Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.1177/00957984231191868
Jessica Dennis, T. Zolnikov
Statements like “ boys do not cry” and other teaching modalities of emotional blandness can negatively affect the Black American male population with lower emotional development in adulthood. The focus of this study was to understand the extent of self-described societal-forced gender roles in childhood on the emotional development of Black American adult men. A total of 35 participants were interviewed using a qualitative study to further explore these experiences. After analysis, this study determined gender roles and emotional maturity affected later development. Key themes included feeling inept, stigma, lack of understanding, and loneliness. The participants discussed how frustrating it could be to be considered less of a man by society. These frustrations can lead to increased medical issues such as cardiovascular disease and increased behavioral health issues such as substance use, anxiety, depression, and issues within intimate relationships, as women may be expecting more than they can give. Professionals can utilize the findings of the study to further develop processes to teach emotional development in Black American children and assist adult males with their journey toward emotional maturity.
{"title":"Demystifying Male Emotional Development: Exploring the Implications of Forced Gender Roles on Black American Males","authors":"Jessica Dennis, T. Zolnikov","doi":"10.1177/00957984231191868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231191868","url":null,"abstract":"Statements like “ boys do not cry” and other teaching modalities of emotional blandness can negatively affect the Black American male population with lower emotional development in adulthood. The focus of this study was to understand the extent of self-described societal-forced gender roles in childhood on the emotional development of Black American adult men. A total of 35 participants were interviewed using a qualitative study to further explore these experiences. After analysis, this study determined gender roles and emotional maturity affected later development. Key themes included feeling inept, stigma, lack of understanding, and loneliness. The participants discussed how frustrating it could be to be considered less of a man by society. These frustrations can lead to increased medical issues such as cardiovascular disease and increased behavioral health issues such as substance use, anxiety, depression, and issues within intimate relationships, as women may be expecting more than they can give. Professionals can utilize the findings of the study to further develop processes to teach emotional development in Black American children and assist adult males with their journey toward emotional maturity.","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89614531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.1177/00957984231191851
B. Miller-Roenigk, J. Jester, D. Stevens-Watkins, Diane B. Francis
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects African Americans in the United States, including disparate rates of mortality and higher mental health consequences compared to Whites. However, African American young adults are underrepresented in the literature examining psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depression) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with psychological distress are important to examine among African American young adults during the pandemic to better inform culturally appropriate mental health interventions during times of increased uncertainty and isolation. The present study, grounded in the transactional theory of stress and coping, was a secondary analysis of 420 African American young adults exploring gender, age, coping, fear of missing out (FOMO), and COVID-19 news exposure as correlates of anxiety and depression. Results showed that gender, age, level of resilient coping, and experiences of FOMO were associated with psychological distress. Therefore, interventions to reduce psychological distress among African American young adults may need to focus on younger individuals and women, identify adaptive coping skills during times of significant change, and target individuals who experience FOMO.
{"title":"Correlates of Psychological Distress Among African American Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"B. Miller-Roenigk, J. Jester, D. Stevens-Watkins, Diane B. Francis","doi":"10.1177/00957984231191851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231191851","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects African Americans in the United States, including disparate rates of mortality and higher mental health consequences compared to Whites. However, African American young adults are underrepresented in the literature examining psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depression) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with psychological distress are important to examine among African American young adults during the pandemic to better inform culturally appropriate mental health interventions during times of increased uncertainty and isolation. The present study, grounded in the transactional theory of stress and coping, was a secondary analysis of 420 African American young adults exploring gender, age, coping, fear of missing out (FOMO), and COVID-19 news exposure as correlates of anxiety and depression. Results showed that gender, age, level of resilient coping, and experiences of FOMO were associated with psychological distress. Therefore, interventions to reduce psychological distress among African American young adults may need to focus on younger individuals and women, identify adaptive coping skills during times of significant change, and target individuals who experience FOMO.","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44617717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.1177/00957984231191846
David C. Stanley
Black male doctoral students in psychology face unique challenges that impact their learning environment and experience, especially with issues like race-related stress. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand their lived experience as well as the specific sociocultural factors that helped to foster their resiliency. It suggests a strengths-focused approach to understanding proactive measures that can positively impact Black male students’ success in doctoral psychology programs and their subsequent positive consequences for the profession. A phenomenological study was conducted, interviewing five Black men in clinical and counseling psychology doctoral programs. A thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was utilized to analyze the interview responses. The findings suggest a community of support (family, mentors, peers, faculty, and relationships at professional conferences) helps to foster awareness (educational, self-awareness, and contextual awareness) which in turn lead to the students engaging in meaningful action (representation, giving back, and self-care), returning to serve as members that make up the community of support for others within their community.
