Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15325020490255322
Yuval Neria, Brett T Litz
When people lose intimates unexpectedly, in particular from malicious acts of violence, they are at risk for chronic grief reactions. The phenomenology, clinical symptoms, clinical needs, and risk factors associated with loss by traumatic means and the combined influences of loss and trauma exposure are yet to be systematically studied. We review the complex interplay between trauma and loss by traumatic means. The distinctions between normal and traumatic loss, and complicated and traumatic grief, are contrasted with the traditional conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder. The role of various mediators such as concurrent or life-span trauma exposure and interpersonal factors, particularly the degree of attachment to the individual or group traumatically lost, is discussed. We offer a more integrated and focused view of traumatic grief, its predictors, and future directions for the integrative study of trauma and loss outcomes.
{"title":"BEREAVEMENT BY TRAUMATIC MEANS: THE COMPLEX SYNERGY OF TRAUMA AND GRIEF.","authors":"Yuval Neria, Brett T Litz","doi":"10.1080/15325020490255322","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15325020490255322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When people lose intimates unexpectedly, in particular from malicious acts of violence, they are at risk for chronic grief reactions. The phenomenology, clinical symptoms, clinical needs, and risk factors associated with loss by traumatic means and the combined influences of loss and trauma exposure are yet to be systematically studied. We review the complex interplay between trauma and loss by traumatic means. The distinctions between normal and traumatic loss, and complicated and traumatic grief, are contrasted with the traditional conceptualization of posttraumatic stress disorder. The role of various mediators such as concurrent or life-span trauma exposure and interpersonal factors, particularly the degree of attachment to the individual or group traumatically lost, is discussed. We offer a more integrated and focused view of traumatic grief, its predictors, and future directions for the integrative study of trauma and loss outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"9 1","pages":"73-87"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325020490255322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31397485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danson Jones, John Harvey, Debra Giza, Charles Rodican, Paul J Barreira, Cathaleene Macias
Nearly a fourth (22%) of the participants within a research sample of 148 individuals with serious mental illness reported the death of a loved one as a significant loss, and two thirds of these deaths involved the loss of one or both parents. The key determinant of the severity and duration of grief in response to the death of a parent was whether or not there were extenuating circumstances that complicated the death event, such as co-residence with the deceased at the time of death or a lack of regular social contact with anyone other than the deceased. In all instances of severe or prolonged grief, there was no preparation for the parental death, either through preparatory counseling or practical plans for funeral arrangements, financial repercussions, life-style changes, or residential relocation. Mental health agencies serving people with serious mental illness should begin to incorporate financial and emotional preparation for parental deaths and bereavement counseling as essential services.
{"title":"PARENTAL DEATH IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS.","authors":"Danson Jones, John Harvey, Debra Giza, Charles Rodican, Paul J Barreira, Cathaleene Macias","doi":"10.1080/15325020305883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020305883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nearly a fourth (22%) of the participants within a research sample of 148 individuals with serious mental illness reported the death of a loved one as a significant loss, and two thirds of these deaths involved the loss of one or both parents. The key determinant of the severity and duration of grief in response to the death of a parent was whether or not there were extenuating circumstances that complicated the death event, such as co-residence with the deceased at the time of death or a lack of regular social contact with anyone other than the deceased. In all instances of severe or prolonged grief, there was no preparation for the parental death, either through preparatory counseling or practical plans for funeral arrangements, financial repercussions, life-style changes, or residential relocation. Mental health agencies serving people with serious mental illness should begin to incorporate financial and emotional preparation for parental deaths and bereavement counseling as essential services.</p>","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"8 4","pages":"307-322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2003-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325020305883","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28594918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1080/108114402753344454
L. Blair
{"title":"INTO THE LIGHT","authors":"L. Blair","doi":"10.1080/108114402753344454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/108114402753344454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/108114402753344454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59635926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1080/108114401317087815
Joanne Hudson, Elizabeth Mary Board, David Lavallee
The aim of the current study was to examine the experiences of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients within the framework of psychological loss. All participants in this study reported experiencing losses of some nature, some of which were tangible and others less so. However, these do not appear to be strictly independent from each other in that tangible losses, such as loss of income, were underpinned by intangible losses, such as loss of self-esteem. For CR patients, it seems that the losses reported are experienced at more than one level.The first is an externally visible and objectively quantifiable level (for example, loss of occupation) , whereas the second is a more symbolic, phenomenologically based level (for example, loss of purpose as previously defined through one's occupational role). The CR program examined in this study helped patients to effectively deal with these losses and to experience additional developmental gain.