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Racial Capitalism and the Informatics of Value 种族资本主义与价值信息学
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8903620
S. Franklin
This article takes the presentation of mechanical and informatic models in Samuel Delany's Neveryóna as an occasion to examine the relations of force, abstraction, information, and differential valuation that constitute racial capitalism. In order to do this, the article considers the continuities and divergences between the principles those models demonstrate, the lessons on value and economic determination that precede them, and Delany's subsequent presentation of surplus populations, intricated “free” and slave labor, and the modes of racialized differentiation that shape and are shaped in the interstices of those social formations. In Delany's sword-and-sorcery bildungsroman, the models illustrate the abstract logic of value, show that logic to be informatic in character, and point toward a dialectical relationship between this informatic logic and the concrete practices of dispossession that produce and operate through ascriptive race and gender regimes. Value's abstract operations are too often understood to be incommensurable with such regimes, yet Delany's presentation deploys the language and processes associated with informatics to reveal an essential relationship between the abstract network that results from value's mediating function and the modes of ascription and concrete violence that, as a result of such mediation, tend to be associated with precapitalist or noncapitalist social formations.
本文以塞缪尔·德拉尼(Samuel Delany)的Neveryóna中的机械模型和信息学模型为契机,考察构成种族资本主义的力量、抽象、信息和差异估值之间的关系。为了做到这一点,本文考虑了这些模型所展示的原则之间的连续性和分歧,在它们之前的价值和经济决定的教训,以及德拉尼随后提出的过剩人口,复杂的“自由”和奴隶劳动,以及在这些社会形态的间隙中形成和被塑造的种族化分化模式。在德拉尼的剑与巫术的成长小说中,这些模型说明了价值的抽象逻辑,表明逻辑具有信息性,并指出了这种信息性逻辑和通过描述性种族和性别制度产生和运作的剥夺的具体实践之间的辩证关系。价值的抽象操作常常被理解为与这样的制度不可通约,然而德拉尼的展示运用了与信息学相关的语言和过程,揭示了价值中介功能产生的抽象网络与归属模式和具体暴力之间的本质关系,这些模式和具体暴力作为这种中介的结果,往往与前资本主义或非资本主义社会形态有关。
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引用次数: 2
In the Wake of Visual Failure 视觉上的失败
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8903577
W. Sung
This article examines the role of the visual in instances of recorded anti-Black racial violence and pushes against dominant discourses of the technological rescue narrative—that technology and more visibility will lead to different outcomes of accountability, protection, and safety. Instead, this article argues that the tightly bound association of anti-Black racial violence's recognizability to the visual has created a dynamic that simultaneously moves us closer to and further away from its ontological truths. Examining Twitter as a multisensorial platform and its users’ imaginative engagements with the #IfIDieInPoliceCustody hashtag memorializing Sandra Bland's death, the author identifies that users craft an anticipatory nonspectatorship, a mode of imaginative witnessing arising from the contexts of technological and visual failure and the situated imaginations of Black epistemologies. These users register a deep suspicion of the evidentiary and refuse the spectacular of racial violence's visual form, instead highlighting its ubiquitous and quotidian nature by asserting themselves into their own scenes of visual failure and becoming witnesses to their own imagined deaths. Finally, in identifying the visual failures surrounding Sandra Bland's jail cell, the author illuminates how the ontology of the glitch can demonstrate the mechanics of white supremacy's operations.
