Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-04
Josue Antonio Dieppa Ortiz, Carla Lopez del Puerto, Genesis Paulette Acevedo Guzman, Eiden Ojani Garcia Torres, Humberto Eduardo Cavallin Calanche, Daniel Rodriguez Roman, Fabio Andrade Rengifo
After a decade-long economic crisis and a series of major natural disasters, rural communities in Puerto Rico are grappling with significant gaps in vital services such as shelter, energy, water, and mobility. This particularly affects low-income elderly residents who rely on these services for an improved quality of life. A prime example of this situation is Corcovada, a rural community in the countryside of Puerto Rico which faces isolation and has a sizeable aging population. Its residents rely on themselves, their relatives, and other community members to provide transportation, as well as basic services like electricity for sustenance and medication maintenance. A site assessment was conducted, including solar irradiation, soil conditions, weather, and seismicity. This research presents an interdisciplinary design solution for modular emergency shelters for families in Corcovada, incorporating structural, solar energy, water use, and wind simulations. The emergency shelter module was designed with specific objectives and requirements: short-term accommodation for a family of four, expandability and collapsibility as needed, off-grid operation for water and energy during emergencies, and sustainability, resilience, affordability, and ease of assembly. Future endeavors involve the development of a mobility hub to reduce residents' reliance on private transportation.
{"title":"EMERGENCY SHELTER AND CONNECTIVITY FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES AFTER NATURAL DISASTERS: A CASE STUDY","authors":"Josue Antonio Dieppa Ortiz, Carla Lopez del Puerto, Genesis Paulette Acevedo Guzman, Eiden Ojani Garcia Torres, Humberto Eduardo Cavallin Calanche, Daniel Rodriguez Roman, Fabio Andrade Rengifo","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-04","url":null,"abstract":"After a decade-long economic crisis and a series of major natural disasters, rural communities in Puerto Rico are grappling with significant gaps in vital services such as shelter, energy, water, and mobility. This particularly affects low-income elderly residents who rely on these services for an improved quality of life. A prime example of this situation is Corcovada, a rural community in the countryside of Puerto Rico which faces isolation and has a sizeable aging population. Its residents rely on themselves, their relatives, and other community members to provide transportation, as well as basic services like electricity for sustenance and medication maintenance. A site assessment was conducted, including solar irradiation, soil conditions, weather, and seismicity. This research presents an interdisciplinary design solution for modular emergency shelters for families in Corcovada, incorporating structural, solar energy, water use, and wind simulations. The emergency shelter module was designed with specific objectives and requirements: short-term accommodation for a family of four, expandability and collapsibility as needed, off-grid operation for water and energy during emergencies, and sustainability, resilience, affordability, and ease of assembly. Future endeavors involve the development of a mobility hub to reduce residents' reliance on private transportation.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"1122 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-02
Eva O. L. Lantsoght, Josue Batallas, Nicolas Hidalgo, Mateo Montenegro, Lourdes Orejuela, Francisco Játiva
To meet the sustainable development goals, novel concrete mixes are necessary. Natural fibers are becoming an interesting new element for concrete mixes, because these fibers are biomaterials recovered from residual biomass and fit in the concept of the circular bioeconomy. In this paper, we catalog research insights on concrete mixes with natural fibers, and pay special attention to natural fibers that are available in the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador, to use local bio-based materials. We focus on examining information from the literature on how natural fibers influence the mechanical properties of concrete, namely the tensile, compressive, and flexural strength. Based on this analysis, we have developed recommendations on which natural fibers are of interest for further experimental research, with the aim to develop sustainable concrete mixes for Quito. Moreover, this paper gives insights in how natural fibers influence the mechanical properties of concrete and proposes a framework that translates to other regions and cities for the selection of local and adequate natural fibers.
