Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1332/030557321X16195259085986
F. Laruffa
Within the welfare state literature, critics of social investment have argued that its economic logic replaces ‘social’ considerations (for example, focused on rights/needs) and that this could reinforce the marginalisation of vulnerable populations, as they are unattractive ‘human capital’. Against this background, this article focuses on the counterintuitive case of the social investment approach to homelessness promoted by the European Commission. Through the comparison with previous EU initiatives in the homelessness field, the analysis reveals that while social investment partially replaces values-based logics with the economic rationale, it involves the same ‘solutions’ as values-oriented approaches, that is, preventing/combating homelessness can be justified interchangeably following an ‘economic’ or a ‘social’ logic. To explain this paradoxical result, the article draws from the political economy literature, which shows how disadvantage can be transformed into an investment object. Overall, this study suggests understanding social investment as a paradigm that attempts to promote the ‘social’ through its economisation.
{"title":"Promoting social goals through economisation? Social investment and the counterintuitive case of homelessness","authors":"F. Laruffa","doi":"10.1332/030557321X16195259085986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557321X16195259085986","url":null,"abstract":"Within the welfare state literature, critics of social investment have argued that its economic logic replaces ‘social’ considerations (for example, focused on rights/needs) and that this could reinforce the marginalisation of vulnerable populations, as they are unattractive ‘human capital’. Against this background, this article focuses on the counterintuitive case of the social investment approach to homelessness promoted by the European Commission. Through the comparison with previous EU initiatives in the homelessness field, the analysis reveals that while social investment partially replaces values-based logics with the economic rationale, it involves the same ‘solutions’ as values-oriented approaches, that is, preventing/combating homelessness can be justified interchangeably following an ‘economic’ or a ‘social’ logic. To explain this paradoxical result, the article draws from the political economy literature, which shows how disadvantage can be transformed into an investment object. Overall, this study suggests understanding social investment as a paradigm that attempts to promote the ‘social’ through its economisation.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84009057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-31DOI: 10.1332/030557319X15579230420126
Margot Hermus, A. Buuren, V. Bekkers
The attention for applying design-oriented approaches in public administration has increased significantly. Applying design is seen as a promising way to deal with wicked problems and create more responsive policies and services. We aim to contribute to the debate on the value of design for public administration and the development of the latter into a design science by conducting a systematic literature review into the empirical applications of design. We analyse the goals, processes and outcomes of 92 empirical studies. Based upon this we distil six design approaches, varying from traditional scientific and informational approaches to innovative, user-driven and thus more ‘inspirational’ approaches. The more traditional (science-driven) approaches still dominate the field. The impact of these types of studies is correspondingly low. We argue that further developing and refining the whole range of design approaches can foster both the scientific rigour and the societal relevance of a design-oriented public administration.
{"title":"Applying design in public administration: a literature review to explore the state of the art","authors":"Margot Hermus, A. Buuren, V. Bekkers","doi":"10.1332/030557319X15579230420126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557319X15579230420126","url":null,"abstract":"The attention for applying design-oriented approaches in public administration has increased \u0000significantly. Applying design is seen as a promising way to deal with wicked problems and create \u0000more responsive policies and services. We aim to contribute to the debate on the value of design \u0000for public administration and the development of the latter into a design science by conducting \u0000a systematic literature review into the empirical applications of design. We analyse the goals, \u0000processes and outcomes of 92 empirical studies. Based upon this we distil six design approaches, \u0000varying from traditional scientific and informational approaches to innovative, user-driven and thus \u0000more ‘inspirational’ approaches. The more traditional (science-driven) approaches still dominate the \u0000field. The impact of these types of studies is correspondingly low. We argue that further developing \u0000and refining the whole range of design approaches can foster both the scientific rigour and the \u0000societal relevance of a design-oriented public administration.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"20 1","pages":"21-48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84640938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1332/030557320x15870515357288
Vesa Koskimaa, Lauri Rapeli
Democratic innovations, such as the introduction of deliberative mini-publics, have attracted increasing attention. The assumption is that involving citizens more directly in policymaking offers a way to address the widespread decline in public trust in the democratic process and traditional forms of engagement, such as voting in elections. While a thriving literature discusses the merits of mini-publics from a citizen perspective, scholars have neglected the views of policymakers. To fill the gap, we draw on two recent surveys conducted in Finland to examine citizens’ and policymakers’ attitudes to mini-publics. The data show that citizens report high levels of trust in the capacity of a deliberative citizen body to produce meaningful policies. However, policymakers are more sceptical about their value. This finding is important because it may well have implications for the willingness of policymakers to create mini-publics and take their recommendations into account.
