Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aae-05
Gabriela Mejia
The Sustainable Development Agenda promotes the optimal execution of planning processes within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals. For this reason, urban management models and planning processes must identify the role of the stakeholders that develop the construction of the city; they are the ones who use it, enjoy it and live it. The lack of knowledge about the roles and actions of urban stakeholders prevents them from getting involved in the development of planning processes. This article presents an academic literature review that systematizes the existing information about the role of urban stakeholders in the development of the city found in scientific literature in the period from 2009 to 2022. The results show decisive lines of action for the participation of the social fabric in the development of sustainable management models. The conclusions show that urban regeneration processes have a direct impact on the social organization of the city. The article can contribute to academic discussion, particularly in Latin America, where studies about urban regeneration are not as common as in Asian and European countries.
{"title":"URBAN STAKEHOLDERS AS KEY TO MANAGE MODELS FOR URBAN REGENERATION: CONTRIBUTION FROM SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE (2009-2022)","authors":"Gabriela Mejia","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aae-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aae-05","url":null,"abstract":"The Sustainable Development Agenda promotes the optimal execution of planning processes within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals. For this reason, urban management models and planning processes must identify the role of the stakeholders that develop the construction of the city; they are the ones who use it, enjoy it and live it. The lack of knowledge about the roles and actions of urban stakeholders prevents them from getting involved in the development of planning processes. This article presents an academic literature review that systematizes the existing information about the role of urban stakeholders in the development of the city found in scientific literature in the period from 2009 to 2022. The results show decisive lines of action for the participation of the social fabric in the development of sustainable management models. The conclusions show that urban regeneration processes have a direct impact on the social organization of the city. The article can contribute to academic discussion, particularly in Latin America, where studies about urban regeneration are not as common as in Asian and European countries.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-05
Marco Flavio Galvez, Eduardo Bladimir Aguirre-Maldonado, Cristian André Balcázar-Arciniega
The canton of Zapotillo, located in the south of Ecuador, has a hot climate that has led the population to use endemic materials in the construction of their homes. These materials provide a comfortable indoor environment for the inhabitants, with earth, wood and stone being the main structural components of traditional houses. These vernacular houses represent years of empirical research and testing by local builders who have developed unique construction techniques. However, these houses have been overshadowed by new architectural typologies that use modern materials and construction systems with lower thermal performance. In the current landscape of Zapotillo, remains of the first settlements in the area can be found, blending into the overall landscape with contemporary constructions. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the bioclimatic performance of vernacular houses in the canton, focusing on the technical and constructional study of selected cases, seeking to identify parameters that contribute to indoor comfort in relation to local climatic conditions. The research visualizes the energy characteristics of vernacular housing, highlighting the solar protection provided by the use of portals and terraces, as well as the comfort of the raw earth construction system to mitigate the effects of high temperatures during periods of extreme heat. The energy analysis programs Revit Insight, Rhinoceros, Grasshopper and Lady Bug tools are used to measure these variables, with the ultimate aim of rescuing vernacular values and adapting them to new projects, thereby revaluing the concept of traditional Zapotillo housing.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY ON THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF VERNACULAR HOUSING","authors":"Marco Flavio Galvez, Eduardo Bladimir Aguirre-Maldonado, Cristian André Balcázar-Arciniega","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-05","url":null,"abstract":"The canton of Zapotillo, located in the south of Ecuador, has a hot climate that has led the population to use endemic materials in the construction of their homes. These materials provide a comfortable indoor environment for the inhabitants, with earth, wood and stone being the main structural components of traditional houses. These vernacular houses represent years of empirical research and testing by local builders who have developed unique construction techniques. However, these houses have been overshadowed by new architectural typologies that use modern materials and construction systems with lower thermal performance. In the current landscape of Zapotillo, remains of the first settlements in the area can be found, blending into the overall landscape with contemporary constructions. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the bioclimatic performance of vernacular houses in the canton, focusing on the technical and constructional study of selected cases, seeking to identify parameters that contribute to indoor comfort in relation to local climatic conditions. The research visualizes the energy characteristics of vernacular housing, highlighting the solar protection provided by the use of portals and terraces, as well as the comfort of the raw earth construction system to mitigate the effects of high temperatures during periods of extreme heat. The energy analysis programs Revit Insight, Rhinoceros, Grasshopper and Lady Bug tools are used to measure these variables, with the ultimate aim of rescuing vernacular values and adapting them to new projects, thereby revaluing the concept of traditional Zapotillo housing.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-02
