Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403683
J. Richman, D. Mercer, T. Mason
Abstract This paper is a product of serendipity. It explores how wardbased psychiatric nurses in one Special Hospital attribute the notion of ‘evil’ to deviant activities. Staff were asked to read and make comments about a series of vignettes, abbreviated offence scenarios, from which emerged the construction of a taxonomic order of evil. These explanations of evil were then juxtaposed alongside their counterparts from theodicy. Deviancy attributed to extreme psychoticism is not credited with being an evil act, such individuals having a primordial contract of innocence. In contrast, extreme crimes committed by those with a psychopathic disorder are considered evil. An evil act is seen to be one which transgresses a ‘natural boundary’; the product of purposeful action after the accumulation of stages of ‘reality testing’; and, finally, a consequence of the extinction of moral bonding leading to residual instinctive behaviour.
{"title":"The social construction of evil in a forensic setting","authors":"J. Richman, D. Mercer, T. Mason","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403683","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper is a product of serendipity. It explores how wardbased psychiatric nurses in one Special Hospital attribute the notion of ‘evil’ to deviant activities. Staff were asked to read and make comments about a series of vignettes, abbreviated offence scenarios, from which emerged the construction of a taxonomic order of evil. These explanations of evil were then juxtaposed alongside their counterparts from theodicy. Deviancy attributed to extreme psychoticism is not credited with being an evil act, such individuals having a primordial contract of innocence. In contrast, extreme crimes committed by those with a psychopathic disorder are considered evil. An evil act is seen to be one which transgresses a ‘natural boundary’; the product of purposeful action after the accumulation of stages of ‘reality testing’; and, finally, a consequence of the extinction of moral bonding leading to residual instinctive behaviour.","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":"300-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83702153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403691
G. O'keeffe
{"title":"Management of imminent violence: Guidelines issued by the Research Unit of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","authors":"G. O'keeffe","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403691","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"2 1","pages":"391-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72969738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403693
G. Gudjonsson
This report describes the case of Henry Lee Lucas, who is estimated to have confessed to over 600 murders in the early 1980s. He is the most prolific serial confessor in recent history and is currently on death row in Texas, awaiting his execution. The author interviewed Mr Lucas in 1996 and conducted a detailed psychological evaluation at the request of his defence team, the results of which were presented to an appeal judge by way of two lengthy depositions. The psychological evaluation provided an important insight into the factors that make a serial false confessor. It showed how personality disorder, combined with poor self-esteem, an eagerness to please, high anxiety and compliance, a pathological need for notoriety, custodial pressures and manipulative interrogation tactics, can result in multiple false confessions to murder.
{"title":"The making of a serial false confessor: The confessions of Henry Lee Lucas","authors":"G. Gudjonsson","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403693","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes the case of Henry Lee Lucas, who is estimated to have confessed to over 600 murders in the early 1980s. He is the most prolific serial confessor in recent history and is currently on death row in Texas, awaiting his execution. The author interviewed Mr Lucas in 1996 and conducted a detailed psychological evaluation at the request of his defence team, the results of which were presented to an appeal judge by way of two lengthy depositions. The psychological evaluation provided an important insight into the factors that make a serial false confessor. It showed how personality disorder, combined with poor self-esteem, an eagerness to please, high anxiety and compliance, a pathological need for notoriety, custodial pressures and manipulative interrogation tactics, can result in multiple false confessions to murder.","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"52 1","pages":"416-426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74007332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403686
Steve Brown
Abstract In the Australian state of Queensland responsibility for determining criminal responsibility in a mentally ill person charged with offences lies with the mental health tribunal (MHT), a special sitting of the Supreme Court. The MHT consists of a senior judge, advised by two eminent psychiatrists, who adopts an inquisitorial approach to the examination of psychiatric evidence. A hospital order is usually imposed for serious offences but community treatment can also be ordered. The Queensland system aims to provide access to psychiatric treatment and to careful consideration of criminal responsibility for all persons charged with an indictable offence, and to make these options available even to defendants facing relatively minor charges. The system is broadly popular with local forensic psychiatrists though they criticize its speed and flexibility. It is less popular with politicians and the press, who complain that it allows criminals to evade responsibility for their offences. There is no resear...
{"title":"The mental health tribunal of Queensland: A useful model for UK forensic psychiatry?","authors":"Steve Brown","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403686","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the Australian state of Queensland responsibility for determining criminal responsibility in a mentally ill person charged with offences lies with the mental health tribunal (MHT), a special sitting of the Supreme Court. The MHT consists of a senior judge, advised by two eminent psychiatrists, who adopts an inquisitorial approach to the examination of psychiatric evidence. A hospital order is usually imposed for serious offences but community treatment can also be ordered. The Queensland system aims to provide access to psychiatric treatment and to careful consideration of criminal responsibility for all persons charged with an indictable offence, and to make these options available even to defendants facing relatively minor charges. The system is broadly popular with local forensic psychiatrists though they criticize its speed and flexibility. It is less popular with politicians and the press, who complain that it allows criminals to evade responsibility for their offences. There is no resear...","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"106 1","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76143711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403685
S. Geelan, Claire Nickford
Abstract The majority of patients within medium secure units in England and Wales suffer from schizophrenia. Family interventions are of proven benefit in the management of this illness. A telephone survey was undertaken to gain an understanding of the use of this technique in medium secure facilities, what limited its availability and what problems were encountered in its use in a secure setting. Family therapy was used relatively infrequently, with several services not convinced of its benefits. In services that did undertake such work there were no set criteria and little reference was made to the importance of the level of expressed emotion within the family. The type of work undertaken also varied considerably. The work was not routinely supervised by trained therapists and this may explain its poor focus. Most services reported a lack of appropriately trained staff as a factor limiting the availability of family work. There is strong evidence for the need to train staff in this technique for use in ...
