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Latinxs in Chicago: Managing Health Inequities with Community Centers 拉丁裔在芝加哥:管理社区中心的健康不平等
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.327
Lilian L. Milanés
This article explores how community spaces (especially community centers) serve as sites of engaging medical pluralism. Two predominantly Latinx areas of Chicago are highlighted to help understand how underserved communities experience health inequities while managing metabolic conditions. This article identifies the significance of community centers, broadly defined, that function as physical forms of resilience and social justice for communities that have historically been underserved. Based on ethnographic research carried out between 2015 and 2017 in northwest and southwest Chicago with Latinx communities, this article examines the ways in which community centers address the needs of residents confronting chronic health inequities associated with metabolic conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol).
本文探讨了社区空间(尤其是社区中心)是如何作为参与医疗多元化的场所。重点介绍了芝加哥的两个主要拉丁裔地区,以帮助了解服务不足的社区在管理代谢状况时如何经历健康不平等。本文确定了广义上的社区中心的重要性,它的功能是为历史上服务不足的社区提供恢复力和社会正义的物理形式。基于2015年至2017年在芝加哥西北部和西南部与拉丁裔社区进行的人种学研究,本文研究了社区中心解决与代谢疾病(糖尿病、高血压和高胆固醇)相关的慢性健康不平等居民需求的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Returning to the “Natural State”: Trail Trees and Settler Colonial Conservation in the Arkansas Ozarks 回归“自然状态”:阿肯色州奥扎克地区的小径树木和定居者殖民地保护
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.338
Ramey Moore
The trees at the heart of this paper are not an isolated story but contribute to the machinery of the settler colonial present, feeding off indigenous dispossession of the Arkansas Ozarks. In this paper, I explore “trail trees,” a form of culturally-modified tree used to sustain and perpetuate replacement narratives romanticizing a lost Native American past and constructing a pure, modern, scientific “reality” of White settler possession of the region. My critique is directed at the settler colonial worldview and the systems through which it is constructed, legitimated, and spread. I ask: What is at stake for advocates for the existence of “trail trees”? What can disrupt and dismantle the “trail tree” discourse and the replacement narrative that it functions within? What work can we do to create an opening for anti-colonial praxis? The answers to these questions involve direct engagement with conservation and conservationists and the narratives of replacement that suffuse their work.
本文中心的树木并不是一个孤立的故事,而是为现在的移民殖民机器做出了贡献,以土著对阿肯色州奥扎克人的剥夺为食。在本文中,我探索了“小径树”,这是一种经过文化改造的树,用于维持和延续替代叙事,将失去的美洲原住民的过去浪漫化,并构建一个纯粹的、现代的、科学的白人定居者占有该地区的“现实”。我的批判是针对殖民者的世界观,以及它赖以构建、合法化和传播的体系。我的问题是:对于“步道树”存在的倡导者来说,什么是利害攸关的?什么可以破坏和拆除“小径树”话语和它所起作用的替代叙事?我们可以做些什么来为反殖民实践创造一个开端?这些问题的答案涉及到与自然保护和自然保护主义者的直接接触,以及充斥在他们工作中的关于替代的叙述。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching Ethnographic Methods: The State of the Art 民族志教学方法的现状
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.401
A. Ruth, Katherine Mayfour, J. Hardin, T. Sangaramoorthy, A. Wutich, H. Bernard, A. Brewis, Melissa Beresford, Cindi Sturtzsreetharan, Bryan McKinley Jones Brayboy, H. Dengah, C. Gravlee, G. Guest, K. Harper, P. Mahdavi, S. Mattison, Mark Moritz, R. Negrón, B. Piperata, Jeffrey G. Snodgrass, Rebecca K. Zarger
Ethnography is a core methodology in anthropology and other disciplines. Yet, there is currently no scholarly consensus on how to teach ethnographic methods—or even what methods belong in the ethnographic toolkit. We report on a systematic analysis of syllabi to gauge how ethnographic methods are taught in the United States. We analyze 107 methods syllabi from a nationally elicited sample of university faculty who teach ethnography. Systematic coding shows that ethics, research design, participant observation, interviewing, and analysis are central to ethnographic instruction. But many key components of ethical, quality ethnographic practice (like preparing an IRB application, reflexivity, positionality, taking field notes, accurate transcription, theme identification, and coding) are only taught rarely. We suggest that, without inclusion of such elements in its basic training, the fields that prioritize this methodology are at risk of inadvertently perpetuating uneven, erratic, and extractive fieldwork practices.
