Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x2200009x
Barbara Bompani
Abstract Much attention has been paid to the growth of Pentecostal-charismatic Christianity in Uganda and the way it has shifted over the past decades from being a minority religion to influencing and shaping the Ugandan public and political spheres. Most of the literature, however, associates the Pentecostal-charismatic dynamic public action with its motivation to promote conservative Christian values, especially around issues of sexuality, HIV/AIDS, reproduction and family values. This article extends this literature by providing a fuller explanation for the reasons behind its public transformation and its relation to power, in particular its loyalty to and support for President Museveni. Drawing on participant observation and interviews conducted over several years, this article argues that along with theological and moral explanations, it is important to understand how local and contextual dynamics interplay. Indeed, the uncertainties and memories of the difficult origins of the Pentecostal-charismatic movement and the lack of legal recognition as fully registered churches, still impact on the present and motivate them to be catalytic socio-political actors in need of forging strong connections with centres of power in Museveni's Uganda.
{"title":"‘The memory of persecution is in our blood’: documenting loyalties, identities and motivations to political action in the Ugandan Pentecostal Movement","authors":"Barbara Bompani","doi":"10.1017/s0022278x2200009x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x2200009x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Much attention has been paid to the growth of Pentecostal-charismatic Christianity in Uganda and the way it has shifted over the past decades from being a minority religion to influencing and shaping the Ugandan public and political spheres. Most of the literature, however, associates the Pentecostal-charismatic dynamic public action with its motivation to promote conservative Christian values, especially around issues of sexuality, HIV/AIDS, reproduction and family values. This article extends this literature by providing a fuller explanation for the reasons behind its public transformation and its relation to power, in particular its loyalty to and support for President Museveni. Drawing on participant observation and interviews conducted over several years, this article argues that along with theological and moral explanations, it is important to understand how local and contextual dynamics interplay. Indeed, the uncertainties and memories of the difficult origins of the Pentecostal-charismatic movement and the lack of legal recognition as fully registered churches, still impact on the present and motivate them to be catalytic socio-political actors in need of forging strong connections with centres of power in Museveni's Uganda.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"479 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X2200026X
B. Cooper
almost disoriented. This is a book perhaps most useful to not start at the beginning and read cover to cover, but to start at the back, with the excellent index, for a more targeted approach. ‘Citizenship in Africa’ is not a book to be enjoyed once and put back on the shelf; it is a book that should be within easy reach time and time again as a vital reference and resource. Indeed, reading these books together is an exercise of complementarity and connection. Both Manby and Pailey bring together rich, detailed data from very different sources to cover an underexplored topic within African politics scholarship, with numerous extensions and directions for future exploration. Yet their scope and scale are often almost oppositional at times. The contrast within their discussions of naturalisation is instructive here. Manby provides numerous examples detailing the variation and often obstacle-ridden naturalisation policies within African countries as well as outlining the relative lack of naturalisation across the continent (–). In her conclusion she argues that naturalisation should be ‘brought in from the arbitrary cold’, with more attention to streamlining and expanding naturalisation policy as an integral part of citizenship policy reform. Contrast this with Pailey’s discussion of naturalisation as ‘betrayer and betrayed’ (–), full of fraught and emotional recountings of diaspora Liberians weighing strategic naturalisation in the so-called Global North (and thus having their Liberian citizenship revoked) as well as often rejecting naturalisation because they did not want to betray Liberia and their fellow citizens. Naturalisation as a policy prescription worthy of reform and attention within one approach; naturalisation as contested and complicated personal and community act of identity and claims-making on the other. Both accounts offer invaluable insights into the nuances and complexities of citizenship policy and lived experience. Together, if explorations of African citizenship are a lens through which to understand how national family histories may be ‘unhappy’ in their own particular ways, Citizenship in Africa and Development, (Dual) Citizenship, and Its Discontents in Africa are incredibly rich kaleidoscopes, offering invaluable, and incredibly different, illuminations of the diversity and ongoing disputes over citizenship and belonging.
