The Pain PLUS literature surveillance service demonstrates the importance of high-quality literature to support decision-making and practice for the use of opioids. McMaster University has had a significant leadership role in advancing the practice of evidence-based health care. Part of this leadership has been through the creation of programs and services that support individual clinicians and others in their striving to stay up to date in the rapidly expanding volume of healthcare knowledge and to separate high-quality materials from the large quantity of published work in order to make best use of their, often limited, time for review of publications.
疼痛 PLUS 文献监测服务表明，高质量的文献对于支持使用阿片类药物的决策和实践非常重要。麦克马斯特大学在推动循证医疗实践方面发挥了重要的领导作用。这种领导作用的一部分是通过创建各种计划和服务来支持临床医生和其他人员努力跟上快速增长的医疗保健知识的步伐，并将高质量的资料从大量的出版工作中分离出来，以便充分利用他们往往有限的时间来审阅出版物。
{"title":"Safer and more effective use of opioids","authors":"Norm Buckley, Jason Busse","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11541","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The Pain PLUS literature surveillance service demonstrates the importance of high-quality literature to support decision-making and practice for the use of opioids. McMaster University has had a significant leadership role in advancing the practice of evidence-based health care. Part of this leadership has been through the creation of programs and services that support individual clinicians and others in their striving to stay up to date in the rapidly expanding volume of healthcare knowledge and to separate high-quality materials from the large quantity of published work in order to make best use of their, often limited, time for review of publications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European Federation of Food Science and Technology (EFFoST) wants to revolutionise the food industry with its new TITAN Project. This four-year Horizon Europe initiative seeks to enhance transparency, improve food safety, and promote sustainability in the agri-food sector. In an interview with Open Access Governments editor Harriet Belderbos, key representatives of the TITAN project shared their insights and objectives.
欧洲食品科技联合会（EFFoST）希望通过其新的 TITAN 项目彻底改变食品工业。这项为期四年的 "地平线欧洲 "计划旨在提高农业食品行业的透明度、改善食品安全并促进可持续发展。在接受 Open Access Government 编辑 Harriet Belderbos 的采访时，TITAN 项目的主要代表分享了他们的见解和目标。
{"title":"The TITAN Project: Transforming the food system for a sustainable future","authors":"Edward Sliwinski","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11527","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The European Federation of Food Science and Technology (EFFoST) wants to revolutionise the food industry with its new TITAN Project. This four-year Horizon Europe initiative seeks to enhance transparency, improve food safety, and promote sustainability in the agri-food sector. In an interview with Open Access Governments editor Harriet Belderbos, key representatives of the TITAN project shared their insights and objectives.\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arpita Bose, PhD from Washington University in St. Louis, guides us through host-associated impacts and biotechnological applications of extracellular electron transfer in electrochemically active bacteria. Electron flow and oxidative and reductive reactions, referred to as “redox reactions,” collectively impact the outcomes of biochemical pathways essential for cell growth, energy conservation, and stress response throughout various organisms. An example of these organisms is electrochemically active bacteria (EAB), which can link internal redox reactions with external electron acceptors or donors via a process known as extracellular electron transfer (EET).
{"title":"Extracellular electron transfer explained","authors":"Arpita Bose, Aiden Wang","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Arpita Bose, PhD from Washington University in St. Louis, guides us through host-associated impacts and biotechnological applications of extracellular electron transfer in electrochemically active bacteria. Electron flow and oxidative and reductive reactions, referred to as “redox reactions,” collectively impact the outcomes of biochemical pathways essential for cell growth, energy conservation, and stress response throughout various organisms. An example of these organisms is electrochemically active bacteria (EAB), which can link internal redox reactions with external electron acceptors or donors via a process known as extracellular electron transfer (EET).\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"52 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
University President Elmer Guy examines the vital role of educational institutions like Navajo Technical University in empowering communities and supporting their efforts to achieve clean energy development goals. The Navajo Nation encompasses more than 25,000 square miles of desert and scrubland in the southwestern US. The Navajo People, or Diné as they refer to themselves, have long advocated for self-determination. Through the Navajo Technical University (NTU), the Navajo community has the ability to educate its youth in line with its traditions, cultures, and beliefs. However, the lack of Navajo engineering faculty results in a scarcity of role models for engineering students.