{"title":"NATURAL FIBERS FOR SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE MIXES","authors":"Eva O. L. Lantsoght, Josue Batallas, Nicolas Hidalgo, Mateo Montenegro, Lourdes Orejuela, Francisco Játiva","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-02","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the sustainable development goals, novel concrete mixes are necessary. Natural fibers are becoming an interesting new element for concrete mixes, because these fibers are biomaterials recovered from residual biomass and fit in the concept of the circular bioeconomy. In this paper, we catalog research insights on concrete mixes with natural fibers, and pay special attention to natural fibers that are available in the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador, to use local bio-based materials. We focus on examining information from the literature on how natural fibers influence the mechanical properties of concrete, namely the tensile, compressive, and flexural strength. Based on this analysis, we have developed recommendations on which natural fibers are of interest for further experimental research, with the aim to develop sustainable concrete mixes for Quito. Moreover, this paper gives insights in how natural fibers influence the mechanical properties of concrete and proposes a framework that translates to other regions and cities for the selection of local and adequate natural fibers.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"97 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-09
Diego Hernan Hidalgo, Henry Francisco Dávalos, Deisy Paulina Llamuca
This article describes the main findings obtained when implementing recycled glass powder as an ingredient in the production of artisanal bricks in the Chambo canton, with the aim of improving their mechanical properties. The characterization of the brick's raw material (soil and ash) was carried out, followed by the fabrication of bricks with the addition of glass powder (PV), using the artisanal procedure with only the modification of adding glass powder to the mixture. The results indicate that the soil used as the main raw material is classified, according to the SUCS methodology, as a well-graded sand with silt (SW-SM). Modified bricks with glass powder show up to 240% compressive strength and 220% flexural strength capability compared to traditional bricks when using 8% to 12% glass powder dosage in the mixture. Additionally, both traditional and modified bricks exhibit a water absorption percentage between 25% and 26%. The procedures, as well as the interpretation and contrast of the results, are based on the guidelines established by the Ecuadorian Institute of Standardization (INEN).
{"title":"COMPRESSIVE AND BENDING STRENGTH OF CHAMBO ARTISANAL BRICKS WITH ADDITION OF RECYCLED GLASS POWDER","authors":"Diego Hernan Hidalgo, Henry Francisco Dávalos, Deisy Paulina Llamuca","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-09","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the main findings obtained when implementing recycled glass powder as an ingredient in the production of artisanal bricks in the Chambo canton, with the aim of improving their mechanical properties. The characterization of the brick's raw material (soil and ash) was carried out, followed by the fabrication of bricks with the addition of glass powder (PV), using the artisanal procedure with only the modification of adding glass powder to the mixture. The results indicate that the soil used as the main raw material is classified, according to the SUCS methodology, as a well-graded sand with silt (SW-SM). Modified bricks with glass powder show up to 240% compressive strength and 220% flexural strength capability compared to traditional bricks when using 8% to 12% glass powder dosage in the mixture. Additionally, both traditional and modified bricks exhibit a water absorption percentage between 25% and 26%. The procedures, as well as the interpretation and contrast of the results, are based on the guidelines established by the Ecuadorian Institute of Standardization (INEN).","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).rad-02
Jorge Alexander BUCHELI GARCIA, Nicolas Hurtado, Oscar Jaramillo, W. Cando, Ricardo Valentino Albuja Endara
This study aims to establish a comprehensive management of mechanical risks that may arise during the construction of infrastructure projects, specifically focusing on the process involved in urban road repaving. The case study selected is the "Repaving of General Rumiñahui Avenue between San Luis Avenue and Santa Clara Street, Quito, Ecuador". The objective is to mitigate various types of work-related accidents resulting from civil construction interventions. Mechanical risks are a significant concern in the construction industry, particularly in activities involving heavy machinery and specialized equipment. Like many other countries, Ecuador has construction-related labor regulations in place. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to identify, assess, and propose a system for controlling mechanical risks in the construction of repaving infrastructure projects to improve working conditions. The assessments of mechanical risks in urban repaving infrastructure projects will be analyzed using the "Colombian Technical Guide GTC 45" methodology. This quantitative and analytical approach applies current regulatory methods to define risk levels. The study will conclude by determining appropriate measures for labor control and the respective management of machinery and tools. These measures encompass preventive actions such as the use of personal protective equipment, appropriate signage, engineering controls, and worker training. Keywords: risk level, hazards, work accidents, sewerage, drinking water