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION IN DEALING WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL LOSS AMONG SURVIVORS OF A CARDIAC EVENT","authors":"Joanne Hudson, Elizabeth Mary Board, David Lavallee","doi":"10.1080/108114401317087815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/108114401317087815","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to examine the experiences of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients within the framework of psychological loss. All participants in this study reported experiencing losses of some nature, some of which were tangible and others less so. However, these do not appear to be strictly independent from each other in that tangible losses, such as loss of income, were underpinned by intangible losses, such as loss of self-esteem. For CR patients, it seems that the losses reported are experienced at more than one level.The first is an externally visible and objectively quantifiable level (for example, loss of occupation) , whereas the second is a more symbolic, phenomenologically based level (for example, loss of purpose as previously defined through one's occupational role). The CR program examined in this study helped patients to effectively deal with these losses and to experience additional developmental gain.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"6 1","pages":"301 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/108114401317087815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59635572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/108114401753201688
Bernavan Baarsen, Marjolein I. Broese van Groenou
This longitudinal study aimed to explain coping responses of older women (n = 60)and men (n = 43) at about 1 year following partner loss using a general theory of coping. The theory of mental incongruity predicts that behavioral and mental coping are responses to experienced loneliness and that they are facilitated by actual and perceived opportunities or resources. Results show that the availability of social relationships and better general health encourage coping responses among the bereaved, as well as, unexpectedly, higher social anxiety and financial stress. Results reveal opposite effects for women and men. As time elapses since the death of the partner, men more often share their emotions with others than women. Also, the results suggest that resources play different roles in coping responses of recently bereaved women and men. Among widowers financial stress may impede emotional coping responses, while among widows higher education and having a best female friend seem to function as riskfactors in coping with loss. Relative health, or the feeling one is better off than comparable others, may protect against the negative effects of partner death, particularly among recently bereaved women. It is concluded that the proposed theory offers useful concepts in understanding how recently bereaved individuals cope with partner death; however,it is not helpful in explaining the gender differences found in the present study. Further, the findings question the supposed less favorable health position of older widows and the more favorable social position of older widows and socioeconomic position of older widowers.
{"title":"PARTNER LOSS IN LATER LIFE: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COPING SHORTLY AFTER BEREAVEMENT","authors":"Bernavan Baarsen, Marjolein I. Broese van Groenou","doi":"10.1080/108114401753201688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/108114401753201688","url":null,"abstract":"This longitudinal study aimed to explain coping responses of older women (n = 60)and men (n = 43) at about 1 year following partner loss using a general theory of coping. The theory of mental incongruity predicts that behavioral and mental coping are responses to experienced loneliness and that they are facilitated by actual and perceived opportunities or resources. Results show that the availability of social relationships and better general health encourage coping responses among the bereaved, as well as, unexpectedly, higher social anxiety and financial stress. Results reveal opposite effects for women and men. As time elapses since the death of the partner, men more often share their emotions with others than women. Also, the results suggest that resources play different roles in coping responses of recently bereaved women and men. Among widowers financial stress may impede emotional coping responses, while among widows higher education and having a best female friend seem to function as riskfactors in coping with loss. Relative health, or the feeling one is better off than comparable others, may protect against the negative effects of partner death, particularly among recently bereaved women. It is concluded that the proposed theory offers useful concepts in understanding how recently bereaved individuals cope with partner death; however,it is not helpful in explaining the gender differences found in the present study. Further, the findings question the supposed less favorable health position of older widows and the more favorable social position of older widows and socioeconomic position of older widowers.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"6 1","pages":"243 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/108114401753201688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59635679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/108114401753201642
J. Perry
{"title":"DIALOGICAL INTERSECTIONS: THE DEATH OF A FATHER","authors":"J. Perry","doi":"10.1080/108114401753201642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/108114401753201642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"44 1","pages":"161-182"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/108114401753201642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59635648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-07-01DOI: 10.1080/108114401753201697
John H. Harveyand, Wilhelm J. Hofmann
In this article, we develop a case for teaching about loss as part of social and behavioral science curricula. We discuss the first author's development of a class that focuses on loss and trauma. This class emphasizes the view of loss as a pervasive aspect of human life and that it is the core experience for other phenomena, including trauma and chronic illness. The course involves a component in which students write about some loss experience that may reflect their personal life. This component permits many students to express pain, sometimes for one of the first times in their lives, regarding the events in question and relate their experience to what they have learned in the course. Significant features of the course are a score of videos and guest presentations, documenting the diversity of loss and people's myriad ways of coping with loss. It is argued that the course and students' experiences in fulfilling course requirements speak to the gains that may be realized by honest, in-depth probing of losses within the context of psychological and other literatures.
