WMC) remain less explored. This study tested the truth effect and its relation to WMC amongst 130 young adults in Malaysia via Zoom. They were first exposed to 45 semantically meaningless statements (exposure phase). Then, participants completed a series of working memory tasks, including Backward Digit Span, Operation Span and Symmetry Span, before being exposed to the same 45 statements and 15 new statements. In the second exposure (rating phase), participants rated each statement on a 6-point Likert scale on its fluency and truth value. Results indicated fluency's significant association with the truth effect, consistent with prior research, while WMC showed no significant relationship. The truth effect persisted even when presented in a non-native language, highlighting its cross-linguistic significance.KEYWORDS: perceived truthworking memoryprocessing fluencynon-WEIRDcognitive bias Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Publication ethicsInformed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. All procedures in the study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of Human Research Ethics Committee USM (HREC). Study protocol number [20060303].AuthorshipChan Wai Mak, writing—original draft, data curation, formal analysis; Weng-Tink Chooi, methodology, supervision, writing—review & editing.All authors approved the final version of the article.Open dataThe data that support the findings of this study are openly available at Open Science Framework http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WU4JQ.Additional informationFundingThis research was supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia Short-Term Grant (304/PSOSIAL/6315579) to WENG-TINK CHOOI.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136314856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2253997
Shir Dekel, Bruce Burns, Micah Goldwater
Previous experiments have shown that a comparison of two written narratives highlights their shared relational structure, which in turn facilitates the retrieval of analogous narratives from the past. However, analogical retrieval occurs across domains that appear more conceptually distant than merely different narratives, and the deepest analogies use matches in higher-order relational structure. The present study investigated whether schema abstraction can facilitate analogical retrieval of higher-order relations across written narratives and abstract symbolic problems. Participants read stories which became retrieval targets after a delay, cued by either analogous stories or letter-strings. We replicated prior research that used narrative retrieval cues, and also found clear evidence that a comparison of analogous letter-string problems and explanation of the underlying principle facilitated the retrieval of source stories with analogous higher-order relations. These findings show that the schemas abstracted from comparison of narratives can be transferred to non-semantic symbolic domains.
{"title":"Leaping across the mental canyon: higher-order long-distance analogical retrieval","authors":"Shir Dekel, Bruce Burns, Micah Goldwater","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2253997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2253997","url":null,"abstract":"Previous experiments have shown that a comparison of two written narratives highlights their shared relational structure, which in turn facilitates the retrieval of analogous narratives from the past. However, analogical retrieval occurs across domains that appear more conceptually distant than merely different narratives, and the deepest analogies use matches in higher-order relational structure. The present study investigated whether schema abstraction can facilitate analogical retrieval of higher-order relations across written narratives and abstract symbolic problems. Participants read stories which became retrieval targets after a delay, cued by either analogous stories or letter-strings. We replicated prior research that used narrative retrieval cues, and also found clear evidence that a comparison of analogous letter-string problems and explanation of the underlying principle facilitated the retrieval of source stories with analogous higher-order relations. These findings show that the schemas abstracted from comparison of narratives can be transferred to non-semantic symbolic domains.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"306 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-24DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2249627
Ling Lee Cheong, Melanie Jing Yan Kee, Po Ling Chen
ABSTRACT This study examined how attentional resources of the same or across sensory modalities with varying levels of task load affect cognitive performance. A total of 120 young adults completed an experiment that simultaneously processed either visual–visual (V–V) or visual–auditory (V–A) stimuli. A mixed ANOVA revealed that performance in the V–V experiment was superior to the V–A experiment. Furthermore, performance was significantly better for single tasks relative to dual tasks. The interaction effect showed that increased task load significantly impacted the performance in the V–V experiment but not in the V–A experiment. The findings implied that multi-sensory integration is only more manageable when information processing involves the same type of (visual) sensory modality and with low task load, but less effective for high-level attentional tasks even with the same sensory modality. The effectiveness of cross-modal multi-sensory integration can be compromised potentially due to the inhibitory effect of audio over visual information.