{"title":"Experiences of Black Male Doctoral Students in Psychology: A Focus on Protective Factors","authors":"David C. Stanley","doi":"10.1177/00957984231191846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231191846","url":null,"abstract":"Black male doctoral students in psychology face unique challenges that impact their learning environment and experience, especially with issues like race-related stress. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand their lived experience as well as the specific sociocultural factors that helped to foster their resiliency. It suggests a strengths-focused approach to understanding proactive measures that can positively impact Black male students’ success in doctoral psychology programs and their subsequent positive consequences for the profession. A phenomenological study was conducted, interviewing five Black men in clinical and counseling psychology doctoral programs. A thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was utilized to analyze the interview responses. The findings suggest a community of support (family, mentors, peers, faculty, and relationships at professional conferences) helps to foster awareness (educational, self-awareness, and contextual awareness) which in turn lead to the students engaging in meaningful action (representation, giving back, and self-care), returning to serve as members that make up the community of support for others within their community.","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85976011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00957984231192141
V. Dzokoto, Annabella Osei Tutu, Lily N. A. Kpobi, K. H. Banks, Andrew G. Ryder
This study explored lay concepts about and attributions of mental illness in a Ga community in southern Ghana. The study’s sample consisted of 11 Ga men and 12 Ga women, ranging in age from 30-81. Participants completed one-on-one interviews. Participants ascribed to polyphasic attributions of mental illness including biomedical and spiritual explanations. Attributions informed understandings of help-seeking behavior. Stigma was recognized as an important factor in the lived experience of people with mental illness. The recognition of individual distress as a marker of mental illness seemed less prominent than social indicators. Our interviewees’ narratives highlighted the importance of the social context in identifying and making meaning of mental illness in the community of study.
{"title":"Representations of Mental Illness in a Ga Community in Southern Ghana","authors":"V. Dzokoto, Annabella Osei Tutu, Lily N. A. Kpobi, K. H. Banks, Andrew G. Ryder","doi":"10.1177/00957984231192141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231192141","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored lay concepts about and attributions of mental illness in a Ga community in southern Ghana. The study’s sample consisted of 11 Ga men and 12 Ga women, ranging in age from 30-81. Participants completed one-on-one interviews. Participants ascribed to polyphasic attributions of mental illness including biomedical and spiritual explanations. Attributions informed understandings of help-seeking behavior. Stigma was recognized as an important factor in the lived experience of people with mental illness. The recognition of individual distress as a marker of mental illness seemed less prominent than social indicators. Our interviewees’ narratives highlighted the importance of the social context in identifying and making meaning of mental illness in the community of study.","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"110 1","pages":"435 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79254023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/00957984231191859
C. White, S. Swan, Bobbi Smith
Research suggests when confronted with hardship, Black women in the United States seek help less than other. This finding may be explained by the cultural stereotype of the Strong Black Woman (SBW). SBW consists of three factors: Mask of Strength, Self-Reliance/Strength, and Caretaking. The current study examined the connection between self-endorsement of SBW and help-seeking behavior and intention, following a traumatic event for Black college women. The SBW full scale was not significantly related to actual help-seeking or intention to seek help. However, post-hoc analyses indicated the three SBW subscales had both positive and negative effects. Greater endorsement of the Caretaking and Self-Reliance subscales positively predicted actual help-seeking and formal actual help-seeking, respectively. However, greater endorsement of the Mask of Strength subscale predicted less help-seeking and fewer intentions to seek help. The findings indicated a more nuanced approach may be needed when studying SBW or working in clinical settings. It may be helpful to bolster aspects of the stereotype, such as the desire to be a good caretaker, while redefining other aspects, such as emotional invulnerability.