{"title":"The Oxford Handbook of the African Sahel by Leonardo A. Villalón Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. 832. $165.00 (hbk).","authors":"B. Cooper","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X2200026X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X2200026X","url":null,"abstract":"almost disoriented. This is a book perhaps most useful to not start at the beginning and read cover to cover, but to start at the back, with the excellent index, for a more targeted approach. ‘Citizenship in Africa’ is not a book to be enjoyed once and put back on the shelf; it is a book that should be within easy reach time and time again as a vital reference and resource. Indeed, reading these books together is an exercise of complementarity and connection. Both Manby and Pailey bring together rich, detailed data from very different sources to cover an underexplored topic within African politics scholarship, with numerous extensions and directions for future exploration. Yet their scope and scale are often almost oppositional at times. The contrast within their discussions of naturalisation is instructive here. Manby provides numerous examples detailing the variation and often obstacle-ridden naturalisation policies within African countries as well as outlining the relative lack of naturalisation across the continent (–). In her conclusion she argues that naturalisation should be ‘brought in from the arbitrary cold’, with more attention to streamlining and expanding naturalisation policy as an integral part of citizenship policy reform. Contrast this with Pailey’s discussion of naturalisation as ‘betrayer and betrayed’ (–), full of fraught and emotional recountings of diaspora Liberians weighing strategic naturalisation in the so-called Global North (and thus having their Liberian citizenship revoked) as well as often rejecting naturalisation because they did not want to betray Liberia and their fellow citizens. Naturalisation as a policy prescription worthy of reform and attention within one approach; naturalisation as contested and complicated personal and community act of identity and claims-making on the other. Both accounts offer invaluable insights into the nuances and complexities of citizenship policy and lived experience. Together, if explorations of African citizenship are a lens through which to understand how national family histories may be ‘unhappy’ in their own particular ways, Citizenship in Africa and Development, (Dual) Citizenship, and Its Discontents in Africa are incredibly rich kaleidoscopes, offering invaluable, and incredibly different, illuminations of the diversity and ongoing disputes over citizenship and belonging.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"623 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47606860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x22000532
{"title":"MOA volume 60 issue 4 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0022278x22000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x22000532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":" ","pages":"b1 - b2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X22000325
E. Hern
Abstract Africa's plural legal systems are often doubly bad for women: reinforcing patriarchal threads in indigenous practices while layering male-dominated Anglo-European laws atop. While these systems generally work to their detriment, women are sometimes able to take advantage of them. Under what conditions are women able to ‘win’ in Africa's plural legal systems? I examine women's interactions with the plural colonial court systems in the Gold Coast and Senegal. Based on an analysis of original court records in each country, I argue that women are more likely to win in plural legal systems in areas of operational ambiguity where applicable legal principles are contradictory. Leveraging this ambiguity enabled women in the Gold Coast and Senegal to win rights around inheritance and divorce, respectively. These victories were codified post-independence, though women face social pressures against exercising them.
{"title":"When do women win in legally plural systems? Evidence from Ghana and Senegal","authors":"E. Hern","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X22000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X22000325","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Africa's plural legal systems are often doubly bad for women: reinforcing patriarchal threads in indigenous practices while layering male-dominated Anglo-European laws atop. While these systems generally work to their detriment, women are sometimes able to take advantage of them. Under what conditions are women able to ‘win’ in Africa's plural legal systems? I examine women's interactions with the plural colonial court systems in the Gold Coast and Senegal. Based on an analysis of original court records in each country, I argue that women are more likely to win in plural legal systems in areas of operational ambiguity where applicable legal principles are contradictory. Leveraging this ambiguity enabled women in the Gold Coast and Senegal to win rights around inheritance and divorce, respectively. These victories were codified post-independence, though women face social pressures against exercising them.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"527 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X22000374
D. Penu
ABSTRACT For the first time in its history, Ghana held a referendum in 2018 to divide some of its regions to create new ones. Though the regions are purely administrative, the division faced resistance in some areas and not in others. This study combines qualitative comparative analysis with process tracing to show that the resistance occurred within regions with relatively high support for the opposition party, but only in the combined presence of (traditional) elites competing from either side of the region and controversies regarding claims to (traditional) political authority. Further, it finds a bottom-up mechanism of the resistance, evolving as the threatened interests of stakeholders grew from the community to the regional, national and diaspora levels. As in other African cases, this suggests that the sources of conflicts in Africa are not so much about ethnic differences but more about elites’ unequal access to political and economic resources.
