Pub Date : 1997-10-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029708415515
L. Bar-tur, R. Levy-shiff, A. Burns
Abstract This study explored the effect of past traumatic losses on the well-being of elderly men, focusing on losses related to the Nazi Holocaust and on traumatic personal losses of significant others. Two issues were addressed: the relationships between past traumatic losses and well-being in aging and the interaction between past traumatic losses and current age-related losses (work loss, health loss, financial loss, and social loss). Data were collected from 60 elderly men via a semistructured interview. Past traumatic losses were found to have an impact on well-being in aging. However while Holocaust losses had a negative impact, traumatic personal losses had a positive impact. In addition, health loss in aging tended to negatively affect well-being. Interactions were found between past traumatic losses and aging losses in predicting well-being in aging. Results are discussed within the vulnerability and inoculation perspectives.
{"title":"Past traumatic losses and their impact on the well-being of elderly men","authors":"L. Bar-tur, R. Levy-shiff, A. Burns","doi":"10.1080/15325029708415515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029708415515","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explored the effect of past traumatic losses on the well-being of elderly men, focusing on losses related to the Nazi Holocaust and on traumatic personal losses of significant others. Two issues were addressed: the relationships between past traumatic losses and well-being in aging and the interaction between past traumatic losses and current age-related losses (work loss, health loss, financial loss, and social loss). Data were collected from 60 elderly men via a semistructured interview. Past traumatic losses were found to have an impact on well-being in aging. However while Holocaust losses had a negative impact, traumatic personal losses had a positive impact. In addition, health loss in aging tended to negatively affect well-being. Interactions were found between past traumatic losses and aging losses in predicting well-being in aging. Results are discussed within the vulnerability and inoculation perspectives.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"21 1","pages":"379-395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029708415515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-10-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029708415513
T. A. Werner, Michael Monsour
Abstract This research focused on the communication behavior of bereaved individuals using the ethnography of communication methodology. From the eight individuals interviewed, three main bereavement communication categories emerged and were described: private interaction, impersonal interaction, and interpersonal interaction. Two suppllem communication techniques were then posited in order to facilitate communication within those categories. The methodology proved to be a useful tool in elucidating the categorks of communication behavior used the bereaved and was also found to be effective in facilitating bereavement communication.
{"title":"Resocialization of the bereaved via interpersonal communication techniques","authors":"T. A. Werner, Michael Monsour","doi":"10.1080/15325029708415513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029708415513","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research focused on the communication behavior of bereaved individuals using the ethnography of communication methodology. From the eight individuals interviewed, three main bereavement communication categories emerged and were described: private interaction, impersonal interaction, and interpersonal interaction. Two suppllem communication techniques were then posited in order to facilitate communication within those categories. The methodology proved to be a useful tool in elucidating the categorks of communication behavior used the bereaved and was also found to be effective in facilitating bereavement communication.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"2 1","pages":"345-366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029708415513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029608412837
R. Janoff-Bulman, C. Frantz
Abstract The loss of illusions is a powerful consequence of traumatic life events. Fundamental assumptions about benevolence, meaning, and self-worth are illusions that are shattered by the traumatic experience. The illusory nature of these assumptions is understood in terms of over generalization of positive beliefs about the self and the world. Ultimately, survivors “correct” this overgeneralization in response to their traumatic victimization. In the process of exploring the loss of illusions, this article addresses the nature of traumatic versus ordinary change and the nature of coping and “recovery” in the aftermath of trauma.
{"title":"The Loss of Illusions: The Potent Legacy of Trauma","authors":"R. Janoff-Bulman, C. Frantz","doi":"10.1080/15325029608412837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029608412837","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The loss of illusions is a powerful consequence of traumatic life events. Fundamental assumptions about benevolence, meaning, and self-worth are illusions that are shattered by the traumatic experience. The illusory nature of these assumptions is understood in terms of over generalization of positive beliefs about the self and the world. Ultimately, survivors “correct” this overgeneralization in response to their traumatic victimization. In the process of exploring the loss of illusions, this article addresses the nature of traumatic versus ordinary change and the nature of coping and “recovery” in the aftermath of trauma.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"28 1","pages":"133-150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029608412837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-04-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029608412841
R. Blieszner, Lori E. Hatvany
Abstract Widowhood is one of the most common relationship losses of older adults. Death of a marital partner represents both personal and interpersonal loss, requiring bereaved spouses to cope with resultant changes in everyday life and in their social relationships. We target this review of the literature not only to those wfw work in the field of aging but also to those in many other fields whose professional efforts and personal lives are likely to connect, at least tangentially, with the experiences of older people. We provide an overview of the diversity of responses to the widowhood loss with an emphasis on how characteristics of bereaved persons, their marital relationships, and their social support networks affect adjustment to widowhood.