{"title":"Promoting clean energy in the Navajo nation","authors":"Peter Romine","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11532","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 University President Elmer Guy examines the vital role of educational institutions like Navajo Technical University in empowering communities and supporting their efforts to achieve clean energy development goals. The Navajo Nation encompasses more than 25,000 square miles of desert and scrubland in the southwestern US. The Navajo People, or Diné as they refer to themselves, have long advocated for self-determination. Through the Navajo Technical University (NTU), the Navajo community has the ability to educate its youth in line with its traditions, cultures, and beliefs. However, the lack of Navajo engineering faculty results in a scarcity of role models for engineering students.\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"17 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas J. Webster, PhD provides a firsthand account of the obstacles hindering innovation in medicine, covering publishing, conferences, politics, funding, universities, and industry. Innovation is hard. Such a simple word, but so many obstacles exist to innovate and, more importantly, to turn your innovation into a medical product that actually improves human health for ultimate technology validation. As I look back at my almost 25-year career innovating in medicine, I find myself continuously reflecting on how I was able to develop innovative solutions for improving medicine despite constant obstacles. One particular innovation that I am extremely proud of involves my efforts to integrate nanotechnology into orthopedic implants. How did my team and I develop nanotextured orthopedic devices now in over 30,000 patients in which zero implants have failed to date (no infection, no chronic inflammation, and no implant loosening) when the industry average shows orthopedic implant failure rates over 10%, increasing daily (Figure 1)?(1, 2)
托马斯-J.-韦伯斯特（Thomas J. Webster）博士以第一手资料介绍了阻碍医学创新的障碍，内容涉及出版、会议、政治、资金、大学和工业。创新很难。如此简单的一个词，却存在如此多的创新障碍，更重要的是，要将创新转化为真正改善人类健康的医疗产品，以最终实现技术验证。回顾我将近 25 年的医学创新生涯，我发现自己一直在反思，我是如何克服重重障碍，开发出改进医学的创新解决方案的。其中令我深感自豪的一项创新是，我努力将纳米技术融入骨科植入物。目前，我和我的团队开发的纳米纹理骨科植入物已用于 3 万多名患者，迄今为止没有植入物出现故障（无感染、无慢性炎症、无植入物松动），而行业平均骨科植入物故障率超过 10%，且每天都在增加（图 1）。
{"title":"Opinion: What are the barriers to innovation in medicine?","authors":"Thomas J Webster","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Thomas J. Webster, PhD provides a firsthand account of the obstacles hindering innovation in medicine, covering publishing, conferences, politics, funding, universities, and industry. Innovation is hard. Such a simple word, but so many obstacles exist to innovate and, more importantly, to turn your innovation into a medical product that actually improves human health for ultimate technology validation. As I look back at my almost 25-year career innovating in medicine, I find myself continuously reflecting on how I was able to develop innovative solutions for improving medicine despite constant obstacles. One particular innovation that I am extremely proud of involves my efforts to integrate nanotechnology into orthopedic implants. How did my team and I develop nanotextured orthopedic devices now in over 30,000 patients in which zero implants have failed to date (no infection, no chronic inflammation, and no implant loosening) when the industry average shows orthopedic implant failure rates over 10%, increasing daily (Figure 1)?(1, 2)\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"16 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.56367/oag-043-11504-02
Alba Peiro, Tanja Mimmo, Claudia Cappello, Francisco Sanz Sanz
Alba Peiro and Francisco Sanz from the Ibercivis Foundation, Claudia Cappello and Tanja Mimmo from the Free University of Bolzano, guide us through citizen science initiatives for soil literacy that are integral to the ECHO project, Citizen science projects offer an effective framework for increasing participants’ knowledge in specific scientific fields. They also play a crucial role in reshaping participants’ perspectives on the scientific process and attitudes towards science and environmental issues. To ensure a significant increase in literacy, citizen science initiatives require meticulous design that extends beyond merely involving participants in scientific studies. This involves facilitating interactions with scientists and providing high-quality educational materials (Bonney et al., 2009).
来自伊比西维斯基金会（Ibercivis Foundation）的阿尔巴-佩罗（Alba Peiro）和弗朗西斯科-桑斯（Francisco Sanz），以及来自博尔扎诺自由大学（Free University of Bolzano）的克劳迪娅-卡佩罗（Claudia Cappello）和塔尼娅-米莫（Tanja Mimmo）向我们介绍了作为 "爱护地球"（ECHO）项目组成部分的土壤知识公民科学计划。公民科学项目为提高参与者在特定科学领域的知识水平提供了有效的框架，在重塑参与者对科学过程的看法以及对科学和环境问题的态度方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。为了确保公民科学素养的显著提高，公民科学计划需要精心设计，而不仅仅是让参与者参与科学研究。这包括促进与科学家的互动和提供高质量的教育材料（Bonney 等人，2009 年）。
{"title":"Citizen science initiatives for soil literacy","authors":"Alba Peiro, Tanja Mimmo, Claudia Cappello, Francisco Sanz Sanz","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11504-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11504-02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Alba Peiro and Francisco Sanz from the Ibercivis Foundation, Claudia Cappello and Tanja Mimmo from the Free University of Bolzano, guide us through citizen science initiatives for soil literacy that are integral to the ECHO project, Citizen science projects offer an effective framework for increasing participants’ knowledge in specific scientific fields. They also play a crucial role in reshaping participants’ perspectives on the scientific process and attitudes towards science and environmental issues. To ensure a significant increase in literacy, citizen science initiatives require meticulous design that extends beyond merely involving participants in scientific studies. This involves facilitating interactions with scientists and providing high-quality educational materials (Bonney et al., 2009).\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture at the University of Western Australia recognise the importance of soil biodiversity in managing soil conditions and building resilience against environmental changes. Soil is a biodiversity ‘hotspot.’ The diversity of organisms in soil is even greater than that found in above-ground ecosystems. Soil biodiversity is dictated by its surroundings, and the communities present comprise groups of organisms that are interdependent. Indeed, soil organisms are represented in all six Kingdoms (Monera, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae) and fulfill key roles in important processes relevant to soil health, including those that regulate global nutrient and climate cycles.