{"title":"How attentional resources of the same or across sensory modalities and task load affect cognitive performance? A multi-sensory integration study","authors":"Ling Lee Cheong, Melanie Jing Yan Kee, Po Ling Chen","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2249627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2249627","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examined how attentional resources of the same or across sensory modalities with varying levels of task load affect cognitive performance. A total of 120 young adults completed an experiment that simultaneously processed either visual–visual (V–V) or visual–auditory (V–A) stimuli. A mixed ANOVA revealed that performance in the V–V experiment was superior to the V–A experiment. Furthermore, performance was significantly better for single tasks relative to dual tasks. The interaction effect showed that increased task load significantly impacted the performance in the V–V experiment but not in the V–A experiment. The findings implied that multi-sensory integration is only more manageable when information processing involves the same type of (visual) sensory modality and with low task load, but less effective for high-level attentional tasks even with the same sensory modality. The effectiveness of cross-modal multi-sensory integration can be compromised potentially due to the inhibitory effect of audio over visual information.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"812 - 820"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60004402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2248685
Elisa Arena, K. Hamburger
ABSTRACT Recent studies suggest that the olfactory system is not as indiscriminative as previously thought. Odours can serve as useful landmark information. The current study explored recognition and wayfinding performance in 54 participants (52 at t2), who either received 18 unimodal (only visual or olfactory) or multimodal (visual-olfactory) landmark information during a learning phase in a virtual reality maze before finding their way through it. Recognition performance was assessed in a recognition task (18 targets, 18 distractors). The experiment was repeated after one month. As expected, participants showed poorer recognition performance if presented with odours compared to the other two conditions. But, recognition performance did not decline over time. Wayfinding performance was similar across all conditions. However, odours were the only condition with stable performance over time, possibly due to emotional mediation and deeper processing. Multimodal material added no value to wayfinding performance, supposedly due to higher cognitive load.
{"title":"Olfactory and visual vs. multimodal landmark processing in human wayfinding: a virtual reality experiment","authors":"Elisa Arena, K. Hamburger","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2248685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2248685","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Recent studies suggest that the olfactory system is not as indiscriminative as previously thought. Odours can serve as useful landmark information. The current study explored recognition and wayfinding performance in 54 participants (52 at t2), who either received 18 unimodal (only visual or olfactory) or multimodal (visual-olfactory) landmark information during a learning phase in a virtual reality maze before finding their way through it. Recognition performance was assessed in a recognition task (18 targets, 18 distractors). The experiment was repeated after one month. As expected, participants showed poorer recognition performance if presented with odours compared to the other two conditions. But, recognition performance did not decline over time. Wayfinding performance was similar across all conditions. However, odours were the only condition with stable performance over time, possibly due to emotional mediation and deeper processing. Multimodal material added no value to wayfinding performance, supposedly due to higher cognitive load.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"688 - 709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42576097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2245600
Daria Ford, M. Nieznański
ABSTRACT The dual-recollection model has been successfully applied in research on memory for truth and falsity, suggesting that “true” feedback is better recollected than “false” feedback. We used this approach to test whether the Cartesian or the Spinozan model would be a better framework to describe processes underlying memory for truth and falsity. Our sample consisted of 108 students, who performed the conjoint recognition test under: no-load, refreshing-interference or rehearsal-interference conditions. We found no difference in the rate of falsely attributing “true” label to false sentences than vice versa under cognitive load, which supported the Cartesian model. Multinomial processing tree model analyses confirmed better context memory for true than false sentences in no-load condition. Cognitive load mostly influenced context recollection for true sentences, with nonsignificant effects on context recollection for false sentences, which contradicts the Spinozan model.
{"title":"Cognitive load reduces context recollection for true sentences","authors":"Daria Ford, M. Nieznański","doi":"10.1080/20445911.2023.2245600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2023.2245600","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dual-recollection model has been successfully applied in research on memory for truth and falsity, suggesting that “true” feedback is better recollected than “false” feedback. We used this approach to test whether the Cartesian or the Spinozan model would be a better framework to describe processes underlying memory for truth and falsity. Our sample consisted of 108 students, who performed the conjoint recognition test under: no-load, refreshing-interference or rehearsal-interference conditions. We found no difference in the rate of falsely attributing “true” label to false sentences than vice versa under cognitive load, which supported the Cartesian model. Multinomial processing tree model analyses confirmed better context memory for true than false sentences in no-load condition. Cognitive load mostly influenced context recollection for true sentences, with nonsignificant effects on context recollection for false sentences, which contradicts the Spinozan model.","PeriodicalId":47483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cognitive Psychology","volume":"35 1","pages":"663 - 676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45903041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2023.2247610
Xingzi Zhang, Haiming Xu, H. Zhang, Jie Sun, Chichi Wang, Zhenxia Pei
ABSTRACT This study examined the nature of orthographic knowledge in second langauge (L2) literacy acquisition among Chinese young readers of English as a foreign language (EFL). One hundred and four third-grade Chinese EFL children participated in this study and they completed a battery of reading measures, including phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension. Drawing upon hierarchical regression and path analysis, the study found that orthographic knowledge and vocabulary knowledge explained a unique proportion of variance in L2 English reading comprehension after phonological awareness was accounted for. It was also observed that vocabulary knowledge had a mediating effect on both orthographic knowledge and reading comprehension, whereas phonological awareness did not induce mediating patterns. These findings substantiate the unique contribution of orthographic knowledge to L2 English reading comprehension, and provide empirical evidence for the current models of reading for young L2 English readers.
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