Fabían Patricio Díaz, Josué Daniel Ortega
Simón Bolívar Avenue, located in the city of Quito-Ecuador, has been identified as an area with a high rate of traffic accidents. To establish the main causes of traffic accidents, this study investigated a specific 15.4 km stretch extending from Guajaló to the Ruta Viva interchange on Simón Bolívar Avenue. The aim of the research is to analyze factors involved in traffic accidents and propose actions to mitigate them. To carry out the aim, data obtained from the Visor de Siniestralidad Nacional of the Agencia Nacional de Tránsito (ANT) on accidents occurring between 2019 and 2023 were compiled. These data made it possible to identify the most common causes of traffic accidents in this particular area. Upon knowing the reasons for these incidents, it was possible to determine the reasons that significantly influence traffic accidents on the avenue. Besides, an analysis was made of the critical points where most traffic accidents are concentrated. These critical points provided valuable information to generate and make proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety. The implementation of these proposals and improvements can in turn contribute to reduce the accident rate and increase safety on the road section studied. Therefore, these findings will serve as a starting point to generate proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety on Simón Bolívar Avenue and thus fulfill the aim of understanding the main causes of traffic accidents in order to mitigate the incidence of accidents in the area studied. Therefore, these findings will serve as a starting point to generate proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety on Simón Bolívar Avenue and thus fulfill the aim of understanding the main causes of traffic accidents in order to mitigate the incidence of accidents in the area studied.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS ON SIMÓN BOLÍVAR AVENUE","authors":"Fabían Patricio Díaz, Josué Daniel Ortega","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-02","url":null,"abstract":"Simón Bolívar Avenue, located in the city of Quito-Ecuador, has been identified as an area with a high rate of traffic accidents. To establish the main causes of traffic accidents, this study investigated a specific 15.4 km stretch extending from Guajaló to the Ruta Viva interchange on Simón Bolívar Avenue. The aim of the research is to analyze factors involved in traffic accidents and propose actions to mitigate them. To carry out the aim, data obtained from the Visor de Siniestralidad Nacional of the Agencia Nacional de Tránsito (ANT) on accidents occurring between 2019 and 2023 were compiled. These data made it possible to identify the most common causes of traffic accidents in this particular area. Upon knowing the reasons for these incidents, it was possible to determine the reasons that significantly influence traffic accidents on the avenue. Besides, an analysis was made of the critical points where most traffic accidents are concentrated. These critical points provided valuable information to generate and make proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety. The implementation of these proposals and improvements can in turn contribute to reduce the accident rate and increase safety on the road section studied. Therefore, these findings will serve as a starting point to generate proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety on Simón Bolívar Avenue and thus fulfill the aim of understanding the main causes of traffic accidents in order to mitigate the incidence of accidents in the area studied. Therefore, these findings will serve as a starting point to generate proposals to reduce the accident rate and improve road safety on Simón Bolívar Avenue and thus fulfill the aim of understanding the main causes of traffic accidents in order to mitigate the incidence of accidents in the area studied.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"365 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140281079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).gfe-04
Ana Beatriz Cando, Oscar Jaramillo, W. Cando, C. Cando
This research reports on the study, analysis, and results of a new methodology for obtaining the geotechnical characterization of soils in the Tumbaco Valley. The methodology is based on obtaining correlations from in situ tests and geotechnical parameters characteristic of the soil in the Tumbaco Valley, Quito-Ecuador. Several soil samples were taken at depths ranging from 1m to 15m to determine the bearing capacity using standard penetration tests such as NSPT and N60SPT, as well as performing laboratory tests for grain size distribution, moisture content, and specific weight. A reproducible and reliable methodology for soil mechanics parameters consistent with the dynamic behavior of its morphology was obtained. However, if enough soil samples are not obtained to determine the bearing capacity through this method, an alternative approach will be conducted, aiming to achieve the same reliability and arrive at the same response through correlation. We can observe the same result through this alternative approach.