{"title":"Fit to govern? Comparing citizen and policymaker perceptions of deliberative democratic innovations","authors":"Vesa Koskimaa, Lauri Rapeli","doi":"10.1332/030557320x15870515357288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15870515357288","url":null,"abstract":"Democratic innovations, such as the introduction of deliberative mini-publics, have attracted increasing attention. The assumption is that involving citizens more directly in policymaking offers a way to address the widespread decline in public trust in the democratic process and traditional\u0000 forms of engagement, such as voting in elections. While a thriving literature discusses the merits of mini-publics from a citizen perspective, scholars have neglected the views of policymakers. To fill the gap, we draw on two recent surveys conducted in Finland to examine citizens’ and\u0000 policymakers’ attitudes to mini-publics. The data show that citizens report high levels of trust in the capacity of a deliberative citizen body to produce meaningful policies. However, policymakers are more sceptical about their value. This finding is important because it may well have\u0000 implications for the willingness of policymakers to create mini-publics and take their recommendations into account.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"21 1","pages":"637-652"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89344624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1332/030557320x15786631116992
Lhawang Ugyel, C. Daugbjerg
The scope and intensity of policy transfer has increased in recent years as developing countries have drawn on public sector reform programmes based on new public management practices originally designed in western democracies. However, there is mounting evidence that to be successful, reform programmes must be adapted to local contexts. This article demonstrates that national government control of policy transfer can enable localisation which in turn enhances the effectiveness of public reforms. Analysis of the Position Classification System ‐ which sought to enhance accountability, efficiency and professionalism in the civil service in Bhutan ‐ highlights two conditions that enable domestic control of the policy transfer process: strong internal motivation for engaging in policy transfer and the establishment or adaptation of institutions to manage processes of policy transfer. We conclude that when these conditions apply, a developing country can engage in successful voluntary policy transfer and retain control of the process.
{"title":"Successful policy transfer and public sector reform in developing countries","authors":"Lhawang Ugyel, C. Daugbjerg","doi":"10.1332/030557320x15786631116992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15786631116992","url":null,"abstract":"The scope and intensity of policy transfer has increased in recent years as developing countries have drawn on public sector reform programmes based on new public management practices originally designed in western democracies. However, there is mounting evidence that to be successful,\u0000 reform programmes must be adapted to local contexts. This article demonstrates that national government control of policy transfer can enable localisation which in turn enhances the effectiveness of public reforms. Analysis of the Position Classification System ‐ which sought to enhance\u0000 accountability, efficiency and professionalism in the civil service in Bhutan ‐ highlights two conditions that enable domestic control of the policy transfer process: strong internal motivation for engaging in policy transfer and the establishment or adaptation of institutions to manage\u0000 processes of policy transfer. We conclude that when these conditions apply, a developing country can engage in successful voluntary policy transfer and retain control of the process.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"336 1","pages":"603-618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80626075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1332/030557320x15870482509817
P. Diamond
In countries worldwide, the provision of policy advice to central governments has been transformed by the deinstitutionalisation of policymaking, which has engaged a diverse range of actors in the policy process. Scholarship should therefore address the impact of deinstitutionalisation in terms of the scope and scale of policy advisory systems, as well as in terms of the influence of policy advisors. This article addresses this gap, presenting a programme of research on policy advice in Whitehall. Building on Craft and Halligan’s conceptualisation of a ‘policy advisory system’, it argues that in an era of polycentric governance, policy advice is shaped by ‘interlocking actors’ beyond government bureaucracy, and that the pluralisation of advisory bodies marginalises the civil service. The implications of such alterations are considered against the backdrop of governance changes, particularly the hybridisation of institutions, which has made policymaking processes complex, prone to unpredictability and at risk of policy blunders.
