Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.84
Adam D. Kiš, Spencer Page, Elisa Vital
Kenya lies in the FGM/C belt stretching across Africa, and the Maasai are frequent practitioners. FGM/C has been declining in Kenya over time but not among the Maasai. The Kenyan government, many outside agencies, and the Maasai council of elders are all working to eradicate this practice, yet it persists among the Maasai. Eradication efforts tend to be either idealist or materialist but not both. We studied three primary schools surrounding Maasai Mara National Reserve to investigate what is being done at the school level to fight this practice. We discovered that FGM/C among the Maasai is always associated with girls’ early school dropouts and early marriage (the “triad of trouble”), so the measurement of one is a proxy for the measurement of the others. We also verified that school dropout rates (and associated factors in the triad) are sharply lower in these schools than in the general Maasai population and still declining. This is being accomplished through a complex interplay of eradication efforts—both idealist and materialist—such as education, persuasion, coordination of enforcement, legal prosecution, and rescue centers for sheltering girls at risk of FGM/C. Community attitudes are shifting against FGM/C as a result of these Maasai-led initiatives.
{"title":"Tackling the Triad of Trouble: Addressing the Complexity of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Associated Factors in Maasai Communities of Southern Kenya","authors":"Adam D. Kiš, Spencer Page, Elisa Vital","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.84","url":null,"abstract":"Kenya lies in the FGM/C belt stretching across Africa, and the Maasai are frequent practitioners. FGM/C has been declining in Kenya over time but not among the Maasai. The Kenyan government, many outside agencies, and the Maasai council of elders are all working to eradicate this practice, yet it persists among the Maasai. Eradication efforts tend to be either idealist or materialist but not both. We studied three primary schools surrounding Maasai Mara National Reserve to investigate what is being done at the school level to fight this practice. We discovered that FGM/C among the Maasai is always associated with girls’ early school dropouts and early marriage (the “triad of trouble”), so the measurement of one is a proxy for the measurement of the others. We also verified that school dropout rates (and associated factors in the triad) are sharply lower in these schools than in the general Maasai population and still declining. This is being accomplished through a complex interplay of eradication efforts—both idealist and materialist—such as education, persuasion, coordination of enforcement, legal prosecution, and rescue centers for sheltering girls at risk of FGM/C. Community attitudes are shifting against FGM/C as a result of these Maasai-led initiatives.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43096564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.25
J. Prior, J. Leaney
Software development practice is a messy, complicated, and constantly shifting human endeavor. Barad’s concept of “entanglement” helps to theorize complex sociotechnical systems. We are testing the application of this theory to understand and explain software development practices, as our work appears to be the only ethnographic research using Barad in any technology industry. Our continual aim is to understand large-scale, collaborative software development more deeply in practice and to discover appropriate theories that describe our observations and insights. Both authors are experienced software engineers and researchers. Through an ongoing longitudinal ethnographic study at a large Australian software development company, we explore, support, and improve the lived experience and practice of the software developers that work there. Ethnographic insights and an appreciation of the mutual constitution of situated phenomena have expanded over several years into an elaboration of entanglement as a more insightful explanation of software development practice. This research is having a significant impact on the participant developers and organization, including changes in measurement practices, mentoring, knowledge management, and innovation.
{"title":"Software Development Practice as Baradian Entanglement","authors":"J. Prior, J. Leaney","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Software development practice is a messy, complicated, and constantly shifting human endeavor. Barad’s concept of “entanglement” helps to theorize complex sociotechnical systems. We are testing the application of this theory to understand and explain software development practices, as our work appears to be the only ethnographic research using Barad in any technology industry. Our continual aim is to understand large-scale, collaborative software development more deeply in practice and to discover appropriate theories that describe our observations and insights. Both authors are experienced software engineers and researchers. Through an ongoing longitudinal ethnographic study at a large Australian software development company, we explore, support, and improve the lived experience and practice of the software developers that work there. Ethnographic insights and an appreciation of the mutual constitution of situated phenomena have expanded over several years into an elaboration of entanglement as a more insightful explanation of software development practice. This research is having a significant impact on the participant developers and organization, including changes in measurement practices, mentoring, knowledge management, and innovation.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46227855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.36
M. Wesch, Ryan T. Klataske, Tom Woodward
Anthropology is not only a body of knowledge but also a different way of seeing and being in the world that includes persistent inquiry, empathizing, making connections, and opening up to new ideas and experiences. These practices are beneficial in a wide range of careers and for building a meaningful life in a world of persistent change, pluralism, political division, and precarity. Ideally, an introductory course in anthropology would provide a space to inspire and help students practice this way of being in the world. Unfortunately, classrooms, textbooks, and Learning Management Systems often prioritize an information-delivery model of education that places the professor and content at the center. In 2016, we started building anth101.com as an alternative to the traditional textbook and Learning Management System with 10 lessons, 10 challenges, and community features designed to inspire students to live anthropologically. The software development process forced us to interrogate a wide variety of often taken-for-granted elements of virtual learning spaces. While we set out with strong biases against Learning Management Systems, the process gave us an appreciation for what they do well while also revealing structural biases within them that can be overcome with intentional pedagogy.