{"title":"GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS THROUGH IN-SITU TEST CORRELATIONS AND GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS","authors":"Ana Beatriz Cando, Oscar Jaramillo, W. Cando, C. Cando","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).gfe-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).gfe-04","url":null,"abstract":"This research reports on the study, analysis, and results of a new methodology for obtaining the geotechnical characterization of soils in the Tumbaco Valley. The methodology is based on obtaining correlations from in situ tests and geotechnical parameters characteristic of the soil in the Tumbaco Valley, Quito-Ecuador. Several soil samples were taken at depths ranging from 1m to 15m to determine the bearing capacity using standard penetration tests such as NSPT and N60SPT, as well as performing laboratory tests for grain size distribution, moisture content, and specific weight. A reproducible and reliable methodology for soil mechanics parameters consistent with the dynamic behavior of its morphology was obtained. However, if enough soil samples are not obtained to determine the bearing capacity through this method, an alternative approach will be conducted, aiming to achieve the same reliability and arrive at the same response through correlation. We can observe the same result through this alternative approach.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-03
Jorge I. Fajardo, Xavier Guerrero, César A. Paltán
A correlational study between the composition of masonry blocks with recycled rubber aggregates and the profitability of their production line was carried out. Masonry blocks were designed and manufactured with different contents of rubber aggregates from end-of-life tires. We started from a factorial design of experiments with response surface L4 (22). The factors considered were aggregate granulometry, water/cement ratio and rubber content. The outputs of the experiment were the ultimate compressive strength and the profitability of the production line (IRR/NPV). A model was defined that correlates the input factors with the defined responses. Through an ANOVA, the significant factors on the profitability of the production line in different production scenarios were determined. It was found that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the amount of rubber aggregate and the compressive strength. The maximum aggregate content that allows meeting the resistance requirements of the NTE INEN 3066 standard was 10% (p/p). On the other hand, from the economic-financial analysis it is concluded that the maximum economically profitable rubber content is 5% (p/p). These results make it possible to define the limits of profitability of a production line of masonry blocks that comply with current regulations.
对使用再生橡胶骨料的砌块的成分与其生产线的盈利能力之间的相关性进行了研究。砌块的设计和生产采用了不同含量的报废轮胎橡胶骨料。我们从响应面 L4 的因子实验设计开始（22）。考虑的因素包括骨料粒度、水灰比和橡胶含量。实验结果是极限抗压强度和生产线的盈利能力（IRR/NPV）。实验建立了一个模型，将输入因素与定义的反应相关联。通过方差分析，确定了不同生产情况下影响生产线盈利能力的重要因素。研究发现，橡胶骨料的用量与抗压强度之间存在反比关系。能够满足 NTE INEN 3066 标准抗性要求的最大骨料含量为 10%（p/p）。另一方面，经济财务分析得出的结论是，经济上有利可图的最大橡胶含量为 5%（p/p）。这些结果可以确定符合现行法规的砌块生产线的盈利极限。
{"title":"CORRELATION BETWEEN COMPOSITION OF MASONRY BLOCKS USING RECYCLED RUBBER AGGREGATES AND PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCTION LINE","authors":"Jorge I. Fajardo, Xavier Guerrero, César A. Paltán","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-03","url":null,"abstract":"A correlational study between the composition of masonry blocks with recycled rubber aggregates and the profitability of their production line was carried out. Masonry blocks were designed and manufactured with different contents of rubber aggregates from end-of-life tires. We started from a factorial design of experiments with response surface L4 (22). The factors considered were aggregate granulometry, water/cement ratio and rubber content. The outputs of the experiment were the ultimate compressive strength and the profitability of the production line (IRR/NPV). A model was defined that correlates the input factors with the defined responses. Through an ANOVA, the significant factors on the profitability of the production line in different production scenarios were determined. It was found that there is an inversely proportional relationship between the amount of rubber aggregate and the compressive strength. The maximum aggregate content that allows meeting the resistance requirements of the NTE INEN 3066 standard was 10% (p/p). On the other hand, from the economic-financial analysis it is concluded that the maximum economically profitable rubber content is 5% (p/p). These results make it possible to define the limits of profitability of a production line of masonry blocks that comply with current regulations.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"39 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-06