{"title":"A survey of the use of family therapy in medium secure units in England and Wales","authors":"S. Geelan, Claire Nickford","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403685","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The majority of patients within medium secure units in England and Wales suffer from schizophrenia. Family interventions are of proven benefit in the management of this illness. A telephone survey was undertaken to gain an understanding of the use of this technique in medium secure facilities, what limited its availability and what problems were encountered in its use in a secure setting. Family therapy was used relatively infrequently, with several services not convinced of its benefits. In services that did undertake such work there were no set criteria and little reference was made to the importance of the level of expressed emotion within the family. The type of work undertaken also varied considerably. The work was not routinely supervised by trained therapists and this may explain its poor focus. Most services reported a lack of appropriately trained staff as a factor limiting the availability of family work. There is strong evidence for the need to train staff in this technique for use in ...","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"53 1","pages":"317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86872027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403694
C. Claus, L. Lidberg
Abstract This paper proposes a syndrome model for systematic understanding of serial murder. The five components of the model are: omnipotence, sadistic fantasies, ritualized performance, dehumanization, and symbiotic merger. The purpose of the model is to facilitate risk assessment, crime prevention and treatment planning. The serial killer acts as if deprived of his entire existence. Thus, a psychotherapy process must focus on distinct settings to achieve its object as a source of information about primitive psychic mechanisms.
{"title":"Serial murder as a Schahriar syndrome","authors":"C. Claus, L. Lidberg","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403694","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper proposes a syndrome model for systematic understanding of serial murder. The five components of the model are: omnipotence, sadistic fantasies, ritualized performance, dehumanization, and symbiotic merger. The purpose of the model is to facilitate risk assessment, crime prevention and treatment planning. The serial killer acts as if deprived of his entire existence. Thus, a psychotherapy process must focus on distinct settings to achieve its object as a source of information about primitive psychic mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":"427-435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84593586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403692
P. Santtila, Petri Alkiora, Magnus Ekholm, P. Niemi
Abstract This article describes a case of a post-office robbery in which two validated false confessions were made. A young man, Mr S, made a detailed confession to the actual robbery whereas his partner, Ms A, confessed to having been present when Mr S and his accomplice left to carry out the robbery as well as to hearing Mr S confess to the robbery. Both of these confessions later turned out to be false. Mr S's confession had the hallmarks of a coerced-internalized false confession, compared with Ms A's, which was more likely a coerced-compliant false confession. The individual and situational factors that probably contributed to these false confessions are described. Mr S had high suggestibility, low memory ability, and high anxiety. Ms A did not have these vulnerabilities. Both had been drinking alcohol and using drugs for an extended period of time, thus resulting in relative lack of memory for the day of the robbery as well as withdrawal symptoms while incarcerated which may have contributed to the ...
{"title":"False confession to robbery: The roles of suggestibility, anxiety, memory disturbance and withdrawal symptoms","authors":"P. Santtila, Petri Alkiora, Magnus Ekholm, P. Niemi","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403692","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article describes a case of a post-office robbery in which two validated false confessions were made. A young man, Mr S, made a detailed confession to the actual robbery whereas his partner, Ms A, confessed to having been present when Mr S and his accomplice left to carry out the robbery as well as to hearing Mr S confess to the robbery. Both of these confessions later turned out to be false. Mr S's confession had the hallmarks of a coerced-internalized false confession, compared with Ms A's, which was more likely a coerced-compliant false confession. The individual and situational factors that probably contributed to these false confessions are described. Mr S had high suggestibility, low memory ability, and high anxiety. Ms A did not have these vulnerabilities. Both had been drinking alcohol and using drugs for an extended period of time, thus resulting in relative lack of memory for the day of the robbery as well as withdrawal symptoms while incarcerated which may have contributed to the ...","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"599 1","pages":"399-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77018068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403680
M. Dolan, R. Gibb, P. Coorey
Abstract Although mental health review tribunals were introduced to safeguard the rights of patients detained under the Mental Health Act 1983, increasing concern has been expressed over delays, costs and ultimate efficacy. This study attempted to examine Special Hospital patients' perspectives on the functioning of tribunals. The findings indicate that although patients in this group frequently exercise their rights of application the majority have a very limited understanding of the powers of tribunals. The vast majority of applications were made without consultation with the responsible medical officer (RMO) and in only 6% of cases had a positive RMO recommendation. The latter cases tended to be those which were most successful. Given the costs of aborted tribunal applications and unsuccessful hearings, consideration should be given to greater liaison between legal and medical representatives of patients when considering application for a tribunal hearing, and greater education of patients to improve t...