{"title":"IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT, AND PROPOSAL OF MECHANICAL RISK CONTROLS IN URBAN ROAD REPAVING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS","authors":"Jorge Alexander BUCHELI GARCIA, Nicolas Hurtado, Oscar Jaramillo, W. Cando, Ricardo Valentino Albuja Endara","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).rad-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).rad-02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to establish a comprehensive management of mechanical risks that may arise during the construction of infrastructure projects, specifically focusing on the process involved in urban road repaving. The case study selected is the \"Repaving of General Rumiñahui Avenue between San Luis Avenue and Santa Clara Street, Quito, Ecuador\". The objective is to mitigate various types of work-related accidents resulting from civil construction interventions. Mechanical risks are a significant concern in the construction industry, particularly in activities involving heavy machinery and specialized equipment. Like many other countries, Ecuador has construction-related labor regulations in place. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to identify, assess, and propose a system for controlling mechanical risks in the construction of repaving infrastructure projects to improve working conditions. The assessments of mechanical risks in urban repaving infrastructure projects will be analyzed using the \"Colombian Technical Guide GTC 45\" methodology. This quantitative and analytical approach applies current regulatory methods to define risk levels. The study will conclude by determining appropriate measures for labor control and the respective management of machinery and tools. These measures encompass preventive actions such as the use of personal protective equipment, appropriate signage, engineering controls, and worker training. Keywords: risk level, hazards, work accidents, sewerage, drinking water","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"100 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).str-10
A. M. D. de Sousa, Eva O. L. Lantsoght, M. E. El Debs
Bridge deck slabs are members on which one-way reinforced concrete slabs are found frequently loaded by concentrated loads. Although the one-way shear failure mechanism has gathered more attention in the past years, both one-way shear and two-way shear mechanisms may be critical for such loading conditions. This paper addressed the ultimate capacity of thin one-way reinforced concrete slabs subjected to concentrated loads and yielding of the flexural reinforcement. In practice, the test setup studied was devised to represent short-span rural bridges frequently found in Brazil. The experimental program included 12 tests performed on 6 slabs applying the concentrated loads at varied positions. All tests started to fail by punching shear. Nevertheless, both one-way shear and punching shear cracks were observed at ultimate states after shear redistribution. The reinforcement yielding followed by excessive flexural cracking hampered the arching action activation for loads closer to the support. The comparison of experimental and calculated resistances using standard code-based expressions suggests that improvements in unitary shear capacity could be supported as a result of slabs' transverse load distribution capacity. Alternatively, increasing the effective shear width can help estimate one-way shear capacity for loads near to the support.
{"title":"ONE-WAY SLABS IN TRANSITION BETWEEN ONE-WAY SHEAR AND PUNCHING: EXPERIMENTS AND RECENT INSIGHTS FOR EVALUATION","authors":"A. M. D. de Sousa, Eva O. L. Lantsoght, M. E. El Debs","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).str-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).str-10","url":null,"abstract":"Bridge deck slabs are members on which one-way reinforced concrete slabs are found frequently loaded by concentrated loads. Although the one-way shear failure mechanism has gathered more attention in the past years, both one-way shear and two-way shear mechanisms may be critical for such loading conditions. This paper addressed the ultimate capacity of thin one-way reinforced concrete slabs subjected to concentrated loads and yielding of the flexural reinforcement. In practice, the test setup studied was devised to represent short-span rural bridges frequently found in Brazil. The experimental program included 12 tests performed on 6 slabs applying the concentrated loads at varied positions. All tests started to fail by punching shear. Nevertheless, both one-way shear and punching shear cracks were observed at ultimate states after shear redistribution. The reinforcement yielding followed by excessive flexural cracking hampered the arching action activation for loads closer to the support. The comparison of experimental and calculated resistances using standard code-based expressions suggests that improvements in unitary shear capacity could be supported as a result of slabs' transverse load distribution capacity. Alternatively, increasing the effective shear width can help estimate one-way shear capacity for loads near to the support.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aae-11
María Elizabeth Maldonado Marchán, Karina Alexandra Chérrez Rodas
This article presents the results of research focused on the design of core housing as a product, process, and continuous transformation system, achieved through a unified space, as a recurring solution since the origins of humankind and an alternative for small spaces. The proposal for affordable housing in Cuenca for low-income populations is based on an approach that involves not only the housing solution but also the relationship with people's ways of living, bioclimatic criteria, and the study of a sustainable construction system. Qualitative research methodologies and transdisciplinary workshops were used to create spaces for discussion and verification with the participation of various stakeholders. Therefore, the research work integrated people's ways of living, the use of local materials, and indoor comfort conditions. After tabulating the gathered data, the design of the core housing was carried out, enabling the design to accommodate the ways people live, rather than the other way around. Ultimately, enabling appropriation according to specific needs of diverse family compositions, in addition to a sustainable construction system as an ecological and economical solution.