{"title":"TEACHING ABOUT LOSS","authors":"John H. Harveyand, Wilhelm J. Hofmann","doi":"10.1080/108114401753201697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/108114401753201697","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we develop a case for teaching about loss as part of social and behavioral science curricula. We discuss the first author's development of a class that focuses on loss and trauma. This class emphasizes the view of loss as a pervasive aspect of human life and that it is the core experience for other phenomena, including trauma and chronic illness. The course involves a component in which students write about some loss experience that may reflect their personal life. This component permits many students to express pain, sometimes for one of the first times in their lives, regarding the events in question and relate their experience to what they have learned in the course. Significant features of the course are a score of videos and guest presentations, documenting the diversity of loss and people's myriad ways of coping with loss. It is argued that the course and students' experiences in fulfilling course requirements speak to the gains that may be realized by honest, in-depth probing of losses within the context of psychological and other literatures.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"6 1","pages":"263 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/108114401753201697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59635736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/108114401753197431
M. Dougherty
{"title":"STALIN'S GULAG PRISONERS AND PREVALENCE OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER","authors":"M. Dougherty","doi":"10.1080/108114401753197431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/108114401753197431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/108114401753197431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59635583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/108114401753197440
Rudolf Gregurek, Gorana Tocilj-Šimunković, Eduard Klain
Post-traumatic stress disorder has been described as a syndrome from which an individual may suffer as a result of extraordinary trauma. Torture of prisoners of war in Serbian camps during the war in Croatia is just such a stressful situation that requires mobilization of all defense mechanisms of an individual. The authors present a case study of a former prisoner of war who acquired acute myelogenous leukemia several months after release and was treated with bone marrow transplantation. On release the patient was medically examined, like all prisoners of war, and the findings did not suggest any disease. Because of the situation, the patient was in psychotherapeutic observation and treatment after his illness was diagnosed and throughout the transplantation treatment.
{"title":"BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN A PATIENT WHO EXPERIENCED TORTURE IN A PRISONER OF WAR CAMP: NARCISSISM AND SURVIVAL","authors":"Rudolf Gregurek, Gorana Tocilj-Šimunković, Eduard Klain","doi":"10.1080/108114401753197440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/108114401753197440","url":null,"abstract":"Post-traumatic stress disorder has been described as a syndrome from which an individual may suffer as a result of extraordinary trauma. Torture of prisoners of war in Serbian camps during the war in Croatia is just such a stressful situation that requires mobilization of all defense mechanisms of an individual. The authors present a case study of a former prisoner of war who acquired acute myelogenous leukemia several months after release and was treated with bone marrow transplantation. On release the patient was medically examined, like all prisoners of war, and the findings did not suggest any disease. Because of the situation, the patient was in psychotherapeutic observation and treatment after his illness was diagnosed and throughout the transplantation treatment.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"6 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/108114401753197440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59635593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-01-01DOI: 10.1080/108114401753197459
Daniel J. DeMarle, Pieter le Roux
Clinicians are often asked to work with parents who have one or more children with specific disabilities. Disability within the family can have a dramatic impact on family interactions and functioning across the course of the family life cycle. The authors review the potential role of disability within a family system and make specific suggestions for working with a family or the child with the disability.
{"title":"THE LIFE CYCLE AND DISABILITY: EXPERIENCES OF DISCONTINUITY IN CHILD AND FAMILY DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Daniel J. DeMarle, Pieter le Roux","doi":"10.1080/108114401753197459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/108114401753197459","url":null,"abstract":"Clinicians are often asked to work with parents who have one or more children with specific disabilities. Disability within the family can have a dramatic impact on family interactions and functioning across the course of the family life cycle. The authors review the potential role of disability within a family system and make specific suggestions for working with a family or the child with the disability.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"6 1","pages":"29 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/108114401753197459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59635639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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