Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2213709
Susana Martínez-Rodríguez, Laura Lopez-Gomez
This study reveals that women had a significant presence as shareholders in Spanish financial corporations in the early-twentieth century. In the 1920s and 1930s, on average, 40 percent of the shareholders of Banco Hispano Americano, a leading commercial bank, were women, and they owned more than one-third of the share capital. The legal framework did not discriminate against women’s ownership, and bank regulations did not discourage women from investing in shares. The main cause of the large share of women shareholders is kinship with other shareholders. The findings also highlight the importance of inheritance regimes that treat all siblings equally, regardless of sex, to access parents’ wealth to reduce the wealth gap. Finally, the study highlights how historical cases may contribute to current debates on how women gain and retain wealth through access to financial assets. HIGHLIGHTS Historical narratives unearth the roots of contemporary financial gender inequality in an effort to narrow the gender gap. The case of the Banco Hispano Americano in Spain highlights effective strategies for promoting women’s financial inclusion. Egalitarian inheritance regimes facilitate women’s access to financial wealth. Urban areas increase women’s agency through access to financial information. Financial assets may secure women’s well-being when other support is lacking.
{"title":"Gender Differential and Financial Inclusion: Women Shareholders of Banco Hispano Americano in Spain (1922–35)","authors":"Susana Martínez-Rodríguez, Laura Lopez-Gomez","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2213709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2213709","url":null,"abstract":"This study reveals that women had a significant presence as shareholders in Spanish financial corporations in the early-twentieth century. In the 1920s and 1930s, on average, 40 percent of the shareholders of Banco Hispano Americano, a leading commercial bank, were women, and they owned more than one-third of the share capital. The legal framework did not discriminate against women’s ownership, and bank regulations did not discourage women from investing in shares. The main cause of the large share of women shareholders is kinship with other shareholders. The findings also highlight the importance of inheritance regimes that treat all siblings equally, regardless of sex, to access parents’ wealth to reduce the wealth gap. Finally, the study highlights how historical cases may contribute to current debates on how women gain and retain wealth through access to financial assets. HIGHLIGHTS Historical narratives unearth the roots of contemporary financial gender inequality in an effort to narrow the gender gap. The case of the Banco Hispano Americano in Spain highlights effective strategies for promoting women’s financial inclusion. Egalitarian inheritance regimes facilitate women’s access to financial wealth. Urban areas increase women’s agency through access to financial information. Financial assets may secure women’s well-being when other support is lacking.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"225 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45576814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2216700
Yasemin Dildar
{"title":"The Political Economy of Patriarchy in the Global South","authors":"Yasemin Dildar","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2216700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2216700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44029722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2221264
D. Elson, C. Grown
As long-time friends and collaborators with Nilüfer, we were shocked and saddened by her untimely death in December 2022. There was an outpouring of grief on social media, with many younger scholars from around the world recalling the inspiration they drew from attendance at the summer schools on Gender and Macroeconomics, brilliantly hosted by Nilüfer at the Department of Economics, University of Utah starting in 2004. Nilüfer made a lasting contribution to the development of feminist macroeconomics, which we celebrate in this reflection, drawing on our experience of working with Nilüfer to create this summer school, including the research that informed the curriculum, the network of scholars who taught at the summer school, and the funding that made it possible. The origins of the summer school can be traced back to 1992, when the three of us participated in a multidisciplinary workshop at the North– South Institute in Ottawa that, under the leadership of Isabella Bakker and Joanna Kerr, considered how macroeconomic policy could be recast so that it operated to benefit women rather than to their detriment. The workshop built on research that we and others had done on the gendered impact of structural adjustment policies. We each contributed a chapter to the pioneering book that came out of the workshop (see Bakker 1994). Shortly before the workshop, the journal World Development (1991) had published a special issue on the impacts of structural adjustment on poverty, and the World Bank Economic Review (1991) had published a similar issue modeling the effects of adjustment on developing countries. None of the articles mentioned women, which was a vast oversight, given the research in that era on the impacts of structural adjustment on women.1 On the margins of the workshop, the three of us began to dream of a project that would focus on the creation of a specifically feminist economics approach to macroeconomics that would make use of commonly employed quantitative tools such as econometrics and modeling but in new ways, taking into account gender inequality and unpaid as well as paid work. We conceived of a process to bring together feminist economists and