这篇文章探讨了视觉在记录在案的反黑人种族暴力事件中的作用,并反对技术救援叙事的主流话语——技术和更高的可见性将导致问责制、保护和安全的不同结果。相反,这篇文章认为,反黑人种族暴力对视觉的可识别性之间的紧密联系创造了一种动态,同时使我们越来越接近和远离其本体论真理。通过将推特作为一个多感官平台及其用户对纪念桑德拉·布兰德之死的#IfIDieInPoliceCustomy标签的想象参与,作者发现用户创造了一种预期的非预期,一种由技术和视觉失败以及黑人认识论的情境想象产生的想象见证模式。这些用户对证据深表怀疑,拒绝接受种族暴力视觉形式的壮观,而是通过在自己的视觉失败场景中表现自己,成为自己想象中的死亡的目击者,来突出其无处不在的日常性质。最后,在识别桑德拉·布兰德牢房周围的视觉故障时,作者阐明了故障的本体论如何证明白人至上主义的运作机制。
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引用次数: 0
Broken Automatons and Barbed Ecologies in Ligia Lewis's Choreographic Imaginary 李吉娅·刘易斯编舞想象中的断裂自动机与理发生态
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8903606
Dixa Ramírez D’Oleo
This article considers choreographer Ligia Lewis's hour-long ensemble performance Water Will (in Melody) to theorize on the relationship between ecological fugitivity and black fugitive movement. It explores how Lewis's choreography disrupts the colonial space-times of colonialism and slavery by offering portals into other space-times. In Water Will (in Melody), racialized assemblages break down from overuse and from glaring surveillance in the form of illumination. The last few minutes of the piece evoke an ambivalent postapocalyptic space-time where darkness becomes textured with what seems to be moonlight peeking into a wet cave. This ending evokes the ecological of histories of fugitivity and the earthiness of Édouard Glissant's concept of opacity, both frequently overlooked in discussions of black fugitivity. The final section traces Lewis's fugitive choreography into what the article calls the barbed ecologies of the hills of the Dominican Republic and Haiti, sites of black and indigenous marronage and symbiosis.
本文以编舞家Ligia Lewis长达一小时的合奏《水的意志》(旋律)为例,对生态赋格性与黑人逃亡运动之间的关系进行了理论探讨。它探讨了刘易斯的编舞如何通过提供进入其他太空时代的门户,颠覆殖民主义和奴隶制的殖民太空时代。在《水的意志》(在《旋律》中)中,种族化的组合因过度使用和照明形式的明显监视而崩溃。这部作品的最后几分钟唤起了一个矛盾的后启示录时空,在那里,黑暗变得有质感,似乎是月光从潮湿的洞穴中窥视。这个结局唤起了逃亡历史的生态性和埃杜亚德·格里桑的不透明概念的泥土性,这两个概念在讨论黑人逃亡时都经常被忽视。最后一节将刘易斯逃亡的舞蹈追溯到文章所说的多米尼加共和国和海地山丘上的倒刺生态中,这些山丘是黑人和土著人通婚和共生的地方。
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引用次数: 1
Beyond Land Acknowledgment in Settler Institutions 定居者制度中的超越土地承认
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8750076
Theresa Stewart-Ambo, K. Yang
What does land acknowledgment do? Where does it come from? Where is it pointing? Existing literature, especially critiques by Indigenous scholars, unequivocally assert that settler land acknowledgments are problematic in their favoring of rhetoric over action. However, formal written statements may challenge institutions to recognize their complicity in settler colonialism and their institutional responsibilities to tribal sovereignty. Building on these critiques, particularly the writings of Métis cultural producer Chelsea Vowel, this article offers beyond as a framework for how institutional land acknowledgments can or cannot support Indigenous relationality, land pedagogy, and accountability to place and peoples. The authors describe the critical differences between Indigenous protocols of mutual recognition and settler practices of land acknowledgment. These Indigenous/settler differences illuminate an Indigenous perspective on what acknowledgments ought to accomplish. For example, Acjachemen/Tongva scholar Charles Sepulveda forwards the Tongva concept of Kuuyam, or guest, as “a reimagining of human relationships to place outside of the structures of settler colonialism.” What would it mean for a settler speaker of a land acknowledgment to say, “I am a visitor, and I hope to become a proper guest”? Two empirical examples are presented: the University of California, Los Angeles, where an acknowledgment was crafted in 2018; and the University of California, San Diego, where an acknowledgment is under way in 2020. The article concludes with beyond as a potential decolonial framework for land acknowledgment that recognizes Indigenous futures.