{"title":"Living Toward a New Way of Thinking: Re-thinking Introduction to Anthropology Classes by Re-building the Learning Management System","authors":"M. Wesch, Ryan T. Klataske, Tom Woodward","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropology is not only a body of knowledge but also a different way of seeing and being in the world that includes persistent inquiry, empathizing, making connections, and opening up to new ideas and experiences. These practices are beneficial in a wide range of careers and for building a meaningful life in a world of persistent change, pluralism, political division, and precarity. Ideally, an introductory course in anthropology would provide a space to inspire and help students practice this way of being in the world. Unfortunately, classrooms, textbooks, and Learning Management Systems often prioritize an information-delivery model of education that places the professor and content at the center. In 2016, we started building anth101.com as an alternative to the traditional textbook and Learning Management System with 10 lessons, 10 challenges, and community features designed to inspire students to live anthropologically. The software development process forced us to interrogate a wide variety of often taken-for-granted elements of virtual learning spaces. While we set out with strong biases against Learning Management Systems, the process gave us an appreciation for what they do well while also revealing structural biases within them that can be overcome with intentional pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49475939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.73
A. Koempel
In one eastern Kentucky county, the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic downturn ushered in increases in federal and corporate aid. In response, families with school-aged children distributed excess food to friends and neighbors and donated food back to pantries they had previously utilized. In-depth, semi-structured interviews illuminate how public-private food aid amidst the COVID-19 pandemic was distributed to and within rural Kentucky communities and who was left out. I introduce the concept of networks of care, which comprise local systems of distribution among family, friends, and neighbors that challenge reliance on market labor for subsistence while demanding constant work to maintain. This paper argues that networks of care demonstrate the need and an extent infrastructure for large-scale distributive politics that compensate for this ongoing care work.
{"title":"“Whoever Needs Food We’ll Feed Them One Way or the Other”: COVID-19 and Food Aid in Appalachian Kentucky","authors":"A. Koempel","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.73","url":null,"abstract":"In one eastern Kentucky county, the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic downturn ushered in increases in federal and corporate aid. In response, families with school-aged children distributed excess food to friends and neighbors and donated food back to pantries they had previously utilized. In-depth, semi-structured interviews illuminate how public-private food aid amidst the COVID-19 pandemic was distributed to and within rural Kentucky communities and who was left out. I introduce the concept of networks of care, which comprise local systems of distribution among family, friends, and neighbors that challenge reliance on market labor for subsistence while demanding constant work to maintain. This paper argues that networks of care demonstrate the need and an extent infrastructure for large-scale distributive politics that compensate for this ongoing care work.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47346310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.13
Daniel Lende, Alexis Monkhouse, Jay Ligatti, Xinming Ou
Long-term ethnographic research conducted at a software company examined how security concerns and practices became part of software development. Participant observation over a two-year period was done by researchers with cybersecurity backgrounds and training in both computer science and qualitative research, with ongoing analysis done by a larger interdisciplinary team. In situ researchers joined as software engineers and participated in daily work activities while observing development practices and analyzing software (in)security. The first year of research found that improving security during software development can be helped by a co-creation model, whereby security experts work directly with software developers to provide security tools applicable to the specific software within the workflow. Researchers-as-developers fostered conversations, concerns, and considerations of how to implement security within the process of development. The second year used a situated learning approach to understand the interface between software development, security, and the development team. Through an interactive learning process, software engineers gathered knowledge and applied it, helping to foster greater concerns for security as part of the overall “culture” of development within the company. This locally situated co-creation approach has resonances with participatory approaches in business anthropology and implications for how to promote the co-creation of knowledge and expertise more broadly.