{"title":"Explaining region creation conflicts in Ghana","authors":"D. Penu","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X22000374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X22000374","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For the first time in its history, Ghana held a referendum in 2018 to divide some of its regions to create new ones. Though the regions are purely administrative, the division faced resistance in some areas and not in others. This study combines qualitative comparative analysis with process tracing to show that the resistance occurred within regions with relatively high support for the opposition party, but only in the combined presence of (traditional) elites competing from either side of the region and controversies regarding claims to (traditional) political authority. Further, it finds a bottom-up mechanism of the resistance, evolving as the threatened interests of stakeholders grew from the community to the regional, national and diaspora levels. As in other African cases, this suggests that the sources of conflicts in Africa are not so much about ethnic differences but more about elites’ unequal access to political and economic resources.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"571 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46704937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/s0022278x22000271
M. Langan
{"title":"Revisiting EU–Africa Relations in a Changing World edited by Valeria Fargion & Mamoudou Gazibo Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2021. Pp. 304. $155 (hbk).","authors":"M. Langan","doi":"10.1017/s0022278x22000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x22000271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"625 - 626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43703280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X22000337
J. Haynes
ABSTRACT The article examines two decades of Jerry Rawlings’ rule in Ghana. It seeks to explain why Rawlings’ revolutionary populism did not develop in the direction that he envisaged: a new kind of popular democracy. Instead, Rawlings oversaw the reintroduction of Ghana's popularly preferred political system: ‘Western-style’ multi-party democracy, despite his avowed intention of not doing so. To what extent was this outcome surprising or puzzling? The article explains that it was neither surprising nor puzzling as Rawlings’ regime, the PNDC, lacked the capacity to introduce a radical new political system, despite his desire to do so. His aim – to craft a new kind of popular democracy – was not achievable as both internal and external opposition forces were stronger in their desire for multi-party democracy and a neo-liberal economic system.
{"title":"Revolutionary populism and democracy in Ghana","authors":"J. Haynes","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X22000337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X22000337","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article examines two decades of Jerry Rawlings’ rule in Ghana. It seeks to explain why Rawlings’ revolutionary populism did not develop in the direction that he envisaged: a new kind of popular democracy. Instead, Rawlings oversaw the reintroduction of Ghana's popularly preferred political system: ‘Western-style’ multi-party democracy, despite his avowed intention of not doing so. To what extent was this outcome surprising or puzzling? The article explains that it was neither surprising nor puzzling as Rawlings’ regime, the PNDC, lacked the capacity to introduce a radical new political system, despite his desire to do so. His aim – to craft a new kind of popular democracy – was not achievable as both internal and external opposition forces were stronger in their desire for multi-party democracy and a neo-liberal economic system.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"503 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X22000234
Mohammad Amir Anwar, Elly Otieno, Malte Stein
Abstract This article examines the impact of the pandemic on ride-hailing drivers and their mitigation strategies during lockdown in Africa. Ride-hailing has emerged as one of the latest paid-work opportunities for the continent's many unemployed. Yet, ride-hailing companies such as Uber and Bolt misclassify drivers to avoid regulation and responsibilities towards workers’ welfare. Drawing on 34 in-depth interviews with ride-hailing drivers, driver representatives and trade unions in South Africa and Kenya, this article makes two arguments. First, the gig economy in Africa provides work opportunities for the unemployed on the continent and simultaneously vitiates the working conditions through the commodification and informalisation of work. Second, the state-directed emergency measures act as a veneer to capital's efforts to commodify labour and the gig economy platforms have emerged as primary tools for it. Our account points to an urgent need for better regulatory systems to hold platform companies accountable and a collective bargaining mechanism in the gig economy.