土地确认的作用是什么?它是从哪里来的?它指向哪里?现有的文献,特别是土著学者的批评,明确地断言,定居者对土地的承认是有问题的,因为他们喜欢花言巧语而不是行动。然而,正式的书面声明可能会挑战各机构承认其参与定居者殖民主义以及对部落主权的机构责任。在这些批评的基础上,特别是梅蒂斯文化制作人切尔西·沃威尔的著作,这篇文章提供了一个框架,说明制度性的土地承认如何能够或不能支持土著关系、土地教育以及对地方和人民的问责。作者描述了相互承认的土著协议和承认土地的定居者做法之间的关键差异。这些土著人/定居者的差异阐明了土著人对承认应该实现的目标的看法。例如,Acjachemen/Tongwa学者Charles Sepulveda提出了Tongwa的Kuuyam或客人概念,将其视为“对人类关系的重新想象,置于定居者殖民主义结构之外”。对于一个土地承认的定居者发言人来说,说“我是一个访客,我希望成为一个合适的客人”意味着什么?给出了两个实证例子:加州大学洛杉矶分校,该校于2018年做出了承认;以及加州大学圣地亚哥分校,该校正在2020年进行录取。文章最后将beyond作为一个潜在的非殖民化土地承认框架,承认土著人的未来。
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引用次数: 6
Due Time 适当的时候
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8750112
D. A. Maldonado, E. Meiners
At this political moment within the university, mass incarceration and its most recognizable constituents, the prisoner and the prison, are at a predictable tipping point: the violence of inclusion. Neoliberal multiculturalism appears capacious enough to hold select representations of mass incarceration in its pursuit of new markets and deft enough to deploy this difference to whitewash other forms of institutional violence. Building from a long genealogy of scholarship and organizing that maps the coconstitutiveness of the university with our prison-industrial complex, this essay makes visible emergent lines and arrangements of power and resistance that inhibit and build abolition.
在大学内部的这个政治时刻,大规模监禁及其最知名的组成部分,囚犯和监狱,正处于一个可预测的转折点:包容的暴力。新自由主义多元文化主义在追求新市场的过程中,似乎足够宽容,可以对大规模监禁进行选择性的描述,也足够灵活,可以利用这种差异来粉饰其他形式的制度暴力。这篇文章建立在一个漫长的学术和组织谱系的基础上,映射了大学与我们监狱工业综合体的共同构成,提出了抑制和建立废除死刑的权力和抵抗的可见的涌现线和安排。
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引用次数: 3
Stained University 彩色大学
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8750124
Jaime Acosta Gonzalez, E. Meyerhoff
Duke University was founded on tobacco wealth, and now it has a tobacco-free campus. How should we understand this change? How can communities around this university, and higher education broadly, reckon with our historical and ongoing complicities with tobacco capitalism? This article examines how the individualized subject has been historically constructed, in response to resistances, through supplementary relations between the university and tobacco industries. With abolitionist university studies, the authors focus on the postslavery university as a key site for these individualizing processes. They situate Duke as a nexus of new means of capitalist accumulation, including, on the one hand, the postslavery university as an institution for disciplining, individualizing, and differentiating wage laborers and, on the other, the tobacco industry's shift to monopolization and mass consumption of tobacco commodities. The long Black freedom movement continues in the post-WWII era with resistances that push capitalism into crisis, while simultaneously, capitalism's coping mechanism of tobacco use has the unintended consequence of mass death. This article explores how, at the site of Duke, part of capitalism's response to resistance movements has been to deepen the individualization processes, charging individuals with taking on responsibility for the costs of both tobacco use and higher education. The authors ask how narratives of smoke-free and tobacco-free campuses could interlink with postracial narratives to obscure how the tobacco companies and universities have accumulated capital through racism, deception, dispossession, and exploitation.