{"title":"Co-Creation in Secure Software Development: Applied Ethnography and the Interface of Software and Development","authors":"Daniel Lende, Alexis Monkhouse, Jay Ligatti, Xinming Ou","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term ethnographic research conducted at a software company examined how security concerns and practices became part of software development. Participant observation over a two-year period was done by researchers with cybersecurity backgrounds and training in both computer science and qualitative research, with ongoing analysis done by a larger interdisciplinary team. In situ researchers joined as software engineers and participated in daily work activities while observing development practices and analyzing software (in)security. The first year of research found that improving security during software development can be helped by a co-creation model, whereby security experts work directly with software developers to provide security tools applicable to the specific software within the workflow. Researchers-as-developers fostered conversations, concerns, and considerations of how to implement security within the process of development. The second year used a situated learning approach to understand the interface between software development, security, and the development team. Through an interactive learning process, software engineers gathered knowledge and applied it, helping to foster greater concerns for security as part of the overall “culture” of development within the company. This locally situated co-creation approach has resonances with participatory approaches in business anthropology and implications for how to promote the co-creation of knowledge and expertise more broadly.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.48
M. Wakhungu, N. Rezaei, N. Diaz-Elsayed, Jiayi Hua, Minh Pham, Qiong Zhang
Technological innovation has increasingly become important in addressing the most pressing problems in society. To create better and sustainable solutions, project teams often strive to bring the people they are designed for to the innovation process. While the human-centered design approach has become popular in guiding design in the private sector, its place in addressing larger challenges beyond human needs is still not well defined. Using our experiences in designing the WasteWATER app, an open-source decision making tool intended to help design sustainable water reclamation systems, we illustrate the synergy between analytical research and human-centered design, through the convergence of design and anthropology in creating applied outcomes in universities. Analytical research can help understand complex problems such as the sustainability of water reclamation. At the same time, embedding design thinking in applied research projects can help researchers in academic institutions refine their solutions through collaborative and iterative design with stakeholders.
{"title":"Designing for Sustainability: A Web-based Tool for Water Reclamation","authors":"M. Wakhungu, N. Rezaei, N. Diaz-Elsayed, Jiayi Hua, Minh Pham, Qiong Zhang","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-82.1.48","url":null,"abstract":"Technological innovation has increasingly become important in addressing the most pressing problems in society. To create better and sustainable solutions, project teams often strive to bring the people they are designed for to the innovation process. While the human-centered design approach has become popular in guiding design in the private sector, its place in addressing larger challenges beyond human needs is still not well defined. Using our experiences in designing the WasteWATER app, an open-source decision making tool intended to help design sustainable water reclamation systems, we illustrate the synergy between analytical research and human-centered design, through the convergence of design and anthropology in creating applied outcomes in universities. Analytical research can help understand complex problems such as the sustainability of water reclamation. At the same time, embedding design thinking in applied research projects can help researchers in academic institutions refine their solutions through collaborative and iterative design with stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42992248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.348
E. Marino, Alessandra Jerolleman, Nathaniel L. Jessee, Annie Weyiouanna, Meghan Sigvana Topkok, Eli Keene, S. Manda
This article investigates whether it is possible to bring the longue durée, or the re-contextualization of risk distribution and accumulation, into litigation about climate outcomes. We do this by analyzing the structure of disaster litigation to identify if and whether historical harm is included in argumentation and by applying the concept of takings to a hypothetical legal argument of repetitive flooding in Alaska. We conclude that invisibility of historical harm in climate and disaster litigation gives insight into the preference and structure of the law.
{"title":"Is the Longue Durée a Legal Argument?: Understanding Takings Doctrine in Climate Change and Settler Colonial Contexts in the United States","authors":"E. Marino, Alessandra Jerolleman, Nathaniel L. Jessee, Annie Weyiouanna, Meghan Sigvana Topkok, Eli Keene, S. Manda","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.348","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates whether it is possible to bring the longue durée, or the re-contextualization of risk distribution and accumulation, into litigation about climate outcomes. We do this by analyzing the structure of disaster litigation to identify if and whether historical harm is included in argumentation and by applying the concept of takings to a hypothetical legal argument of repetitive flooding in Alaska. We conclude that invisibility of historical harm in climate and disaster litigation gives insight into the preference and structure of the law.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46223574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.327
Lilian L. Milanés
This article explores how community spaces (especially community centers) serve as sites of engaging medical pluralism. Two predominantly Latinx areas of Chicago are highlighted to help understand how underserved communities experience health inequities while managing metabolic conditions. This article identifies the significance of community centers, broadly defined, that function as physical forms of resilience and social justice for communities that have historically been underserved. Based on ethnographic research carried out between 2015 and 2017 in northwest and southwest Chicago with Latinx communities, this article examines the ways in which community centers address the needs of residents confronting chronic health inequities associated with metabolic conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol).