Jorge Javier Andrade Benitez, Gabriela Naranjo Serrano, Lorena Valdivia, Sandra Iturriaga, Rubén Jódar, Jan Blieske, Franziska Wollscheid
This working paper explores experiential learning and teaching experiences that aim to create socially responsible architects and buildings who prioritize sustainability and innovation and offer some questions for further research. The ideas presented in this work are the evaluation of a cross-cultural Design-Build studio established in 2022 by design units from universities in Ecuador, Chile, and Germany to reflect on various aspects of architectural design, civil engineering, management, and other aspects of sustainable construction that are often overlooked in traditional teaching programs. The Design-Build methodology, explores such potential linkages: 1-Interactive and dynamic learning environment allow to establish the design of an architectural project through a cooperative process, 2-The application through scientific inquiry and critical thinking of local construction techniques in international projects update the methods to comply with current building codes, and 3-Active involvement of the team planning in the construction of the building, allow to test and establish sustainable constructions methods that are suitable for informal self-build and can be reproduced by the local population. Over one hundred participants contributed to the completion of the building. A questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the academic experience. Most respondents reported an increase in their academic and practical knowledge in construction, as well as in architectural skills, self-confidence and personal skills.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LAB PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION AS AN INTERNATIONAL DESIGN-BUILD STUDIO: TEACHING AND LEARNING EXPERIENCE","authors":"Jorge Javier Andrade Benitez, Gabriela Naranjo Serrano, Lorena Valdivia, Sandra Iturriaga, Rubén Jódar, Jan Blieske, Franziska Wollscheid","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-06","url":null,"abstract":"This working paper explores experiential learning and teaching experiences that aim to create socially responsible architects and buildings who prioritize sustainability and innovation and offer some questions for further research. The ideas presented in this work are the evaluation of a cross-cultural Design-Build studio established in 2022 by design units from universities in Ecuador, Chile, and Germany to reflect on various aspects of architectural design, civil engineering, management, and other aspects of sustainable construction that are often overlooked in traditional teaching programs. The Design-Build methodology, explores such potential linkages: 1-Interactive and dynamic learning environment allow to establish the design of an architectural project through a cooperative process, 2-The application through scientific inquiry and critical thinking of local construction techniques in international projects update the methods to comply with current building codes, and 3-Active involvement of the team planning in the construction of the building, allow to test and establish sustainable constructions methods that are suitable for informal self-build and can be reproduced by the local population. Over one hundred participants contributed to the completion of the building. A questionnaire was conducted to evaluate the academic experience. Most respondents reported an increase in their academic and practical knowledge in construction, as well as in architectural skills, self-confidence and personal skills.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"41 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-01
Eisuke Kita, Yoshmune Sakakura
A vehicle platoon is the method of the group of vehicles traveling in short inter-vehicle distance. It can increase the traffic capacity in keeping the traffic safety. Since, in the platoon of vehicles, the vehicles travel in short inter-vehicle distance, the traffic safety depends on the vehicle distance. In this paper, the vehicle velocity is controlled according to the car-following models. The vehicles travelling at the rear of the platoon refer to their frontal vehicles for controlling their velocity. The stability analysis of the models leads the adequate range of the model parameters in which vehicles can control the vehicle distance safely without crush to the preceding vehicle. The stability analysis reveals that the stable region of the parameters becomes wider according to the increase of the number of the frontal vehicles. Finally, the simulation results show that the stability analysis can give the adequate value of the model parameter.