{"title":"SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE APPLIED TO THE DESIGN OF THE HOUSING CORE","authors":"María Elizabeth Maldonado Marchán, Karina Alexandra Chérrez Rodas","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aae-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aae-11","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of research focused on the design of core housing as a product, process, and continuous transformation system, achieved through a unified space, as a recurring solution since the origins of humankind and an alternative for small spaces. The proposal for affordable housing in Cuenca for low-income populations is based on an approach that involves not only the housing solution but also the relationship with people's ways of living, bioclimatic criteria, and the study of a sustainable construction system. Qualitative research methodologies and transdisciplinary workshops were used to create spaces for discussion and verification with the participation of various stakeholders. Therefore, the research work integrated people's ways of living, the use of local materials, and indoor comfort conditions. After tabulating the gathered data, the design of the core housing was carried out, enabling the design to accommodate the ways people live, rather than the other way around. Ultimately, enabling appropriation according to specific needs of diverse family compositions, in addition to a sustainable construction system as an ecological and economical solution.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aaw-02
Fernando Oñate-Valdivieso, Mauricio Cordero
Climate change and land-use change influence hydrological processes in a basin, thereby affecting water production. The Cañar River basin originates in the Andean moors and flows into the Pacific Ocean, covering areas of great importance for conservation and agriculture. The basin exhibits a high degree of climatic and ecosystem variability. Two scenarios were proposed and studied using a semi-distributed hydrological model: a) a future climate scenario based on the projection of historical precipitation and temperature trends observed from 1985 to 2010 at 9 stations distributed throughout the basin, and b) a future soil use scenario derived from a multi-temporal analysis of land use, explanatory variables, and transition models. The analysis revealed an increase in precipitation during the rainy season and a decrease in precipitation during the dry season, resulting in a slight reduction in annual precipitation. During the study period, an increase in temperatures is observed in the low and high zones, while in the middle zone, there is a slight reduction in temperatures. The most significant land use changes were observed in natural vegetation, which experienced a significant reduction in area. If the observed climatic trends persist, precipitation would be expected to be concentrated mainly in the rainy season, leading to increased water availability during that period and a significant decrease during the dry season.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE HYDROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE IN A WATERSHED","authors":"Fernando Oñate-Valdivieso, Mauricio Cordero","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aaw-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).aaw-02","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and land-use change influence hydrological processes in a basin, thereby affecting water production. The Cañar River basin originates in the Andean moors and flows into the Pacific Ocean, covering areas of great importance for conservation and agriculture. The basin exhibits a high degree of climatic and ecosystem variability. Two scenarios were proposed and studied using a semi-distributed hydrological model: a) a future climate scenario based on the projection of historical precipitation and temperature trends observed from 1985 to 2010 at 9 stations distributed throughout the basin, and b) a future soil use scenario derived from a multi-temporal analysis of land use, explanatory variables, and transition models. The analysis revealed an increase in precipitation during the rainy season and a decrease in precipitation during the dry season, resulting in a slight reduction in annual precipitation. During the study period, an increase in temperatures is observed in the low and high zones, while in the middle zone, there is a slight reduction in temperatures. The most significant land use changes were observed in natural vegetation, which experienced a significant reduction in area. If the observed climatic trends persist, precipitation would be expected to be concentrated mainly in the rainy season, leading to increased water availability during that period and a significant decrease during the dry season.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cps-03
Photios G. Ioannou
Earthmoving for major civil engineering heavy construction works, such as dams, levees, or highways, has been a typical application area for construction simulation models. Missing from these models are the engineering calculations typically performed by heavy construction contractors based on the length, grade, and rolling resistance of the haul and return roads and the actual mechanical characteristics of the trucks that will haul the material. Detailed STROBOSCOPE simulations illustrate how to model the performance of heavy construction equipment by using engineering calculations as is usually performed in practice. Earthmoving for the construction of a dam illustrates how to model the loading and hauling of material based on the characteristics of the haul and return roads and the mechanical properties of actual models of loaders and trucks, such as bucket size, engine power, transmission efficiency, retarding power, etc. Sensitivity analysis investigates the total cost of truck combinations while considering the traffic effects of one or two bridges needed to cross a river along the haul route. This example can serve as a simulation model template to facilitate the wider acceptance of simulation in heavy construction practice.