{"title":"Latinxs in Chicago: Managing Health Inequities with Community Centers","authors":"Lilian L. Milanés","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.327","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how community spaces (especially community centers) serve as sites of engaging medical pluralism. Two predominantly Latinx areas of Chicago are highlighted to help understand how underserved communities experience health inequities while managing metabolic conditions. This article identifies the significance of community centers, broadly defined, that function as physical forms of resilience and social justice for communities that have historically been underserved. Based on ethnographic research carried out between 2015 and 2017 in northwest and southwest Chicago with Latinx communities, this article examines the ways in which community centers address the needs of residents confronting chronic health inequities associated with metabolic conditions (diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol).","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.338
Ramey Moore
The trees at the heart of this paper are not an isolated story but contribute to the machinery of the settler colonial present, feeding off indigenous dispossession of the Arkansas Ozarks. In this paper, I explore “trail trees,” a form of culturally-modified tree used to sustain and perpetuate replacement narratives romanticizing a lost Native American past and constructing a pure, modern, scientific “reality” of White settler possession of the region. My critique is directed at the settler colonial worldview and the systems through which it is constructed, legitimated, and spread. I ask: What is at stake for advocates for the existence of “trail trees”? What can disrupt and dismantle the “trail tree” discourse and the replacement narrative that it functions within? What work can we do to create an opening for anti-colonial praxis? The answers to these questions involve direct engagement with conservation and conservationists and the narratives of replacement that suffuse their work.
{"title":"Returning to the “Natural State”: Trail Trees and Settler Colonial Conservation in the Arkansas Ozarks","authors":"Ramey Moore","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.338","url":null,"abstract":"The trees at the heart of this paper are not an isolated story but contribute to the machinery of the settler colonial present, feeding off indigenous dispossession of the Arkansas Ozarks. In this paper, I explore “trail trees,” a form of culturally-modified tree used to sustain and perpetuate replacement narratives romanticizing a lost Native American past and constructing a pure, modern, scientific “reality” of White settler possession of the region. My critique is directed at the settler colonial worldview and the systems through which it is constructed, legitimated, and spread. I ask: What is at stake for advocates for the existence of “trail trees”? What can disrupt and dismantle the “trail tree” discourse and the replacement narrative that it functions within? What work can we do to create an opening for anti-colonial praxis? The answers to these questions involve direct engagement with conservation and conservationists and the narratives of replacement that suffuse their work.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42326529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.401
A. Ruth, Katherine Mayfour, J. Hardin, T. Sangaramoorthy, A. Wutich, H. Bernard, A. Brewis, Melissa Beresford, Cindi Sturtzsreetharan, Bryan McKinley Jones Brayboy, H. Dengah, C. Gravlee, G. Guest, K. Harper, P. Mahdavi, S. Mattison, Mark Moritz, R. Negrón, B. Piperata, Jeffrey G. Snodgrass, Rebecca K. Zarger
Ethnography is a core methodology in anthropology and other disciplines. Yet, there is currently no scholarly consensus on how to teach ethnographic methods—or even what methods belong in the ethnographic toolkit. We report on a systematic analysis of syllabi to gauge how ethnographic methods are taught in the United States. We analyze 107 methods syllabi from a nationally elicited sample of university faculty who teach ethnography. Systematic coding shows that ethics, research design, participant observation, interviewing, and analysis are central to ethnographic instruction. But many key components of ethical, quality ethnographic practice (like preparing an IRB application, reflexivity, positionality, taking field notes, accurate transcription, theme identification, and coding) are only taught rarely. We suggest that, without inclusion of such elements in its basic training, the fields that prioritize this methodology are at risk of inadvertently perpetuating uneven, erratic, and extractive fieldwork practices.
{"title":"Teaching Ethnographic Methods: The State of the Art","authors":"A. Ruth, Katherine Mayfour, J. Hardin, T. Sangaramoorthy, A. Wutich, H. Bernard, A. Brewis, Melissa Beresford, Cindi Sturtzsreetharan, Bryan McKinley Jones Brayboy, H. Dengah, C. Gravlee, G. Guest, K. Harper, P. Mahdavi, S. Mattison, Mark Moritz, R. Negrón, B. Piperata, Jeffrey G. Snodgrass, Rebecca K. Zarger","doi":"10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-81.4.401","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnography is a core methodology in anthropology and other disciplines. Yet, there is currently no scholarly consensus on how to teach ethnographic methods—or even what methods belong in the ethnographic toolkit. We report on a systematic analysis of syllabi to gauge how ethnographic methods are taught in the United States. We analyze 107 methods syllabi from a nationally elicited sample of university faculty who teach ethnography. Systematic coding shows that ethics, research design, participant observation, interviewing, and analysis are central to ethnographic instruction. But many key components of ethical, quality ethnographic practice (like preparing an IRB application, reflexivity, positionality, taking field notes, accurate transcription, theme identification, and coding) are only taught rarely. We suggest that, without inclusion of such elements in its basic training, the fields that prioritize this methodology are at risk of inadvertently perpetuating uneven, erratic, and extractive fieldwork practices.","PeriodicalId":47620,"journal":{"name":"Human Organization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47472878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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