民族志是人类学和其他学科的核心方法论。然而,关于如何教授民族志方法,甚至民族志工具包中的方法,目前还没有学术共识。我们报告了对教学大纲的系统分析,以衡量美国如何教授民族志方法。我们分析了107种方法的教学大纲,这些教学大纲来自全国范围内教授民族志的大学教师样本。系统编码表明,伦理学、研究设计、参与者观察、访谈和分析是民族志教学的核心。但伦理、高质量的人种学实践的许多关键组成部分(如准备IRB申请、反思性、定位性、现场笔记、准确转录、主题识别和编码)很少被教授。我们认为,如果不将这些要素纳入其基本培训,优先考虑这种方法的领域就有可能无意中使不均衡、不稳定和采掘式的实地工作做法永久化。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Nature of Country Food Sales among First Nations in Alberta, Canada 了解加拿大阿尔伯塔省第一民族的乡村食品销售性质
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.368
D. Natcher, Shawn Ingram, A. Bogdan
This research was motivated by increased tensions that had arisen within First Nations communities in the Peace River region of Alberta over the selling of country foods and the belief among some that it has incentivized excessive hunting and the abandonment of food-sharing traditions. Our results indicate that rather than having deleterious ecological and social effects, country food sales are not being driven by profitability, nor are the norms associated with harvesting and food sharing being adversely affected. Although the sale of country foods has been motivated in part by the capital demands of hunting, country foods are not being treated as mere commodities, nor are they used as instruments for profit. With these results, community leaders are in a better position to challenge colonial policies that criminalize the selling of country foods and defend the distinctiveness of their own culturally sanctioned food systems. This research is an example of anthropological praxis where assumptions derived from modernization and household production theories are tested through applied research with the intent to resolve tensions over the speculative impacts of country food sales in First Nations communities.
这项研究的动机是由于阿尔伯塔省和平河地区的原住民社区因出售乡村食品而日益紧张,一些人认为这鼓励了过度狩猎和放弃食物分享的传统。我们的研究结果表明,国家食品销售不是由盈利能力驱动的,也不是与收获和食物分享相关的规范受到不利影响,而不是产生有害的生态和社会影响。尽管乡村食品的销售在一定程度上受到狩猎所需资金的推动,但乡村食品并没有被仅仅视为商品,也没有被用作牟利的工具。有了这些成果,社区领导人就能更好地挑战将销售乡村食品定为犯罪的殖民政策,并捍卫自己文化认可的食品体系的独特性。这项研究是人类学实践的一个例子,其中通过应用研究来测试来自现代化和家庭生产理论的假设,旨在解决第一民族社区乡村食品销售投机影响的紧张关系。
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引用次数: 0
A Word from the Outgoing Editorial Team 即将离任的编辑团队的一句话
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.303
N. Romero-Daza, D. Himmelgreen, Deven Gray
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引用次数: 0
From Adoption to Transnational Surrogacy: Family Formation among Non-Heterosexual Parents in Spain 从收养到跨国代孕:西班牙非异性恋父母的家庭形成
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.380
Raúl Sánchez Molina
Non-heterosexual families have emerged as a distinct social group since the Spanish Government approved same-sex marriage in 2005, including the right to adoption. While some same-sex couples have their children through intercountry adoption, legal restrictions limiting non-heterosexual families in most sending countries, among other factors, push same-sex couples to have their children through Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ARTs) and transnational surrogacy, particularly in the United States. However, once non-heterosexual Spanish people make the decision to become parents, they must face homophobic attitudes and policies in their processes of becoming parents, which contributes to delaying their family formation. Based on ethnographic data, this paper focuses on how national and transnational conditions affect non-heterosexual family formation in Spain. In doing so, global/local economies, national/international policies, as well as gender, class, citizenship, and legitimacy are considered.