{"title":"Diversity in the Experience of Late-Life Widowhood","authors":"R. Blieszner, Lori E. Hatvany","doi":"10.1080/15325029608412841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029608412841","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Widowhood is one of the most common relationship losses of older adults. Death of a marital partner represents both personal and interpersonal loss, requiring bereaved spouses to cope with resultant changes in everyday life and in their social relationships. We target this review of the literature not only to those wfw work in the field of aging but also to those in many other fields whose professional efforts and personal lives are likely to connect, at least tangentially, with the experiences of older people. We provide an overview of the diversity of responses to the widowhood loss with an emphasis on how characteristics of bereaved persons, their marital relationships, and their social support networks affect adjustment to widowhood.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029608412841","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029608415457
L. Icard, P. Nurius
Abstract Recognizing and publicly acknowledging one's own homosexuality can be seriously traumatizing experiences. However, unlike people experiencing other types of life-altering stress experiences, gays and lesbians all too often find, themselves reviled by and marginalized from the very people and resources they need to productively cope with this life challenge. This article examines three types of self-loss associated with “coming out,” losses that are particularly powerful among African Americans. It concludes with a discussion of the social resources needed to mitigate or prevent these unnecessary and preventable losses.
{"title":"Loss of self in coming out: Special risks for african american gays and lesbians","authors":"L. Icard, P. Nurius","doi":"10.1080/15325029608415457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029608415457","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recognizing and publicly acknowledging one's own homosexuality can be seriously traumatizing experiences. However, unlike people experiencing other types of life-altering stress experiences, gays and lesbians all too often find, themselves reviled by and marginalized from the very people and resources they need to productively cope with this life challenge. This article examines three types of self-loss associated with “coming out,” losses that are particularly powerful among African Americans. It concludes with a discussion of the social resources needed to mitigate or prevent these unnecessary and preventable losses.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-47"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029608415457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029608415458
Aurora Liiceanu
Abstract In his Editorial and Commentary entitled “On Creating the Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss and the Nature of Loss,” Harvey (1996) provides a personal view on the nature of loss. Loss is made up of real events, personal and interpersonal, and most people likely experience a loss at some time in their lives. Harvey's assertion that “in the 1990s, we are constantly bombarded by the media with images of loss” is correct. Indeed, it seems that loss is quite normal and that certain necessary losses are experienced by everyone. In the personal sense, loss could be that of self-esteem or of a close relationship that no longer exists or is in danger. This is the case I present here in describing the traditional village mentality in Romania. Two key concepts or ideas with regard to the traditional mentality or popular culture in Romania are the woman witch and the loss.
{"title":"Loss and recovery by magical techniques","authors":"Aurora Liiceanu","doi":"10.1080/15325029608415458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029608415458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In his Editorial and Commentary entitled “On Creating the Journal of Personal and Interpersonal Loss and the Nature of Loss,” Harvey (1996) provides a personal view on the nature of loss. Loss is made up of real events, personal and interpersonal, and most people likely experience a loss at some time in their lives. Harvey's assertion that “in the 1990s, we are constantly bombarded by the media with images of loss” is correct. Indeed, it seems that loss is quite normal and that certain necessary losses are experienced by everyone. In the personal sense, loss could be that of self-esteem or of a close relationship that no longer exists or is in danger. This is the case I present here in describing the traditional village mentality in Romania. Two key concepts or ideas with regard to the traditional mentality or popular culture in Romania are the woman witch and the loss.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029608415458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029608415462
A. Barbee, M. Cunningham, P. B. Druen, Pamela A. Yankeelov
Abstract The authors suggest that the concept of loss may serve as an organizing principle to clarify many of the dynamics of close relationships. Prior to the ultimate loss of the relationship, there may be intermediate losses that undermine relationship stability. Research on social allergies, or extreme responses to minor annoyances, suggests that relatively mild antigens, if frequently repeated, can gradually cause a loss of feelings of idealization of the partner, comfort with the partner, or feelings of being cared about or respected by the partner. Larger problems may cause loss of major elements of love. The loss of physical attractiveness may, depending on the partner's attributions, be associated with the loss of passion. The loss of desired levels of social support may lead to the loss of intimacy, whereas the loss of customary levels of interdependent behavior may lead to a loss of commitment. The loss of honesty in the relationship may lead to a cascade of other losses. Finally, the partner's...
{"title":"Loss of passion, intimacy, and commitment: A conceptual framework for relationship researchers","authors":"A. Barbee, M. Cunningham, P. B. Druen, Pamela A. Yankeelov","doi":"10.1080/15325029608415462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029608415462","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The authors suggest that the concept of loss may serve as an organizing principle to clarify many of the dynamics of close relationships. Prior to the ultimate loss of the relationship, there may be intermediate losses that undermine relationship stability. Research on social allergies, or extreme responses to minor annoyances, suggests that relatively mild antigens, if frequently repeated, can gradually cause a loss of feelings of idealization of the partner, comfort with the partner, or feelings of being cared about or respected by the partner. Larger problems may cause loss of major elements of love. The loss of physical attractiveness may, depending on the partner's attributions, be associated with the loss of passion. The loss of desired levels of social support may lead to the loss of intimacy, whereas the loss of customary levels of interdependent behavior may lead to a loss of commitment. The loss of honesty in the relationship may lead to a cascade of other losses. Finally, the partner's...","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"93-108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029608415462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029608415461
G. Alper
Abstract Because the singles scene is a microcosm of kaleidoscopically shifting relationships, it can offer an interpersonal window for the study of loss. Drawing on the results of his recently published The Singles Scene: A Psychoanalytic Study of the Breakdown of Intimacy (Alper, 1994), the author identifies four primary interpersonal losses regularly experienced by those who venture onto the singles scene. The first is the loss of the paradigm for intimacy, the central model for relating between men and women. The second is the loss of relational meaning and process. The third is the loss of intimacy. And the fourth is the existential loss of autonomy. After a brief introduction attempting to place the singles scene of the past two decades into a relevant contemporary context, the article provides a clinical consideration of the psychodynamics of each of these interpersonal losses.
