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Batey Studies as a Critical Area of Research and Intervention: A Reflection on “Structural Violence as Social Practice: Haitian Agricultural Workers, Anti-Haitianism, and Health in the Dominican Republic” Batey研究作为研究和干预的关键领域:对“作为社会实践的结构性暴力:海地农业工人,反海地主义和多米尼加共和国的健康”的反思
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.3.246
Davis E Simmons
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引用次数: 0
Kidney Disease, Health, and Commodification of Drinking Water: An Anthropological Inquiry into the Introduction of Reverse Osmosis Water in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka 肾脏疾病、健康和饮用水商品化:斯里兰卡中北部省引入反渗透水的人类学调查
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.140
M.W. Amarasiri de Silva, S. Albert
In response to evidence suggesting that polluted drinking water is a risk factor for Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka, the government introduced reverse osmosis (RO) water as an alternative form of drinking water in the North Central Province (NCP) between 2010 and 2016. We examine whether CKDu prevalence and disease progression have been reduced as a result of the introduction of RO water and behavioral changes and how villagers perceive the changes.
有证据表明,斯里兰卡受污染的饮用水是导致病因不明的慢性肾脏疾病(CKDu)的危险因素,为此,政府在2010年至2016年期间在中北部省(NCP)引入了反渗透(RO)水作为饮用水的替代形式。我们研究了引入反渗透水和行为改变是否减少了CKDu患病率和疾病进展,以及村民如何看待这些变化。
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引用次数: 3
The Criminalization of Undocumented Work, Pandemic Suffering, and the Meat We Eat: A Reflection on “What’s ‘Justice and Dignity’ Got to Do with It?” (Stuesse 2010) 无证工作、流行病折磨和我们吃的肉的刑事定罪:对“‘正义和尊严’与之有什么关系?”的反思(Stuesse 2010)
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.102
Angela C. Stuesse
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引用次数: 0
Engaged Research in a Hurry: The Case for and Complications of Immediate Anthropology 仓促从事研究:直接人类学的个案及其复杂性
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.117
Krista Billingsley, Dillon Mahoney
Since 2017, the United States has dramatically decreased its budget for refugee resettlement, increasing barriers to services that help refugees meet their basic needs. For us, as anthropologists, given the relationships that are cultivated through long-term ethnographic research, it is impossible to ignore the detrimental effects of national policy changes in a political environment that is unlikely to change due to our policy recommendations. In addition, the stated needs of the communities with which we work often require immediate solutions. How then, can we, as applied academic anthropologists, collaborate to immediately apply our methods and expertise to refugee resettlement in the United States? Despite the promise of a new administration, this is especially important within the context of the rapid national decrease in funding over the last four years that has resulted in the neglect of refugees in often discriminatory ways. Within this context, and in response to anthropologists’ recent criticism of urgent approaches to research during times of “crisis,” we examine the possibilities for and complications of what we are terming immediate anthropology.
自2017年以来,美国大幅削减了难民安置预算,增加了帮助难民满足基本需求的服务的障碍。对我们人类学家来说,考虑到通过长期人种学研究培养的关系,在一个不太可能因我们的政策建议而改变的政治环境中,不可能忽视国家政策变化的有害影响。此外,我们工作的社区所陈述的需求往往需要立即解决。那么,作为应用学术人类学家,我们如何合作,立即将我们的方法和专业知识应用于美国的难民重新安置?尽管有一个新的行政当局的承诺,但在过去四年来国家资金迅速减少的背景下,这一点尤其重要,这种减少导致经常以歧视性的方式忽视难民。在这种背景下,作为对人类学家最近在“危机”时期对紧急研究方法的批评的回应,我们研究了我们称之为“即时人类学”的可能性和复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
“It’s a Long Walk to Development”: Navigating Capacity and Time in Cape Town’s Informal Settlements “发展之路漫漫”:开普敦非正规住区的导航能力和时间
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.152
Angela D. Storey
In Cape Town’s informal settlements, the difficulties of living without permanent housing or basic services are compounded by frustrations of waiting for this development—a waiting permeated by the engagement of residents in political and social actions calling for fulfillment of promised development. In this article, I examine the involvement of informal settlement residents within an NGO-coordinated, state-funded participatory development project. I explore how the concept of capacity-building was mobilized within the project, and, ultimately, how it rationalized the uncertainties of bureaucratic processes and the experience of waiting for development. Actors seeking to create development were enlisted to make sense of—and effectively normalize—the experiences of waiting, even against their organizational or personal perspectives. I conclude with a discussion of how these findings can inform praxis, suggesting that development practitioners are responsible to make visible the power dynamics surrounding their own position within projects and should use their platforms to highlight the extant knowledge and skills of the communities with whom they work.