杜克大学是建立在烟草财富上的,现在它有一个无烟的校园。我们应该如何理解这种变化?这所大学周围的社区,以及更广泛的高等教育,如何看待我们与烟草资本主义的历史和持续的共谋?这篇文章考察了个性化的主题是如何在历史上被构建的,通过大学和烟草业之间的补充关系来回应抵制。通过对废奴主义大学的研究,作者将后奴隶制大学视为这些个性化过程的关键场所。他们将杜克大学定位为资本主义积累新手段的纽带,其中一方面包括后奴隶制时代的大学,作为一种对雇佣劳动者进行纪律训练、个性化和差异化的机构,另一方面也包括烟草业向垄断和烟草商品大规模消费的转变。长期的黑人自由运动在二战后的时代继续进行,抵抗将资本主义推向危机,同时,资本主义应对烟草使用的机制产生了大规模死亡的意外后果。本文探讨了在杜克大学,资本主义对抵抗运动的部分反应是如何深化个体化进程的,要求个人承担烟草使用和高等教育的成本。作者问,无烟和无烟校园的叙事如何与后种族叙事相互联系,以掩盖烟草公司和大学如何通过种族主义、欺骗、剥夺和剥削积累资本。
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引用次数: 2
Beyond Trigger Warnings 超出触发器警告
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8680438
Christina B. Hanhardt, J. Puar, Neel Ahuja, Paul Amar, Aniruddha Dutta, Fatima El‐Tayeb, Kwame A. Holmes, S. Seikaly
This roundtable asks what queer studies might offer to an analysis of debates on campus safety. New approaches in queer studies take as their object of study not only sex and gender but also the cultural politics of liberalism; in turn, scholarship on the geopolitics of injury demonstrates the situatedness of both identity and economic forms. Brought together, these scholarly approaches provide an important lens on many of the contradictions of contemporary college campuses. Rendering classrooms and other places on campus as intrinsically embedded in global relations of militarization, securitization, dispossession, and risk management, “safe space” is elaborated in this roundtable in material, administrative, and pragmatic terms: from the conceptualization of alert systems to the racialized fears driving insurance calculations for international study programs to the struggles over academic freedom and student organizing.
这个圆桌会议询问酷儿研究可以为分析关于校园安全的辩论提供什么。酷儿研究的新方法不仅以性和性别为研究对象,而且以自由主义的文化政治为研究对象;反过来,关于伤害地缘政治的学术研究表明了身份和经济形式的情境性。这些学术方法结合在一起,为当代大学校园的许多矛盾提供了一个重要的视角。本次圆桌会议从材料、行政、,以及务实的术语:从警报系统的概念化到推动国际学习项目保险计算的种族化恐惧,再到学术自由和学生组织的斗争。
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引用次数: 1
Thinking with Trans Now 用Trans Now思考
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8680478
Aren Z. Aizura, Marquis Bey, T. Beauchamp, Treva Ellison, Jules Gill-Peterson, Eliza Steinbock
This roundtable considers trans theory’s status as a site of thinking racialization, empire, political economy, and materiality in the current historical, institutional, and political moment. We ask, what does it mean to think trans in a time of crisis?, and what is the place of critique in a crisis?, acknowledging that global crises are not insulated from trans, and trans is not insulated from the world. This roundtable looks to materialist formations to think trans now, including a new materialism premised on thinking about trans embodiment outside of trans as subject position, the materialism of objects and commodities, and a historical materialism shaped by queer of color critique.