{"title":"Locked in, logged out: pandemic and ride-hailing in South Africa and Kenya","authors":"Mohammad Amir Anwar, Elly Otieno, Malte Stein","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X22000234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X22000234","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the impact of the pandemic on ride-hailing drivers and their mitigation strategies during lockdown in Africa. Ride-hailing has emerged as one of the latest paid-work opportunities for the continent's many unemployed. Yet, ride-hailing companies such as Uber and Bolt misclassify drivers to avoid regulation and responsibilities towards workers’ welfare. Drawing on 34 in-depth interviews with ride-hailing drivers, driver representatives and trade unions in South Africa and Kenya, this article makes two arguments. First, the gig economy in Africa provides work opportunities for the unemployed on the continent and simultaneously vitiates the working conditions through the commodification and informalisation of work. Second, the state-directed emergency measures act as a veneer to capital's efforts to commodify labour and the gig economy platforms have emerged as primary tools for it. Our account points to an urgent need for better regulatory systems to hold platform companies accountable and a collective bargaining mechanism in the gig economy.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"457 - 478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41712330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X22000180
Y. Gez, Marie-Aude Fouéré, Fabian Bulugu
ABSTRACT In the early 1960s, three pilot agricultural and settlement schemes were set up along the shores of Lake Victoria in the north-western region of Tanzania with the involvement of Israeli development agency Agridev. One of these sites was Mbarika, where the experimental project ran for three years and had mixed results before being discontinued by the young Tanzanian government. This article explores the story of that scheme and its long-term legacies some 50 years on. Unpacking the representational and material ruinations that outlived the project's official timeline, we examine the memories and rumours that continue to haunt the site to this day and their entanglement with successive development experiences and shifting political ideologies. Through interviews, ethnographic observations and archival research, we shed light on the complex, deeply ambiguous legacies and ‘afterlives’ of a development intervention set between expectations of modernity and a sense of exclusion.
{"title":"Telling ruins: the afterlives of an early post-independence development intervention in Lake Victoria, Tanzania","authors":"Y. Gez, Marie-Aude Fouéré, Fabian Bulugu","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X22000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X22000180","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the early 1960s, three pilot agricultural and settlement schemes were set up along the shores of Lake Victoria in the north-western region of Tanzania with the involvement of Israeli development agency Agridev. One of these sites was Mbarika, where the experimental project ran for three years and had mixed results before being discontinued by the young Tanzanian government. This article explores the story of that scheme and its long-term legacies some 50 years on. Unpacking the representational and material ruinations that outlived the project's official timeline, we examine the memories and rumours that continue to haunt the site to this day and their entanglement with successive development experiences and shifting political ideologies. Through interviews, ethnographic observations and archival research, we shed light on the complex, deeply ambiguous legacies and ‘afterlives’ of a development intervention set between expectations of modernity and a sense of exclusion.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"345 - 370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1017/S0022278X22000179
T. Binns, Jerram P Bateman
Abstract Relatively few longitudinal studies have been undertaken of change and development among rural communities in Africa. Drawing on field-based research conducted over almost five decades, the article examines the shocks and adaptive strategies experienced in the remote rural community of Kayima in north-eastern Sierra Leone. In coping with both external and internal shocks and displaying a remarkable level of resilience, there has however been very little improvement in community livelihoods, and it is suggested that it is a case of ‘resilience without development’. It is likely that the findings of the study could have wider relevance among rural communities elsewhere in Africa.
{"title":"‘Resilience without development’ in a remote rural West African community: the case of Kayima, Sierra Leone","authors":"T. Binns, Jerram P Bateman","doi":"10.1017/S0022278X22000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X22000179","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Relatively few longitudinal studies have been undertaken of change and development among rural communities in Africa. Drawing on field-based research conducted over almost five decades, the article examines the shocks and adaptive strategies experienced in the remote rural community of Kayima in north-eastern Sierra Leone. In coping with both external and internal shocks and displaying a remarkable level of resilience, there has however been very little improvement in community livelihoods, and it is suggested that it is a case of ‘resilience without development’. It is likely that the findings of the study could have wider relevance among rural communities elsewhere in Africa.","PeriodicalId":47608,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern African Studies","volume":"60 1","pages":"297 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45971329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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