在开普敦的非正规住区,在没有永久住房或基本服务的情况下生活的困难,加上等待这一发展的挫折感——居民参与政治和社会行动,呼吁实现承诺的发展,这一等待贯穿其中。在这篇文章中,我考察了非政府组织协调、国家资助的参与式发展项目中非正规定居点居民的参与情况。我探讨了如何在项目中调动能力建设的概念,以及最终如何使官僚程序的不确定性和等待发展的经历合理化。寻求创造发展的行动者被招募来理解——并有效地规范——等待的体验,即使是从他们的组织或个人角度来看。最后,我讨论了这些发现如何为实践提供信息,建议发展从业者有责任让人们看到围绕他们自己在项目中的地位的权力动态,并应利用他们的平台来突出与他们合作的社区的现有知识和技能。
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引用次数: 0
Introducing “A Blast from the Past,” a New Feature of Human Organization 介绍“来自过去的爆炸”,人类组织的新特征
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.87
N. Romero-Daza, D. Himmelgreen
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引用次数: 0
What’s “Justice and Dignity” Got to Do with It?: Migrant Vulnerability, Corporate Complicity, and the State 这跟"正义和尊严"有什么关系?:移民脆弱性、企业共谋和国家
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.105
Angela C. Stuesse
In 2001, Tyson Foods, one of the world’s leading chicken processors, was indicted on charges that it recruited undocumented migrants to work in its plants across the rural United States. In the following years, Tyson engaged in an operation to purge the largest chicken plant in the country of hundreds of unionized immigrant workers, relying heavily on the Social Security Administration’s controversial “No-Match” program to shape its termination practices. In response, a local campaign called for “Justice and Dignity” in the form of an improved corporate policy that would simultaneously serve the interests of the company, its workers, and their communities. This article chronicles that localized struggle and its national aftermath, illuminating the far-reaching effects federal “employer sanctions” have had on transnational corporations and their policymakers, on workers of different backgrounds, and on strategies used to advocate for worker rights. Politically engaged ethnography reveals how differentially positioned actors navigate and experience the neoliberal immigration and employment laws of the United States while deepening our understanding of the workings of the poultry industry, the recruitment of immigrant workers, and the anthropology of organized labor.
2001年,世界领先的鸡肉加工商之一泰森食品(Tyson Foods)被指控在其遍布美国农村的工厂招募无证移民工作。在接下来的几年里,泰森食品公司开展了一项行动,清除了数百名加入工会的移民工人,这在很大程度上依赖于美国社会保障局(Social Security Administration)有争议的“不匹配”(No-Match)计划来制定其解雇做法。作为回应,当地的一场运动呼吁“正义和尊严”,以改进公司政策的形式,同时为公司、员工和社区的利益服务。本文记录了这场局部斗争及其在全国范围内的后果,阐明了联邦“雇主制裁”对跨国公司及其政策制定者、不同背景的工人以及倡导工人权利的策略所产生的深远影响。政治参与的民族志揭示了不同位置的演员如何驾驭和体验美国的新自由主义移民和就业法,同时加深了我们对家禽业运作、移民工人招聘和有组织劳工人类学的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Articulating a Succinct Description: An Applied Method for Catalyzing Cultural Change 表达简洁的描述:一种催化文化变革的实用方法
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.128
Coleen Carrigan, Noah Robert Krigel, Mira Banerjee Brown, M. Bardini
Articulating a Succinct Description uses ethnographic data to create case study interventions facilitated with people who belong to the culture with whom the ethnographer is engaged. We do so in order to disseminate research findings, address problems presented in the case, and collect additional data for further collective analysis. Further, Articulating a Succinct Description is designed as a means of intervention for underrepresented group members to be heard and gain support and promote equity engagement among majority members in efforts to create more inclusive cultures. In this paper, we validate this method using findings from its application with engineering students at a public university. This method allowed us to view engineering culture not as monolithic, but rather as one with multiple sets of cultural beliefs, values, and behaviors. In particular, we noted a behavior among students we’ve called Swing Staters, who expressed meritocratic beliefs, yet, who we argue, may be critical to reducing bias in engineering education. These findings, analyzed along interwoven threads of race and gender, demonstrate the efficacy of the Articulating a Succinct Description method and contribute to efforts in engineering education to advance pedagogical tools to reduce bias and exclusions in these fields.