{"title":"Polycentric governance and policy advice: lessons from Whitehall policy advisory systems","authors":"P. Diamond","doi":"10.1332/030557320x15870482509817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15870482509817","url":null,"abstract":"In countries worldwide, the provision of policy advice to central governments has been transformed by the deinstitutionalisation of policymaking, which has engaged a diverse range of actors in the policy process. Scholarship should therefore address the impact of deinstitutionalisation\u0000 in terms of the scope and scale of policy advisory systems, as well as in terms of the influence of policy advisors. This article addresses this gap, presenting a programme of research on policy advice in Whitehall. Building on Craft and Halligan’s conceptualisation of a ‘policy\u0000 advisory system’, it argues that in an era of polycentric governance, policy advice is shaped by ‘interlocking actors’ beyond government bureaucracy, and that the pluralisation of advisory bodies marginalises the civil service. The implications of such alterations are considered\u0000 against the backdrop of governance changes, particularly the hybridisation of institutions, which has made policymaking processes complex, prone to unpredictability and at risk of policy blunders.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":"563-581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90121849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1332/030557320x15894563823146
M. Maor
This article focuses on governments’ attempts to intensify crises for political gain, and identifies a series of unnecessary crisis management responses that follow distinctive policy overreaction styles. It is based on the premise that political executives at times face incentives to shape voters’ perceptions regarding the timing and scope of a crisis, even though no crisis actually exists. Analysing Trump’s response towards the so-called ‘invasion’ by a caravan of asylum seekers, the article identifies three distinctive crisis overreaction policy styles: communicating in absolutes, performing in absolutes, and challenging the rule of law. Each of these overreaction styles includes a specific set of tool preferences; an active means of implementation; and an impositional manner of execution. By highlighting the potential advantages of marrying the concept of crisis to the ideas of policy overreaction and policy style, this article makes an important contribution to our understanding of the politics of crisis management.
{"title":"Policy overreaction styles during manufactured crises","authors":"M. Maor","doi":"10.1332/030557320x15894563823146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15894563823146","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on governments’ attempts to intensify crises for political gain, and identifies a series of unnecessary crisis management responses that follow distinctive policy overreaction styles. It is based on the premise that political executives at times face incentives\u0000 to shape voters’ perceptions regarding the timing and scope of a crisis, even though no crisis actually exists. Analysing Trump’s response towards the so-called ‘invasion’ by a caravan of asylum seekers, the article identifies three distinctive crisis overreaction policy\u0000 styles: communicating in absolutes, performing in absolutes, and challenging the rule of law. Each of these overreaction styles includes a specific set of tool preferences; an active means of implementation; and an impositional manner of execution. By highlighting the potential advantages\u0000 of marrying the concept of crisis to the ideas of policy overreaction and policy style, this article makes an important contribution to our understanding of the politics of crisis management.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"9 1","pages":"523-539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86486615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1332/030557320x15857302634993
Zhonghua Gu, B. Wissink, Yuan Hu
This article argues that mega-events can become important sites for the contestation of a variety of justice claims, including recognition for regional identities. The existing literature explores the potential of mega-events to achieve redistribution but their impact on identity claims is under-researched. Our analysis of the Cantonese language controversy in the run-up to the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games fills this gap by employing a discourse-historical approach. It demonstrates that a range of discursive strategies relating to the Cantonese language played a crucial role in the articulation of a Cantonese regional identity and were, in turn, countered through discursive strategies employed by local government, which argued that Cantonese and Chinese identities are not mutually exclusive. We conclude that scholars need to pay more attention to mega-events that are staged in non-Western countries outside core cities, as well as to the role that they can play in attempts to promote the recognition of regional identities.