自2005年西班牙政府批准同性婚姻,包括收养权以来,非异性恋家庭已成为一个独特的社会群体。虽然一些同性伴侣是通过跨国收养生孩子的,但在大多数派遣国,限制非异性恋家庭的法律限制,以及其他因素,促使同性伴侣通过辅助生殖技术和跨国代孕生孩子,尤其是在美国。然而,一旦非异性恋的西班牙人决定为人父母,他们在为人父母的过程中必须面对恐同态度和政策,这有助于推迟他们的家庭组建。基于人种学数据,本文重点研究了西班牙的国家和跨国条件如何影响非异性恋家庭的形成。在这样做时,要考虑全球/地方经济、国家/国际政策以及性别、阶级、公民身份和合法性。
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引用次数: 0
Barriers and Facilitators for Patient-Centered Care for Hospitalized COVID Patients: Lived Experiences from Ex-hospitalized Patients and Health Care Professionals 为住院COVID - 19患者提供以患者为中心的护理的障碍和促进因素:前住院患者和卫生保健专业人员的亲身经历
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.304
Lieke van Disseldorp, Caro-Lynn Verbaan, A. Wagemakers
The COVID pandemic has challenged patient-centeredness, an increasingly valued approach in the pursuit of high-quality care. This research aimed to explore barriers and facilitators for patient-centered care (PCC) in the context of the COVID pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven ex-hospitalized COVID patients and ten health care professionals (HCPs) who have cared for this patient group. A phenomenological design was used with a photo-elicitation method to capture participants’ lived experiences. Findings indicate that COVID entailed multiple and interrelated barriers across all dimensions of PCC. COVID care practices like intubation and isolation also negatively impacted patients’ physical comfort, ability to communicate, and emotional well-being. Despite HCPs’ motivation to improve patients’ well-being, they were hampered by serious barriers, including a lack of time and challenges in care coordination. Due to these difficulties, the question can be raised whether PCC during a communicable disease pandemic is feasible. Nevertheless, as shown in this study, key facilitators such as digital communication tools and a holistic and personal care approach demonstrate that rendering PCC remains vital and should be aimed for and that this could be informed by the lived experiences of HCPs and patients.
新冠肺炎疫情挑战了以患者为中心,这是追求高质量护理的一种越来越受重视的方法。本研究旨在探索新冠肺炎疫情背景下以患者为中心的护理(PCC)的障碍和促进因素。对7名出院的新冠肺炎患者和10名护理过这一患者群体的医护人员进行了半结构化访谈。现象学设计与照片启发法相结合,捕捉参与者的生活体验。研究结果表明,新冠肺炎在PCC的各个方面都存在多种相互关联的障碍。插管和隔离等新冠肺炎护理实践也对患者的身体舒适度、沟通能力和情绪健康产生了负面影响。尽管HCP有改善患者福祉的动机,但他们受到了严重障碍的阻碍,包括缺乏时间和护理协调方面的挑战。由于这些困难,可以提出在传染病大流行期间PCC是否可行的问题。然而,如本研究所示,数字通信工具和整体和个人护理方法等关键促进因素表明,提供PCC仍然至关重要,应该以之为目标,这可以通过HCP和患者的生活经历来实现。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 Responses and Pivots in the Piedmont Region of North Carolina: A Call for Policy Reforms for Small Farmers 北卡罗来纳州皮埃蒙特地区的新冠肺炎应对和关键:呼吁对小农户进行政策改革
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.316
Susan L. Andreatta, Mia Hoskins
While the United States prioritizes agricultural legislation and assistance, policies passed both federally and locally are not always developed with small-scale farms in mind. This inequity became apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic. By identifying how aid money was distributed during times of crisis, we were able to see how small-scale farms are supported through words rather than action. We examine small-scale farmers prior to and during the pandemic in the North Carolina Piedmont region. We focus on the role small-scale farmers and farmers markets play in a local agro-food system through a political economy perspective and highlight some of the challenges, barriers, and responses during the pandemic, including access to farm aid. In addition, we identify strategies for how small-scale farmers persisted during unprecedented times, especially during COVID-19.