{"title":"STABILITY ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE BEHAVIOR IN A LONG PLATOON","authors":"Eisuke Kita, Yoshmune Sakakura","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-01","url":null,"abstract":"A vehicle platoon is the method of the group of vehicles traveling in short inter-vehicle distance. It can increase the traffic capacity in keeping the traffic safety. Since, in the platoon of vehicles, the vehicles travel in short inter-vehicle distance, the traffic safety depends on the vehicle distance. In this paper, the vehicle velocity is controlled according to the car-following models. The vehicles travelling at the rear of the platoon refer to their frontal vehicles for controlling their velocity. The stability analysis of the models leads the adequate range of the model parameters in which vehicles can control the vehicle distance safely without crush to the preceding vehicle. The stability analysis reveals that the stable region of the parameters becomes wider according to the increase of the number of the frontal vehicles. Finally, the simulation results show that the stability analysis can give the adequate value of the model parameter.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"478 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-06
Ana Paulina Ortiz Viñán, Carlos Javier Vásquez Monteros, Carlos Alberto Escudero Villavicencio
The Municipality of Loja used asphalt mixtures with stone materials for local roads. This research focuses on analyzing the mechanical properties of these mixtures when part of the fine aggregates was replaced with reused and crushed PET plastic waste. The aim was to determine if the substitution of PET improved the physical-mechanical properties of the analyzed mixtures applying Marshall tests. The process consisted of carrying out an asphalt design following the specifications of the local Standard for Road Design Studies of Ecuador, replacing part of the fine aggregates with approximately 3mm plastic, in percentages of 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%. The samples were analyzed using the Marshall method, including base sample with 0% substitution and the samples prepared with PET substitution. The results indicated that the substitution of up to 3% of fine aggregate with crushed PET meet the requirements in terms of the physical-mechanical properties of the mixture. Specifically, an improvement in the stability and flow of the mixture were observed, along with good stiffness and compaction without cracking. In conclusion, the substitution of plastic in asphalt mixtures can be a viable production alternative to improve the mechanical properties of the mixtures, and could contribute to reduce plastic waste, thus reducing the carbon footprint.
洛哈市政府在当地道路上使用石料沥青混合料。这项研究的重点是分析当部分细集料被重复使用和粉碎的 PET 塑料废料替代时，这些混合物的机械性能。目的是通过马歇尔试验确定 PET 的替代是否改善了所分析混合物的物理机械性能。这一过程包括按照厄瓜多尔地方道路设计研究标准的规范进行沥青设计，用约 3 毫米的塑料替代部分细骨料，比例分别为 1%、3%、5% 和 10%。使用马歇尔方法对样品进行了分析，包括 0% 替代的基础样品和使用 PET 替代制备的样品。结果表明，在混合料的物理机械性能方面，用碎 PET 替代最多 3% 的细集料可以满足要求。具体来说，混合物的稳定性和流动性都得到了改善，同时还具有良好的刚度和压实性，不会出现开裂现象。总之，在沥青混合料中使用塑料替代品是一种可行的生产替代方法，可改善混合料的机械性能，并有助于减少塑料废物，从而减少碳足迹。
{"title":"REDUCING PLASTIC WASTE: A MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC SUBSTITUTION IN URBAN ROAD CONSTRUCTION","authors":"Ana Paulina Ortiz Viñán, Carlos Javier Vásquez Monteros, Carlos Alberto Escudero Villavicencio","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-06","url":null,"abstract":"The Municipality of Loja used asphalt mixtures with stone materials for local roads. This research focuses on analyzing the mechanical properties of these mixtures when part of the fine aggregates was replaced with reused and crushed PET plastic waste. The aim was to determine if the substitution of PET improved the physical-mechanical properties of the analyzed mixtures applying Marshall tests. The process consisted of carrying out an asphalt design following the specifications of the local Standard for Road Design Studies of Ecuador, replacing part of the fine aggregates with approximately 3mm plastic, in percentages of 1%, 3%, 5% and 10%. The samples were analyzed using the Marshall method, including base sample with 0% substitution and the samples prepared with PET substitution. The results indicated that the substitution of up to 3% of fine aggregate with crushed PET meet the requirements in terms of the physical-mechanical properties of the mixture. Specifically, an improvement in the stability and flow of the mixture were observed, along with good stiffness and compaction without cracking. In conclusion, the substitution of plastic in asphalt mixtures can be a viable production alternative to improve the mechanical properties of the mixtures, and could contribute to reduce plastic waste, thus reducing the carbon footprint.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"41 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cpm-07
Juan Enrique Merizalde, Paula Andrea Bermeo, Juan Carlos Osorio, Fernando Francisco Castro, Mauricio Bolívar Cely
Much of the success of an engineering project depends on good planning. Most engineers use an S curve to estimate the relationship between the execution time variables and the financial resources available for construction. Mathematically speaking, the functions that can be used for said estimation are those that pass through the origin of the Cartesian plane, given that at the initial time of the project the cost used is zero, they are also increasing and upon reaching the estimated execution time it is expected to have used the total amount assigned for the work. This investigation began in 2019 where the forms of several executed water supply systems were taken and with this data, the planning curve was modeled with a logistic equation adjusted with least squares and validated with new projects to analyze its effectiveness. Now in 2023, data from new projects is added and a new model was made based on the Gompertz curve that has a graph similar to the logistic curve, but with the difference that the curvature at the beginning and end of the time interval it is not always the same, as is the case with the logistic equation model, and it is expected that this characteristic will improve the approximation to the real execution curve of the project. It is concluded that the Gompertz model is indeed better than the logistic equation model for this type of approach and a tool is presented that is used for decision making.