{"title":"Nilüfer Çagatay 1955–2022 In Memoriam","authors":"D. Elson, C. Grown","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2221264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2221264","url":null,"abstract":"As long-time friends and collaborators with Nilüfer, we were shocked and saddened by her untimely death in December 2022. There was an outpouring of grief on social media, with many younger scholars from around the world recalling the inspiration they drew from attendance at the summer schools on Gender and Macroeconomics, brilliantly hosted by Nilüfer at the Department of Economics, University of Utah starting in 2004. Nilüfer made a lasting contribution to the development of feminist macroeconomics, which we celebrate in this reflection, drawing on our experience of working with Nilüfer to create this summer school, including the research that informed the curriculum, the network of scholars who taught at the summer school, and the funding that made it possible. The origins of the summer school can be traced back to 1992, when the three of us participated in a multidisciplinary workshop at the North– South Institute in Ottawa that, under the leadership of Isabella Bakker and Joanna Kerr, considered how macroeconomic policy could be recast so that it operated to benefit women rather than to their detriment. The workshop built on research that we and others had done on the gendered impact of structural adjustment policies. We each contributed a chapter to the pioneering book that came out of the workshop (see Bakker 1994). Shortly before the workshop, the journal World Development (1991) had published a special issue on the impacts of structural adjustment on poverty, and the World Bank Economic Review (1991) had published a similar issue modeling the effects of adjustment on developing countries. None of the articles mentioned women, which was a vast oversight, given the research in that era on the impacts of structural adjustment on women.1 On the margins of the workshop, the three of us began to dream of a project that would focus on the creation of a specifically feminist economics approach to macroeconomics that would make use of commonly employed quantitative tools such as econometrics and modeling but in new ways, taking into account gender inequality and unpaid as well as paid work. We conceived of a process to bring together feminist economists and","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"3 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45893650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2221254
S. Bergeron, E. Kuiper
{"title":"Drucilla K. Barker 1949–2023 In Memoriam","authors":"S. Bergeron, E. Kuiper","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2221254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2221254","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2210586
Natascia Boeri
Home-based work is among the largest forms of employment in the informal economy in India and is overwhelmingly represented by women. Employing a social reproduction framework that reframes what is counted as labor, this article asks how women’s unpaid work activities are appropriated as labor in subcontracted home-based work. Applying this analytical framework, it becomes clear that domestic work in the home, often completed by women, is needed and exploited in this production process as a result of gendered constructs of care. The contribution considers how unpaid work is directly appropriated by capital as surplus value. The context of informal work is key here because of the irregular and fragmented production process, the space where work occurs, and the use of unpaid family workers. The goal of this research is to offer empirical evidence that broadens analytical perspectives to account for the context of informality in the Global South. HIGHLIGHTS Subcontracted home-based work in India relies on a gendered, fragmented, and precarious labor force. Unpaid caregiving and household work directly contributes to profit-making. Western analytical concepts of the economy need to be reexamined in the context of the postcolonial informal economies. Research tools that measure economic participation need to capture how unpaid activities directly or indirectly contribute to economic processes.
{"title":"Informal Work and the Appropriation of Social Reproduction in Home-Based Work in India","authors":"Natascia Boeri","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2210586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2210586","url":null,"abstract":"Home-based work is among the largest forms of employment in the informal economy in India and is overwhelmingly represented by women. Employing a social reproduction framework that reframes what is counted as labor, this article asks how women’s unpaid work activities are appropriated as labor in subcontracted home-based work. Applying this analytical framework, it becomes clear that domestic work in the home, often completed by women, is needed and exploited in this production process as a result of gendered constructs of care. The contribution considers how unpaid work is directly appropriated by capital as surplus value. The context of informal work is key here because of the irregular and fragmented production process, the space where work occurs, and the use of unpaid family workers. The goal of this research is to offer empirical evidence that broadens analytical perspectives to account for the context of informality in the Global South. HIGHLIGHTS Subcontracted home-based work in India relies on a gendered, fragmented, and precarious labor force. Unpaid caregiving and household work directly contributes to profit-making. Western analytical concepts of the economy need to be reexamined in the context of the postcolonial informal economies. Research tools that measure economic participation need to capture how unpaid activities directly or indirectly contribute to economic processes.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"130 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49045406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2179650
M. Reyes
This article analyzes whether competition with China displaced domestic manufacturing jobs in Chile using a panel of 4-digit ISIC manufacturing industries during 1995–2006. The study estimates empirical models for six job aggregates that are matched to occupational types that are either replaceable by technological change (routine) or not (non-routine). Results show that due to tougher competition with Chinese imports, jobs held by men in non-routine and routine manufacturing occupations contracted, whereas jobs held by women in routine manufacturing occupations increased. Only one type of non-routine occupation, managerial jobs, held by women contracted due to the competition with China. HIGHLIGHTS Import competition with China during 1995–2006 reduced men’s manufacturing jobs in Chile, but had mixed results for women. Men’s jobs declined in management, administrative, clerical, and custodial occupations. Women’s jobs decreased in managerial positions, but increased in low-skilled positions. Low-skilled women workers may be substituting men’s jobs like machines. A rise in women’s routine jobs does not suggest improvement in employment conditions or wages, nor in attachment to the labor force.