虽然美国优先考虑农业立法和援助,但联邦和地方通过的政策并不总是考虑到小规模农场。这种不平等在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间变得明显。通过确定援助资金在危机时期是如何分配的,我们能够看到小规模农场是如何通过言语而不是行动得到支持的。我们调查了北卡罗来纳州皮埃蒙特地区在大流行之前和期间的小规模农民。我们从政治经济学的角度关注小农和农贸市场在当地农业粮食体系中的作用,并强调疫情期间的一些挑战、障碍和应对措施,包括获得农业援助的机会。此外,我们还确定了小农如何在前所未有的时期,特别是在2019冠状病毒病期间坚持下去的战略。
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引用次数: 0
United States Nationals in Argentina: The Relevance of the Middle Class Abroad to Migration Studies 在阿根廷的美国国民:海外中产阶级与移民研究的相关性
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.390
J. Freidenberg*, Amy Carattini, K. Cools, Leah Bush, Sara Downward, Johanna McAlister
A concentration on the economic, social, and political impact of new arrivals on the United States has obscured understanding of the departure of United States middle-class cohorts abroad. This article claims that United States emigration and expatriation are relevant to understanding the United States nation-state. This human geographical displacement remains understudied by researchers and unnoticed by policymakers. Addressing two research questions—Who are the United States nationals abroad? And how do they experience otherness?—the article offers a roadmap for enhancing research on emigrant populations to guide policymakers on how to better understand the expatriates. First, we overview existing knowledge on this population from several perspectives, and then we provide descriptive and thematic anthropological analyses of a sample of United States nationals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. An explanatory framework interweaving three conceptual frameworks: dark anthropology, searching for elsewhere, and mobility, is suggested to contribute to understanding the social category of expat and further the understanding of the United States middle class abroad to benefit research, policymaking, and civic education.
对新移民对美国的经济、社会和政治影响的关注掩盖了对美国中产阶级群体出国的理解。这篇文章声称,美国的移民和移居国外与理解美国民族国家有关。这种人类在地理上的迁移仍然没有得到研究人员的充分研究,决策者也没有注意到。回答两个研究问题——谁是在国外的美国公民?他们是如何体验另类的--这篇文章为加强对移民人口的研究提供了一个路线图,以指导决策者如何更好地了解移民。首先,我们从几个角度概述了关于这一人群的现有知识,然后我们对阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯的美国国民样本进行了描述性和专题人类学分析。建议建立一个解释性框架,将三个概念框架交织在一起:黑暗人类学、寻找其他地方和流动性,以帮助理解外籍人士的社会类别,并进一步了解美国海外中产阶级,从而有利于研究、决策和公民教育。
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引用次数: 0
Building in Stories: How Narratives Drive Development in a Small City in Central New York State 故事中的建筑:叙事如何推动纽约州中部一个小城市的发展
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.358
Emma K. Falkenstein, Christopher M. Annear
In this article, we study the creation of two distinct but related developmental processes: a Downtown Revitalization Initiative (DRI) and Police Review Board (PRB) in the small city of Geneva, New York, to understand the sociopolitical and applied processes by which different core narratives shape development initiatives and outcomes. Beginning with the premise that “communities are intrinsically storied” (Maines and Bridger 1992:363), these two examples demonstrate the range of how stories about a community’s past, present, and future compete with each other to empower some community-based conceptions of development to coalesce while blocking others. We find that both act as place-makers—one through tangible construction and the other by the establishment of a law. In focusing on the power of narratives, these examples show how narratives drive contested interests and shape constructed resources through access to political, social, and cultural power in a small city in Central New York State.
在本文中,我们研究了两个不同但相关的发展过程的创建:纽约日内瓦小城市的市中心振兴倡议(DRI)和警察审查委员会(PRB),以了解不同核心叙事塑造发展倡议和成果的社会政治和应用过程。从“社区本质上是有故事的”(Maines和Bridger 1992:363)这个前提开始,这两个例子展示了关于一个社区的过去、现在和未来的故事是如何相互竞争的,从而使一些以社区为基础的发展概念融合在一起,同时阻碍了其他概念。我们发现两者都扮演着场所制造者的角色——一个是通过有形的构建,另一个是通过法律的建立。在关注叙事的力量时,这些例子展示了叙事是如何通过获得纽约州中部一个小城市的政治、社会和文化权力来推动有争议的利益和塑造构建资源的。
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引用次数: 0
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Human Organization
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