{"title":"Trauma, Help-Seeking, and the Strong Black Woman","authors":"C. White, S. Swan, Bobbi Smith","doi":"10.1177/00957984231191859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231191859","url":null,"abstract":"Research suggests when confronted with hardship, Black women in the United States seek help less than other. This finding may be explained by the cultural stereotype of the Strong Black Woman (SBW). SBW consists of three factors: Mask of Strength, Self-Reliance/Strength, and Caretaking. The current study examined the connection between self-endorsement of SBW and help-seeking behavior and intention, following a traumatic event for Black college women. The SBW full scale was not significantly related to actual help-seeking or intention to seek help. However, post-hoc analyses indicated the three SBW subscales had both positive and negative effects. Greater endorsement of the Caretaking and Self-Reliance subscales positively predicted actual help-seeking and formal actual help-seeking, respectively. However, greater endorsement of the Mask of Strength subscale predicted less help-seeking and fewer intentions to seek help. The findings indicated a more nuanced approach may be needed when studying SBW or working in clinical settings. It may be helpful to bolster aspects of the stereotype, such as the desire to be a good caretaker, while redefining other aspects, such as emotional invulnerability.","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"28 1","pages":"498 - 528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73971117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00957984231169598
Huberta Jackson-Lowman, Nkechinyelum A. Chioneso, Shawn O. Utsey, Steven C. Williams
Suicide among Africana youth, ages 10–19, is increasing at a faster rate than all ethnoracial groups in the US. Over four decades, epidemiological data reveal an upward trend in Africana youth suicidal behavior. We contend that the rising rates of Africana youth suicide cannot be effectively addressed because suicidology is trapped in a pathological paradigm based on the imposition of European cultural hegemony. Focusing on Africana youth, two critiques are presented. First, the inefficacy of universalism as a standard in suicidology is delineated. Intrapsychic, individually oriented approaches are overemphasized and a culturally incongruent epistemology undergirds scientific methodologies; thus, advancing culturally dystonic suicide prevention/intervention efforts. Second, the underinvestigated role of contextual oppressive factors in gender disparities discussions, risk factors impacting Africana youth, and the salience of social integration as a protective factor are deconstructed. Recommendations for multidisciplinary training/curricula, collaboration with social justice organizations, and supporting culturally defined and practice-based evidence approaches are outlined.
{"title":"Trapped in a Pathological Paradigm: Critiques of Suicidology Scholarship and Practice","authors":"Huberta Jackson-Lowman, Nkechinyelum A. Chioneso, Shawn O. Utsey, Steven C. Williams","doi":"10.1177/00957984231169598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231169598","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide among Africana youth, ages 10–19, is increasing at a faster rate than all ethnoracial groups in the US. Over four decades, epidemiological data reveal an upward trend in Africana youth suicidal behavior. We contend that the rising rates of Africana youth suicide cannot be effectively addressed because suicidology is trapped in a pathological paradigm based on the imposition of European cultural hegemony. Focusing on Africana youth, two critiques are presented. First, the inefficacy of universalism as a standard in suicidology is delineated. Intrapsychic, individually oriented approaches are overemphasized and a culturally incongruent epistemology undergirds scientific methodologies; thus, advancing culturally dystonic suicide prevention/intervention efforts. Second, the underinvestigated role of contextual oppressive factors in gender disparities discussions, risk factors impacting Africana youth, and the salience of social integration as a protective factor are deconstructed. Recommendations for multidisciplinary training/curricula, collaboration with social justice organizations, and supporting culturally defined and practice-based evidence approaches are outlined.","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"121 1","pages":"271 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79115265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00957984231170494
Philip Baiden, Catherine A. LaBrenz, Yi Jin Kim, Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp, Shawndaya Thrasher
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate risk (violence and victimization, symptoms of depression, substance use, and obesity) and protective factors (physical activity and academic performance) associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Black adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The analytic sample consisted of 658 adolescents ages 14–18 years (51.8% female) who self-identified as Black. Multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to examine risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. About 16% of the sample reported suicidal ideation, and 9.1% made a suicide attempt during the past 12 months. Factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts included weapon-carrying on school property and symptoms of depression. Physical activity ( AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11–0.68) and higher academic performance had protective effects on suicide attempts ( AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17–0.71). Clinicians and school counselors working with Black adolescents may want to inquire about suicide when these risk factors are experienced and strengthen the protective factors identified.