{"title":"Did Competing with China Affect Chilean Manufacturing Jobs? Evaluating Gender Differences in Employment During 1995–2006","authors":"M. Reyes","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2179650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2179650","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes whether competition with China displaced domestic manufacturing jobs in Chile using a panel of 4-digit ISIC manufacturing industries during 1995–2006. The study estimates empirical models for six job aggregates that are matched to occupational types that are either replaceable by technological change (routine) or not (non-routine). Results show that due to tougher competition with Chinese imports, jobs held by men in non-routine and routine manufacturing occupations contracted, whereas jobs held by women in routine manufacturing occupations increased. Only one type of non-routine occupation, managerial jobs, held by women contracted due to the competition with China. HIGHLIGHTS Import competition with China during 1995–2006 reduced men’s manufacturing jobs in Chile, but had mixed results for women. Men’s jobs declined in management, administrative, clerical, and custodial occupations. Women’s jobs decreased in managerial positions, but increased in low-skilled positions. Low-skilled women workers may be substituting men’s jobs like machines. A rise in women’s routine jobs does not suggest improvement in employment conditions or wages, nor in attachment to the labor force.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"105 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2191615
Sundus Saleemi
This article investigates the impact of men’s migration on expenditure by left-behind households on children’s education, focusing on the gendered distribution of this expenditure. Using longitudinal survey data of rural households in Pakistan, the effect of men’s migration on the share of households’ education expenditure spent on girls is estimated using the fixed-effects model (FEM). Results suggest that in households from which men migrate for periods longer than six months, the share of education expenditures spent on girls is up to 31 percent higher than that of the average household in the sample. There is no evidence of a significant impact on households’ total education expenditure due to this migration. Overall, in households where men are absent, the distribution of education expenditure tilts in favor of girls. A possible mechanism behind the increase in girls’ shares is the greater participation of women in household decisions in the absence of men. HIGHLIGHTS In Pakistan, rural households from which men have migrated have higher expenditure on girls’ schooling. Men’s outmigration plausibly expands women’s participation in household decisions. Women’s role in expenditure decisions may improve and increase investments in girls’ education. Higher participation of women in household decisions potentially reduces gender inequality.
{"title":"Does the Absence of Men from the Household Increase Girls’ Shares in Education Expenditures? Evidence from Rural Pakistan","authors":"Sundus Saleemi","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2191615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2191615","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the impact of men’s migration on expenditure by left-behind households on children’s education, focusing on the gendered distribution of this expenditure. Using longitudinal survey data of rural households in Pakistan, the effect of men’s migration on the share of households’ education expenditure spent on girls is estimated using the fixed-effects model (FEM). Results suggest that in households from which men migrate for periods longer than six months, the share of education expenditures spent on girls is up to 31 percent higher than that of the average household in the sample. There is no evidence of a significant impact on households’ total education expenditure due to this migration. Overall, in households where men are absent, the distribution of education expenditure tilts in favor of girls. A possible mechanism behind the increase in girls’ shares is the greater participation of women in household decisions in the absence of men. HIGHLIGHTS In Pakistan, rural households from which men have migrated have higher expenditure on girls’ schooling. Men’s outmigration plausibly expands women’s participation in household decisions. Women’s role in expenditure decisions may improve and increase investments in girls’ education. Higher participation of women in household decisions potentially reduces gender inequality.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"75 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42612186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2186461
Farzana Afridi, A. Dhillon, Sanchari Roy
This article studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gendered dimensions of employment and mental health among urban informal-sector workers in Delhi, India. First, the study finds that men’s employment declined by 84 percentage points during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic employment, while their monthly earnings fell by 89 percent relative to the baseline mean. In contrast, women did not experience any significant impact on employment during pandemic. Second, the study documents very high levels of pandemic-induced mental stress, with wives reporting greater stress than husbands. Third, this gendered pattern in pandemic-induced mental stress is partly explained by men’s employment losses, which affected wives more than husbands. In contrast, women staying employed during the pandemic is associated with worse mental health for them and their (unemployed) husbands. Fourth, pre-existing social networks are associated with higher mental stress for women, possibly due to the “home-based” nature of women’s networks. HIGHLIGHTS In India, men suffered larger employment losses than women during the pandemic. Women reported greater mental stress than men, although both reported high stress. Men’s employment losses affected their wives’ mental health more than their own. Having many peers is correlated with worse stress for women, but not men.