{"title":"Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink: Despair on the singles scene","authors":"G. Alper","doi":"10.1080/15325029608415461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029608415461","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Because the singles scene is a microcosm of kaleidoscopically shifting relationships, it can offer an interpersonal window for the study of loss. Drawing on the results of his recently published The Singles Scene: A Psychoanalytic Study of the Breakdown of Intimacy (Alper, 1994), the author identifies four primary interpersonal losses regularly experienced by those who venture onto the singles scene. The first is the loss of the paradigm for intimacy, the central model for relating between men and women. The second is the loss of relational meaning and process. The third is the loss of intimacy. And the fourth is the existential loss of autonomy. After a brief introduction attempting to place the singles scene of the past two decades into a relevant contemporary context, the article provides a clinical consideration of the psychodynamics of each of these interpersonal losses.","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029608415461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029608415463
P. Frazier, C. Port, P. Hoff
Abstract This article provides an overview of our ongoing program of research on the provision of social support following various stressful life events, including chronic illness, bereavement, and relationship dissolution. Results are discussed in terms of three primary questions: (a) How are significant others affected by the stressors or losses experienced by the support recipient? (b) What factors are associated with the provision of both helpful and unhelpful support? and (c) What is the relation between the type and amount of support offered by a significant other and the support recipient's adjustment? With regard to the first question, our studies suggest that support providers are not immune to the stress of the loss experienced by the support recipient and in fact report more stress in some areas than do support recipients. Second, the provision of both helpful and unhelpful support seems to be more a function of the support providers' distress levels than of a lack of knowledge about what kind ...
{"title":"Social support: The provider's experience","authors":"P. Frazier, C. Port, P. Hoff","doi":"10.1080/15325029608415463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029608415463","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides an overview of our ongoing program of research on the provision of social support following various stressful life events, including chronic illness, bereavement, and relationship dissolution. Results are discussed in terms of three primary questions: (a) How are significant others affected by the stressors or losses experienced by the support recipient? (b) What factors are associated with the provision of both helpful and unhelpful support? and (c) What is the relation between the type and amount of support offered by a significant other and the support recipient's adjustment? With regard to the first question, our studies suggest that support providers are not immune to the stress of the loss experienced by the support recipient and in fact report more stress in some areas than do support recipients. Second, the provision of both helpful and unhelpful support seems to be more a function of the support providers' distress levels than of a lack of knowledge about what kind ...","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"109-128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029608415463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15325029608415455
C. R. Snyder
Abstract The author's (Snyder, 1994b) recent theory of hope is introduced and discussed in the context of potential reactions to the loss of important goal objects. In particular, hope is defined as goal-directed thinking in which the person appraises his or her perceived capability to produce workable routes to goals (this is called pathways thinking), as well as the potential to initiate and sustain movement along the pathways (this is called agentic thinking). In this sense, hope is an acquisition type of thinking in that it reflects instances in which people perceive that they are capable of progressing toward desired objects. In contrast to the procurement properties of higher hopeful thinking, loss reflects instances in which goal-directed thinking is lessened or curtailed because the goal object (i.e., a thing, experience, or person) is unobtainable. At one level, therefore, losses are antithetical to hopeful thinking. At another level, however, losses are an inherent part of goal-directed thinking...
{"title":"To hope, to lose, and to hope again","authors":"C. R. Snyder","doi":"10.1080/15325029608415455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15325029608415455","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The author's (Snyder, 1994b) recent theory of hope is introduced and discussed in the context of potential reactions to the loss of important goal objects. In particular, hope is defined as goal-directed thinking in which the person appraises his or her perceived capability to produce workable routes to goals (this is called pathways thinking), as well as the potential to initiate and sustain movement along the pathways (this is called agentic thinking). In this sense, hope is an acquisition type of thinking in that it reflects instances in which people perceive that they are capable of progressing toward desired objects. In contrast to the procurement properties of higher hopeful thinking, loss reflects instances in which goal-directed thinking is lessened or curtailed because the goal object (i.e., a thing, experience, or person) is unobtainable. At one level, therefore, losses are antithetical to hopeful thinking. At another level, however, losses are an inherent part of goal-directed thinking...","PeriodicalId":47527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Loss & Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15325029608415455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59842667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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