{"title":"Mega-events and regional identities: the 2010 Asian Games language controversy","authors":"Zhonghua Gu, B. Wissink, Yuan Hu","doi":"10.1332/030557320x15857302634993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15857302634993","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that mega-events can become important sites for the contestation of a variety of justice claims, including recognition for regional identities. The existing literature explores the potential of mega-events to achieve redistribution but their impact on identity claims is under-researched. Our analysis of the Cantonese language controversy in the run-up to the Guangzhou 2010 Asian Games fills this gap by employing a discourse-historical approach. It demonstrates that a range of discursive strategies relating to the Cantonese language played a crucial role in the articulation of a Cantonese regional identity and were, in turn, countered through discursive strategies employed by local government, which argued that Cantonese and Chinese identities are not mutually exclusive. We conclude that scholars need to pay more attention to mega-events that are staged in non-Western countries outside core cities, as well as to the role that they can play in attempts to promote the recognition of regional identities.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"87 1","pages":"619-636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82657095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-25DOI: 10.1332/030557320x15967973532891
A. Moseley, Eva Thomann
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Policy Press via the DOI in this record
这是作者接受的稿件。最终版本可通过本记录中的DOI从Policy Press获得
{"title":"A behavioural model of heuristics and biases in frontline policy implementation","authors":"A. Moseley, Eva Thomann","doi":"10.1332/030557320x15967973532891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15967973532891","url":null,"abstract":"This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Policy Press via the DOI in this record","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89199198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-26DOI: 10.1332/030557320x15955052478653
Don S. Lee, Soonae Park
The aim of this article is to explore the motivations of street-level bureaucrats when implementing change initiated by elected politicians. We analyse experimental data on more than 1,800 local civil servants from all 243 local governments in South Korea and find that street-level bureaucrats are more likely to implement change instigated by local elected politicians when their own policy positions are reflected in the reforms. Moreover, the degree to which street-level bureaucrats are likely to execute reforms instigated by local politicians is greater when bureaucrats perceive themselves as having more freedom to exercise discretion. These findings reveal a behavioural insight into the conditions in which bureaucrats are more likely to respond to change championed by elected politicians versus conditions where they are more likely to follow existing rules in the policy implementation process.
{"title":"What motivates street-level bureaucrats to implement the reforms of elected politicians?","authors":"Don S. Lee, Soonae Park","doi":"10.1332/030557320x15955052478653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15955052478653","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to explore the motivations of street-level bureaucrats when implementing change initiated by elected politicians. We analyse experimental data on more than 1,800 local civil servants from all 243 local governments in South Korea and find that street-level bureaucrats are more likely to implement change instigated by local elected politicians when their own policy positions are reflected in the reforms. Moreover, the degree to which street-level bureaucrats are likely to execute reforms instigated by local politicians is greater when bureaucrats perceive themselves as having more freedom to exercise discretion. These findings reveal a behavioural insight into the conditions in which bureaucrats are more likely to respond to change championed by elected politicians versus conditions where they are more likely to follow existing rules in the policy implementation process.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88943620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-23DOI: 10.1332/030557320x15955052119363
S. Cotterill, P. John, M. Johnston
Behavioural public policy interventions have been implemented across the world, targeting citizens, professionals, politicians and policymakers. This article examines poor quality reporting of interventions and methods in some behavioural public policy research. We undertake a review of existing reporting standards to assess their suitability for the behavioural public policy context. Our findings reveal that the adoption of standards can improve the reliability and reproducibility of research; provide a more robust evidence base from which to generalise findings; and convince sceptics of the value of behavioural public policy research. We conclude that use of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTTv1) would add rigour to intervention reporting. We argue there is a need for a combined tool to guide the design and reporting of randomised controlled trials, incorporating elements from the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist and other sources.
{"title":"How can better monitoring, reporting and evaluation standards advance behavioural public policy?","authors":"S. Cotterill, P. John, M. Johnston","doi":"10.1332/030557320x15955052119363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557320x15955052119363","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioural public policy interventions have been implemented across the world, targeting citizens, professionals, politicians and policymakers. This article examines poor quality reporting of interventions and methods in some behavioural public policy research. We undertake a review\u0000 of existing reporting standards to assess their suitability for the behavioural public policy context. Our findings reveal that the adoption of standards can improve the reliability and reproducibility of research; provide a more robust evidence base from which to generalise findings; and\u0000 convince sceptics of the value of behavioural public policy research. We conclude that use of the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy (BCTTv1) would add rigour to intervention reporting. We argue there is a need\u0000 for a combined tool to guide the design and reporting of randomised controlled trials, incorporating elements from the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist and other sources.","PeriodicalId":47631,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Politics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88906882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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