{"title":"Soil biodiversity is essential for building environmental resilience","authors":"L. Abbott","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture at the University of Western Australia recognise the importance of soil biodiversity in managing soil conditions and building resilience against environmental changes. Soil is a biodiversity ‘hotspot.’ The diversity of organisms in soil is even greater than that found in above-ground ecosystems. Soil biodiversity is dictated by its surroundings, and the communities present comprise groups of organisms that are interdependent. Indeed, soil organisms are represented in all six Kingdoms (Monera, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, and Plantae) and fulfill key roles in important processes relevant to soil health, including those that regulate global nutrient and climate cycles.\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"37 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this Q&A, a team from the RESTART project explores their groundbreaking intervention model designed to empower people to embrace healthier lifestyles as they near retirement. The RESTART Project exemplifies the proactive approach public health initiatives can take to address health risks associated with ageing populations; what else can we learn? The inspiration for RESTART came from the Tromsø Study, an ongoing population study in Tromsø, Norway. The study revealed a concerning trend: a significant rise in overweight and obesity among participants aged 40 and over.
{"title":"RESTART Project Q&A: Empowering healthy aging","authors":"S. Grimsgaard, André Henriksen","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11581","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In this Q&A, a team from the RESTART project explores their groundbreaking intervention model designed to empower people to embrace healthier lifestyles as they near retirement. The RESTART Project exemplifies the proactive approach public health initiatives can take to address health risks associated with ageing populations; what else can we learn? The inspiration for RESTART came from the Tromsø Study, an ongoing population study in Tromsø, Norway. The study revealed a concerning trend: a significant rise in overweight and obesity among participants aged 40 and over.\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Curbs on animal testing mean human tissues derived from induced pluripotent stem cells offer a promising platform in discovering novel treatments for cardiac ailments. In the realm of research and development in novel treatments for cardiac ailments, the use of animal models, such as mice, presents inherent limitations due to physiological discrepancies between species, specifically between humans and experimental animals. For instance, the heart rate in mice can surpass 500 beats per minute, a rate considerably faster than that observed in humans.
{"title":"The role of stem cell-derived tissues in novel treatments for cardiac ailments","authors":"Yoshinori Yoshida","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-11574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11574","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Curbs on animal testing mean human tissues derived from induced pluripotent stem cells offer a promising platform in discovering novel treatments for cardiac ailments. In the realm of research and development in novel treatments for cardiac ailments, the use of animal models, such as mice, presents inherent limitations due to physiological discrepancies between species, specifically between humans and experimental animals. For instance, the heart rate in mice can surpass 500 beats per minute, a rate considerably faster than that observed in humans.\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"52 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Prevot, Markus Schwaninger, Ruben Nogueiras
Dr Vincent Prevot and Professors Markus Schwaninger and Ruben Nogueiras explain the significance of the perinatal maternal lifestyle, specifically prolonged lactation, in shielding offspring from chronic disease. In recent years, the escalating prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases has prompted numerous studies covering broad aspects of metabolism, from the genetic inheritance of disorders to the early emergence of non-genetic metabolic traits. Pregnancy and lactation are now identified as the pivotal periods for establishing these traits, which can develop from infancy into adulthood. Therefore, maternal influences are crucial in the development of pathologies arising from a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors, as well as lifestyle.
Vincent Prevot 博士、Markus Schwaninger 教授和 Ruben Nogueiras 教授解释了围产期母体生活方式（尤其是延长哺乳期）在保护后代免受慢性疾病侵害方面的重要作用。近年来，肥胖症及其相关疾病的发病率不断攀升，促使人们对新陈代谢的各个方面进行了大量研究，从疾病的遗传到非遗传新陈代谢特征的早期出现。妊娠期和哺乳期现在被认为是建立这些特征的关键时期，这些特征可以从婴儿期发展到成年期。因此，在遗传和非遗传因素以及生活方式的共同作用下，母体的影响对病症的形成至关重要。
{"title":"Prolonged lactation: Preventing obesity since infancy","authors":"Vincent Prevot, Markus Schwaninger, Ruben Nogueiras","doi":"10.56367/oag-043-10410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-10410","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Dr Vincent Prevot and Professors Markus Schwaninger and Ruben Nogueiras explain the significance of the perinatal maternal lifestyle, specifically prolonged lactation, in shielding offspring from chronic disease. In recent years, the escalating prevalence of obesity and its associated diseases has prompted numerous studies covering broad aspects of metabolism, from the genetic inheritance of disorders to the early emergence of non-genetic metabolic traits. Pregnancy and lactation are now identified as the pivotal periods for establishing these traits, which can develop from infancy into adulthood. Therefore, maternal influences are crucial in the development of pathologies arising from a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors, as well as lifestyle.\u0000","PeriodicalId":475859,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Government","volume":"37 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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