这次圆桌会议考虑了跨性别理论在当前历史、制度和政治时刻作为思考种族化、帝国、政治经济和物质性的场所的地位。我们问,在危机时刻认为跨性别意味着什么?,在危机中,批判的位置是什么?,承认全球危机并没有与跨性别隔离,跨性别也没有与世界隔离。这次圆桌会议着眼于唯物主义的形成来思考现在的跨性别,包括一种新的唯物主义,其前提是思考跨性别之外的跨主体地位,物体和商品的唯物主义以及由有色人种批判塑造的历史唯物主义。
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引用次数: 11
Queer Theory and the Specter of Materialism 酷儿理论与唯物主义理论
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8680426
Petrus Liu
This article argues that the development of queer theory as a field has been critically shaped by a desire to dissociate the studies of gender and sexuality from material concerns. Though what is meant by “the material” varies wildly from context to context, queer critiques of materialism have produced an entrenched impression of the incommensurability between queer theory and Marxism. Tracing the varied ways in which the notion of the material has been deployed by queer critics to pose questions about the economic reductionism of Marxism, empiricism, and corporeality, this article demonstrates that the material has functioned as a kind of spectral presence in queer theorizing, an enabling form of haunting that keeps critics worrying productively about the best way to stay true to the radically anticipatory orientation of early queer theory. The specter of the material provides the epistemological foundation for canonical texts in queer theory that do not appear to be concerned with Marxism, such as those of Butler and Sedgwick; it also serves as the conceptual fulcrum for a number of “queer Marxist” projects that attempt to synthesize these two traditions. This article concludes by suggesting that, instead of viewing queer theory and Marxism as intellectually incompatible or historically successive projects, we might productively reconceptualize them as subjectless critiques commonly concerned with the problem of social structuration.
本文认为,酷儿理论作为一个领域的发展受到了一种将性别和性研究与物质问题脱钩的愿望的批判性影响。尽管“材料”的含义因上下文而异,但对唯物主义的酷儿批评已经产生了酷儿理论与马克思主义之间不可通约的根深蒂固的印象。本文追溯了酷儿评论家运用材料概念提出马克思主义经济还原论、经验主义和物质性问题的各种方式,证明材料在酷儿理论中起着一种光谱存在的作用,一种令人难忘的形式,让评论家们有效地担心如何才能真正实现早期酷儿理论的激进预期取向。材料的幽灵为酷儿理论中似乎与马克思主义无关的规范文本提供了认识论基础,例如巴特勒和塞奇威克的文本;它也是许多试图综合这两种传统的“酷儿马克思主义”项目的概念支点。本文最后提出,与其将酷儿理论和马克思主义视为智力上不相容或历史上连续的项目,我们可以有效地将其重新定义为通常与社会结构问题有关的无主体批判。
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引用次数: 8
What’s Normative Got to Do with It? 规范性和它有什么关系?
IF 3.3 Q2 CULTURAL STUDIES Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1215/01642472-8680466
Jodi A. Byrd
This article considers the queer problem of Indigenous studies that exists in the disjunctures and disconnections that emerge when queer studies, Indigenous studies, and Indigenous feminisms are brought into conversation. Reflecting on what the material and grounded body of indigeneity could mean in the context of settler colonialism, where Indigenous women and queers are disappeared into nowhere, and in light of Indigenous insistence on land as normative, where Indigenous bodies reemerge as first and foremost political orders, this article offers queer Indigenous relationality as an additive to Indigenous feminisms. What if, this article asks, queer indigeneity were centered as an analytic method that refuses normativity even as it imagines, through relationality, a possibility for the materiality of decolonization?
本文认为,当酷儿研究、土著研究和土著女权主义被引入对话时,土著研究的酷儿问题存在于脱节和脱节中。反思在定居者殖民主义的背景下,土著妇女和酷儿消失得无影无踪,土著人坚持土地是规范性的,土著人的身体重新成为首要的政治秩序,土著性的物质和基础性身体可能意味着什么,这篇文章将酷儿的土著关系作为土著女性主义的补充。这篇文章问道,如果酷儿的本土性以一种拒绝规范性的分析方法为中心,即使它通过关系性想象非殖民化的物质性的可能性,会怎么样?
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引用次数: 8
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Social Text
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