{"title":"Mental heath review tribunals: A survey of special hospital patients' opinions","authors":"M. Dolan, R. Gibb, P. Coorey","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403680","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although mental health review tribunals were introduced to safeguard the rights of patients detained under the Mental Health Act 1983, increasing concern has been expressed over delays, costs and ultimate efficacy. This study attempted to examine Special Hospital patients' perspectives on the functioning of tribunals. The findings indicate that although patients in this group frequently exercise their rights of application the majority have a very limited understanding of the powers of tribunals. The vast majority of applications were made without consultation with the responsible medical officer (RMO) and in only 6% of cases had a positive RMO recommendation. The latter cases tended to be those which were most successful. Given the costs of aborted tribunal applications and unsuccessful hearings, consideration should be given to greater liaison between legal and medical representatives of patients when considering application for a tribunal hearing, and greater education of patients to improve t...","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"264-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09585189908403680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72535197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403688
Piotr Pierzchniak MRCPsych, MRCPsych Frank Farnham BSc, Nikki de Taranto MRCPsych, CQSlU Deborah Bull MSc, CPsychol Harpreet Gill MSc, Paul Bester MRCPsych, Cub MSc Ffphm Alison McCallum Mb, Md Mrcp MRCPsych Harry Kennedy BSc
The mental health service needs of all North London patients in medium (N = 97) and maximum security (N = 79) were assessed. Patients and key nurses were interviewed using validated measures and, for patients in maximum security, the respective responsible medical officers (RMOs) also completed a standard enquiry form. Multi-disciplinary panels from the catchment areas then rated immediate and future needs for security and treatment. Unlike previous studies, we found only 25% of patients ready for an immediate move to lower security and a greater disparity between those thought ready for discharge by their Special Hospital RMO and those thought ready for discharge by the local panels. We identified a particular unmet need for long-term, 24-hour, nurse-staffed accommodation, rather than long-term medium security.
{"title":"Assessing the needs of patients in secure settings: A multi-disciplinary approach","authors":"Piotr Pierzchniak MRCPsych, MRCPsych Frank Farnham BSc, Nikki de Taranto MRCPsych, CQSlU Deborah Bull MSc, CPsychol Harpreet Gill MSc, Paul Bester MRCPsych, Cub MSc Ffphm Alison McCallum Mb, Md Mrcp MRCPsych Harry Kennedy BSc","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403688","url":null,"abstract":"The mental health service needs of all North London patients in medium (N = 97) and maximum security (N = 79) were assessed. Patients and key nurses were interviewed using validated measures and, for patients in maximum security, the respective responsible medical officers (RMOs) also completed a standard enquiry form. Multi-disciplinary panels from the catchment areas then rated immediate and future needs for security and treatment. Unlike previous studies, we found only 25% of patients ready for an immediate move to lower security and a greater disparity between those thought ready for discharge by their Special Hospital RMO and those thought ready for discharge by the local panels. We identified a particular unmet need for long-term, 24-hour, nurse-staffed accommodation, rather than long-term medium security.","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"28 1","pages":"343-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85852214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-09-01DOI: 10.1080/09585189908403679
G. Gudjonsson, S. Rabe-Hesketh, Claire Wilson
All violent incident forms completed between 1980 and 1996 on the regional secure unit at the Bethlem Royal Hospital were analysed. During the 17-year period 280 patients were admitted and of those 165 (59%) were involved in one or more violent incidents. There were 2,180 incidents. Two thirds (66%) of incidents were recorded between 1983 and 1986. The incidents peaked at mealtimes, at medication times, and at 2100 hours, the time when day-staff leave and night-staff arrive. A statistical model was developed to analyse the relationship between legal section, diagnosis, age, gender and ethnic differences, and the rate of incidents. The rate of incidents was significantly related to the age of the patients, the time period when the patients were on the unit, and the legal section they were detained under.
{"title":"Violent incidents on a medium secure unit over a 17-year period","authors":"G. Gudjonsson, S. Rabe-Hesketh, Claire Wilson","doi":"10.1080/09585189908403679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09585189908403679","url":null,"abstract":"All violent incident forms completed between 1980 and 1996 on the regional secure unit at the Bethlem Royal Hospital were analysed. During the 17-year period 280 patients were admitted and of those 165 (59%) were involved in one or more violent incidents. There were 2,180 incidents. Two thirds (66%) of incidents were recorded between 1983 and 1986. The incidents peaked at mealtimes, at medication times, and at 2100 hours, the time when day-staff leave and night-staff arrive. A statistical model was developed to analyse the relationship between legal section, diagnosis, age, gender and ethnic differences, and the rate of incidents. The rate of incidents was significantly related to the age of the patients, the time period when the patients were on the unit, and the legal section they were detained under.","PeriodicalId":47524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology","volume":"106 1","pages":"249-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"1999-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73407422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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