本横断面研究的目的是调查黑人青少年中与自杀意念和自杀企图相关的风险(暴力和受害、抑郁症状、物质使用和肥胖)和保护因素(体育活动和学业成绩)。数据来自2017年青少年风险行为调查。分析样本包括658名14-18岁的青少年(51.8%为女性)，他们自认为是黑人。采用多变量二元逻辑回归分析自杀意念和自杀企图的相关危险因素和保护因素。约16%的样本报告有自杀念头，9.1%的人在过去12个月内有过自杀企图。与自杀意念和自杀企图相关的因素包括在学校财产上携带武器和抑郁症状。体育活动(AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11-0.68)和较高的学习成绩对自杀企图有保护作用(AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17-0.71)。与黑人青少年一起工作的临床医生和学校辅导员可能想要询问当这些风险因素经历并加强确定的保护因素时自杀的情况。
{"title":"Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Black Adolescents Based on the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey","authors":"Philip Baiden, Catherine A. LaBrenz, Yi Jin Kim, Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp, Shawndaya Thrasher","doi":"10.1177/00957984231170494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231170494","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate risk (violence and victimization, symptoms of depression, substance use, and obesity) and protective factors (physical activity and academic performance) associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Black adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The analytic sample consisted of 658 adolescents ages 14–18 years (51.8% female) who self-identified as Black. Multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to examine risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. About 16% of the sample reported suicidal ideation, and 9.1% made a suicide attempt during the past 12 months. Factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts included weapon-carrying on school property and symptoms of depression. Physical activity ( AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11–0.68) and higher academic performance had protective effects on suicide attempts ( AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17–0.71). Clinicians and school counselors working with Black adolescents may want to inquire about suicide when these risk factors are experienced and strengthen the protective factors identified.","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135517048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1177/00957984231188598
Beverly J. Vandiver
I became concerned about Black suicide after I started working in the mental health field, first as a counselor in training at a community mental health center, then as a crisis counselor at a local hospital, and later as a psychologist at a university counseling center. As distressing as it is to work with adult clients who have given up on life, it is even more distressing to hear children, as young as 3 and 5 years old to report feelings of depression and suicidal intentions. Prior to the mid-2000s, the prevalent concern about suicide was not about youth’s suicide or about Black youth suicide, but the focus was on young adults. But the trend has changed and the reason for this special issue. What has sparked this focus on Black youth suicide? Data. Historically, Black populations have had lower levels of death by suicide compared to other ethnic groups (Gibbs, 1997). This pattern has been considered a paradox: A low rate of suicide in Black population despite the persistence of racial discrimination and oppression since the beginning of slavery. However, this trend changed. Since 2017, suicide became the third leading cause of death for Black male youth, aged 1–19, just behind homicide and unintentional injury (motor vehicle crashes, falls, fires, burns, drownings, poisonings; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2017). This was the first time since documenting these statistics that rates of suicide among children 13 years or younger were almost two times higher for Black children than White children (Bridge et al., 2018). Over the past 20 years Black suicide rate youth in the 10-19 age range has increased (about 60%) faster than other racial/ethnic groups (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry [AACAP], 2022)
我开始在心理健康领域工作后，开始关注黑人自杀问题。我先是在一家社区心理健康中心担任培训咨询师，然后在一家当地医院担任危机咨询师，后来在一家大学咨询中心担任心理学家。与那些已经放弃生活的成年客户一起工作是令人痛苦的，更令人痛苦的是，听到年仅3岁和5岁的孩子报告他们的抑郁感和自杀意图。在2000年代中期之前，对自杀的普遍关注不是关于青少年自杀或黑人青年自杀，而是关注年轻人。但是趋势已经改变了，这是本期特刊的原因。是什么引发了对黑人青年自杀的关注?数据。从历史上看，与其他种族群体相比，黑人人口的自杀死亡率较低(Gibbs, 1997)。这种模式被认为是一个悖论:尽管自奴隶制开始以来一直存在种族歧视和压迫，但黑人的自杀率却很低。然而，这种趋势发生了变化。自2017年以来，自杀已成为1-19岁黑人男性青年的第三大死因，仅次于他杀和意外伤害(车祸、坠落、火灾、烧伤、溺水、中毒;疾病预防控制中心[CDC]， 2017)。这是自记录这些统计数据以来，黑人儿童13岁及以下儿童的自杀率几乎是白人儿童的两倍(Bridge et al.， 2018)。在过去的20年里，10-19岁的黑人青年自杀率的增长(约60%)比其他种族/族裔群体快(美国儿童与青少年精神病学学会，2022)。
{"title":"Special Issue on Black Youth Suicide and Beyond","authors":"Beverly J. Vandiver","doi":"10.1177/00957984231188598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231188598","url":null,"abstract":"I became concerned about Black suicide after I started working in the mental health field, first as a counselor in training at a community mental health center, then as a crisis counselor at a local hospital, and later as a psychologist at a university counseling center. As distressing as it is to work with adult clients who have given up on life, it is even more distressing to hear children, as young as 3 and 5 years old to report feelings of depression and suicidal intentions. Prior to the mid-2000s, the prevalent concern about suicide was not about youth’s suicide or about Black youth suicide, but the focus was on young adults. But the trend has changed