清晰的描述使用民族志数据创建案例研究干预措施,为属于民族志学家所从事文化的人提供便利。我们这样做是为了传播研究结果,解决案件中出现的问题,并收集更多数据进行进一步的集体分析。此外,表达简洁的描述是一种干预手段,让代表性不足的群体成员能够被倾听,获得支持,并促进大多数成员的公平参与,努力创造更具包容性的文化。在本文中,我们使用该方法在公立大学工程系学生中的应用结果来验证该方法。这种方法使我们能够将工程文化视为一种具有多种文化信仰、价值观和行为的文化,而不是单一的。特别是,我们注意到我们称之为摇摆州学生的一种行为,他们表达了精英主义的信仰,但我们认为,他们可能对减少工程教育中的偏见至关重要。这些发现沿着种族和性别的交织线索进行了分析,证明了清晰描述方法的有效性,并有助于工程教育努力推进教学工具,以减少这些领域的偏见和排斥。
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引用次数: 1
Navigating and Engaging Continued Violence and Migration, A Reflection on: “Violence and Migration on the Arizona-Sonora Border” 驾驭和参与持续的暴力和移民,反思:“亚利桑那-索诺拉边境的暴力和移徙”
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.88
Jeremy Slack, Scott Whiteford
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引用次数: 1
“You Can’t Catch ‘Em and Sell ‘Em”: Perceptions of Obstacles to Direct Marketing among Georgia Fishers “你不能抓Em就卖Em”:乔治亚州渔民对直销障碍的认识
IF 0.8 4区 社会学 Q3 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.162
Jennifer Sweeney Tookes, T. Yandle
Direct marketing of seafood is a promising avenue for seafood sales in the United States, utilizing local foods venues such as farmers markets and Community Supported Fisheries (CSFs). While interest in locally sourced seafood among local foods communities in Atlanta and Athens, Georgia is high, fishers from coastal Georgia have not filled this profitable niche. We investigate why this opportunity is not exploited by conducting qualitative interviews with twenty-one fishers. Fishers described numerous obstacles to direct marketing, focused on the simultaneous labor investment in on-shore and “on the water” efforts. In addition, fishers’ concerns reveal the financial and social risks that fishers would undertake by attempting to sell seafood outside of their existing economic arrangements with docks. This relationship echoes the understudied patron-client relationships described in fisheries in Southeast Asia. We conclude with a recommendation for modifying direct marketing expectations to accommodate successful integration of seafood.
在美国,利用农贸市场和社区支持渔业(CSF)等当地食品场所,直接营销海鲜是一种很有前途的海鲜销售途径。虽然佐治亚州亚特兰大和雅典的当地食品社区对当地采购的海鲜很感兴趣,但来自佐治亚州沿海地区的渔民并没有填补这一有利可图的利基市场。我们通过对21名渔民进行定性访谈来调查为什么没有利用这个机会。Fishers描述了直销的众多障碍,重点是同时在岸上和“水上”进行劳动力投资。此外,渔民的担忧揭示了渔民试图在与码头的现有经济安排之外出售海鲜所面临的财务和社会风险。这种关系与东南亚渔业中所描述的研究不足的赞助人-客户关系相呼应。最后,我们建议修改直接营销预期,以适应海鲜的成功整合。
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引用次数: 1
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Human Organization
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