{"title":"LOGISTICS MODEL VS GOMPERTZ MODEL IN APPROXIMATION OF “S” CURVES IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS PROJECTS","authors":"Juan Enrique Merizalde, Paula Andrea Bermeo, Juan Carlos Osorio, Fernando Francisco Castro, Mauricio Bolívar Cely","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cpm-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cpm-07","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the success of an engineering project depends on good planning. Most engineers use an S curve to estimate the relationship between the execution time variables and the financial resources available for construction. Mathematically speaking, the functions that can be used for said estimation are those that pass through the origin of the Cartesian plane, given that at the initial time of the project the cost used is zero, they are also increasing and upon reaching the estimated execution time it is expected to have used the total amount assigned for the work. This investigation began in 2019 where the forms of several executed water supply systems were taken and with this data, the planning curve was modeled with a logistic equation adjusted with least squares and validated with new projects to analyze its effectiveness. Now in 2023, data from new projects is added and a new model was made based on the Gompertz curve that has a graph similar to the logistic curve, but with the difference that the curvature at the beginning and end of the time interval it is not always the same, as is the case with the logistic equation model, and it is expected that this characteristic will improve the approximation to the real execution curve of the project. It is concluded that the Gompertz model is indeed better than the logistic equation model for this type of approach and a tool is presented that is used for decision making.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-01
Giammarco Montalbano, Giovanni Santi, Najem Kholoud
The building and construction sector is one of the most harmful industries to the environment, responsible for producing high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy consumption, and waste. Rammed earth, a traditional building technology is deemed as a promising solution to tackle these challenges. In addition, the low level of skill required for rammed earth buildings paves the way for self-built activities. This paper presents the preliminary findings of an ongoing research study focused on the rammed earth construction technique. The primary objective is to assess its sustainability and circularity within the context of Europe and the Mediterranean. The methodology employed is based on an analysis of rammed earth techniques and a review of relevant regulations related to the selected context. The analysis includes case studies of contemporary European rammed earth buildings. They aim to illustrate possible design strategies that incorporate rammed earth alongside well-established construction technologies. These case studies also shed light on how the integration of various construction technologies introduces circularity variables into buildings, thereby influencing their overall sustainability. These variables are contingent upon the techniques, technologies, and performance characteristics of the selected building elements. As a result of this analysis, the paper initiates a discussion on the role that rammed earth constructions can play in the development of sustainable hybrid buildings.
{"title":"RAMMED EARTH CONSTRUCTION: A CIRCULAR SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDING","authors":"Giammarco Montalbano, Giovanni Santi, Najem Kholoud ","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-01","url":null,"abstract":"The building and construction sector is one of the most harmful industries to the environment, responsible for producing high levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy consumption, and waste. Rammed earth, a traditional building technology is deemed as a promising solution to tackle these challenges. In addition, the low level of skill required for rammed earth buildings paves the way for self-built activities. This paper presents the preliminary findings of an ongoing research study focused on the rammed earth construction technique. The primary objective is to assess its sustainability and circularity within the context of Europe and the Mediterranean. The methodology employed is based on an analysis of rammed earth techniques and a review of relevant regulations related to the selected context. The analysis includes case studies of contemporary European rammed earth buildings. They aim to illustrate possible design strategies that incorporate rammed earth alongside well-established construction technologies. These case studies also shed light on how the integration of various construction technologies introduces circularity variables into buildings, thereby influencing their overall sustainability. These variables are contingent upon the techniques, technologies, and performance characteristics of the selected building elements. As a result of this analysis, the paper initiates a discussion on the role that rammed earth constructions can play in the development of sustainable hybrid buildings.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"168 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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