and the reason for this special issue. What has sparked this focus on Black youth suicide? Data. Historically, Black populations have had lower levels of death by suicide compared to other ethnic groups (Gibbs, 1997). This pattern has been considered a paradox: A low rate of suicide in Black population despite the persistence of racial discrimination and oppression since the beginning of slavery. However, this trend changed. Since 2017, suicide became the third leading cause of death for Black male youth, aged 1–19, just behind homicide and unintentional injury (motor vehicle crashes, falls, fires, burns, drownings, poisonings; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2017). This was the first time since documenting these statistics that rates of suicide among children 13 years or younger were almost two times higher for Black children than White children (Bridge et al., 2018). Over the past 20 years Black suicide rate youth in the 10-19 age range has increased (about 60%) faster than other racial/ethnic groups (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry [AACAP], 2022)","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"267 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88575339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.1177/00957984231161900
D. R. G. Sissoko, Sydney Baker, E. Caron
Colorism is a social construct privileging lighter-skinned people of color with proximity to European features over their darker-skinned counterparts. Despite the significant role in the lives of Black women and girls, colorism is an overlooked and understudied phenomenon, particularly regarding how it shapes their punishment and criminalization in schools. We conceptualize colorism as a social determinant of Black girls’ psychological well-being and outcomes. Darker-skinned Black girls face disproportionately severe school discipline, negative evaluation by teachers and peers, and are inundated with stereotypical messages that influence their sense of self—which increases their vulnerability to trauma and psychological distress. Inside the legal system, colorism plays a role in moving dark-skinned Black girls further into and through the pipeline at every stage of legal processing. The goal of the paper is to (a) highlight the role of colorism in the criminalization of Black girls, (b) identify school, forensic, and counseling/clinical psychology’s role in reducing the impact of colorism on Black girls’ lived experience as it relates to mental health and criminalization, and (c) identify psychological research and policy needs to mitigate the impact of colorism on Black girls’ life outcomes.
{"title":"Into and Through the School-to-Prison Pipeline: The Impact of Colorism on the Criminalization of Black Girls","authors":"D. R. G. Sissoko, Sydney Baker, E. Caron","doi":"10.1177/00957984231161900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984231161900","url":null,"abstract":"Colorism is a social construct privileging lighter-skinned people of color with proximity to European features over their darker-skinned counterparts. Despite the significant role in the lives of Black women and girls, colorism is an overlooked and understudied phenomenon, particularly regarding how it shapes their punishment and criminalization in schools. We conceptualize colorism as a social determinant of Black girls’ psychological well-being and outcomes. Darker-skinned Black girls face disproportionately severe school discipline, negative evaluation by teachers and peers, and are inundated with stereotypical messages that influence their sense of self—which increases their vulnerability to trauma and psychological distress. Inside the legal system, colorism plays a role in moving dark-skinned Black girls further into and through the pipeline at every stage of legal processing. The goal of the paper is to (a) highlight the role of colorism in the criminalization of Black girls, (b) identify school, forensic, and counseling/clinical psychology’s role in reducing the impact of colorism on Black girls’ lived experience as it relates to mental health and criminalization, and (c) identify psychological research and policy needs to mitigate the impact of colorism on Black girls’ life outcomes.","PeriodicalId":47588,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Black Psychology","volume":"100 1","pages":"466 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79495907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.1177/00957984231163210
Rachel Gonzalo
The purpose of this book review is to examine The Autobiography of an ExColored Man by James Weldon Johnson through the lens of W. E. B. Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk (1994). As a result, this review and analysis highlights the method James Weldon Johnson used to lift prejudiced readers’ veil and the veil of African Americans. Du Bois explains the African American veil as “second sight in this American world, — a world which yields him no true self-consciousness...” and elaborates that “it is a peculiar sensation, this double consciousness, this sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity” (Dubois, 1994, p.2). Even so, Dubois commendably recognizes that African Americans have achieved selfrealization and self-respect. He states how it is so:
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