{"title":"The Gendered Crisis: Livelihoods and Well-Being in India During COVID-19","authors":"Farzana Afridi, A. Dhillon, Sanchari Roy","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2186461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2186461","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gendered dimensions of employment and mental health among urban informal-sector workers in Delhi, India. First, the study finds that men’s employment declined by 84 percentage points during the pandemic relative to pre-pandemic employment, while their monthly earnings fell by 89 percent relative to the baseline mean. In contrast, women did not experience any significant impact on employment during pandemic. Second, the study documents very high levels of pandemic-induced mental stress, with wives reporting greater stress than husbands. Third, this gendered pattern in pandemic-induced mental stress is partly explained by men’s employment losses, which affected wives more than husbands. In contrast, women staying employed during the pandemic is associated with worse mental health for them and their (unemployed) husbands. Fourth, pre-existing social networks are associated with higher mental stress for women, possibly due to the “home-based” nature of women’s networks. HIGHLIGHTS In India, men suffered larger employment losses than women during the pandemic. Women reported greater mental stress than men, although both reported high stress. Men’s employment losses affected their wives’ mental health more than their own. Having many peers is correlated with worse stress for women, but not men.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"40 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42492909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2023.2184844
Carol Cohn, C. Duncanson
ABSTRACT In the current context of unprecedented and interconnected ecological and inequalities crises, many in the Global North are hitching their hopes onto Green New Deals (GNDs). This article argues that feminist analysis is crucial for exposing the flaws in GNDs, and that different kinds of feminist questioning lead to different kinds of policy responses, with very different scales of potential transformative impact. In order to transform the structures and root causes underlying the interconnected crises, it is necessary to go beyond feminist demands for the inclusion of diverse women and for gender equality and rely more on feminism as an analytical tool: a way of asking questions that denaturalize received wisdom and that make visible the ways in which gendered meanings play a formative role in shaping the concepts and paradigms that constitute knowledge of our world. HIGHLIGHTS Intersecting global crises impel the question, “what should the goal of economic life be?” Many climate “solutions” embed the same faulty ways of thinking that caused the crisis. Clean energy for the Global North spells toxic tolls for the Global South. GNDs neglect militarism, despite its key role in driving the climate crisis. GNDs remain rooted in a mindset that separates humanity from nature and will thus fail.
{"title":"Critical Feminist Engagements with Green New Deals","authors":"Carol Cohn, C. Duncanson","doi":"10.1080/13545701.2023.2184844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2023.2184844","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the current context of unprecedented and interconnected ecological and inequalities crises, many in the Global North are hitching their hopes onto Green New Deals (GNDs). This article argues that feminist analysis is crucial for exposing the flaws in GNDs, and that different kinds of feminist questioning lead to different kinds of policy responses, with very different scales of potential transformative impact. In order to transform the structures and root causes underlying the interconnected crises, it is necessary to go beyond feminist demands for the inclusion of diverse women and for gender equality and rely more on feminism as an analytical tool: a way of asking questions that denaturalize received wisdom and that make visible the ways in which gendered meanings play a formative role in shaping the concepts and paradigms that constitute knowledge of our world. HIGHLIGHTS Intersecting global crises impel the question, “what should the goal of economic life be?” Many climate “solutions” embed the same faulty ways of thinking that caused the crisis. Clean energy for the Global North spells toxic tolls for the Global South. GNDs neglect militarism, despite its key role in driving the climate crisis. GNDs remain rooted in a mindset that separates humanity from nature and will thus fail.","PeriodicalId":47715,"journal":{"name":"Feminist Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"15 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46198618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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