{"title":"HEAVY CONSTRUCTION EARTHMOVING SIMULATION USING ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS","authors":"Photios G. Ioannou","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cps-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cps-03","url":null,"abstract":"Earthmoving for major civil engineering heavy construction works, such as dams, levees, or highways, has been a typical application area for construction simulation models. Missing from these models are the engineering calculations typically performed by heavy construction contractors based on the length, grade, and rolling resistance of the haul and return roads and the actual mechanical characteristics of the trucks that will haul the material. Detailed STROBOSCOPE simulations illustrate how to model the performance of heavy construction equipment by using engineering calculations as is usually performed in practice. Earthmoving for the construction of a dam illustrates how to model the loading and hauling of material based on the characteristics of the haul and return roads and the mechanical properties of actual models of loaders and trucks, such as bucket size, engine power, transmission efficiency, retarding power, etc. Sensitivity analysis investigates the total cost of truck combinations while considering the traffic effects of one or two bridges needed to cross a river along the haul route. This example can serve as a simulation model template to facilitate the wider acceptance of simulation in heavy construction practice.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"125 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-14
Santiago Bravo, Felipe Espinoza, Jorge Albuja-Sánchez, Mariela Anaguano-Marcillo, Jonathan Morales
The masonry blocks traditionally used in construction are associated with high energy consumption and significant emissions generation, placing a significant burden on the Earth's resources and alarming global warming and carbon footprint. For this reason, compressed stabilized earth blocks represent a satisfactory, lower-impact alternative to improve the physical and mechanical behavior of the soil mix. To achieve this, compressed stabilized soil blocks were developed using locally available sandy silt-type soil. This soil was stabilized using 12% GU-type cement and 3% sugarcane bagasse ash, a residue of the agro-industry with the highest production by weight in Ecuador, with a generation of 25 to 40 kg for each ton of bagasse incinerated. Blocks with dimensions of 13 cm x 6 cm x 5.5 cm were manufactured, compacted to optimum moisture content, and cured for 14 and 28 days. Finally, they were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The results obtained showed compliance with the requirements of various international standards.
{"title":"SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT FOR PRODUCING COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS","authors":"Santiago Bravo, Felipe Espinoza, Jorge Albuja-Sánchez, Mariela Anaguano-Marcillo, Jonathan Morales","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-14","url":null,"abstract":"The masonry blocks traditionally used in construction are associated with high energy consumption and significant emissions generation, placing a significant burden on the Earth's resources and alarming global warming and carbon footprint. For this reason, compressed stabilized earth blocks represent a satisfactory, lower-impact alternative to improve the physical and mechanical behavior of the soil mix. To achieve this, compressed stabilized soil blocks were developed using locally available sandy silt-type soil. This soil was stabilized using 12% GU-type cement and 3% sugarcane bagasse ash, a residue of the agro-industry with the highest production by weight in Ecuador, with a generation of 25 to 40 kg for each ton of bagasse incinerated. Blocks with dimensions of 13 cm x 6 cm x 5.5 cm were manufactured, compacted to optimum moisture content, and cured for 14 and 28 days. Finally, they were tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption. The results obtained showed compliance with the requirements of various international standards.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"154 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-02
E. Villacis, Patricio Cevallos, C. Ayarza
The eco earth sandwich is a construction system with a CMU foundation, braced vertically with treated wood poles and horizontally with steel rods and rammed earth. A reinforced concrete crowning beam confines a steel panel envelope, developed as an alternative wall using local resources, materials, and workforce. The Con Lo Que Hay 14 (CLQH 14) workshop, which translates to “With What is Available, edition 14 workshop,” developed the eco earth sandwich for a small suburban community center in the Ecuadorian Andes, based on vernacular contained earth criteria. The model is a one-story structure in which the resistance of its conforming elements will be evaluated in a theoretical approach. Earthquake resistance: Compression and tensile stresses and cutting effects produced at the foot of the wall will be evaluated. Verifying its effectiveness as a one-story self-standing structure and the possibility of becoming bearing walls. Future studies are planned with laboratory structural stress load tests.
生态土夹层是一种由 CMU 基础、经处理的木杆垂直支撑、钢筋和夯土水平支撑的建筑系统。钢筋混凝土顶梁限制了钢板围护结构，它是利用当地资源、材料和劳动力开发的替代墙体。Con Lo Que Hay 14 (CLQH 14) 工作坊的意思是 "利用现有资源，第 14 版工作坊"，该工作坊根据当地含土标准，为厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉郊区的一个小型社区中心开发了生态土夹层。该模型为单层结构，将通过理论方法对其符合要求的构件的抗震性进行评估。抗震性：将对墙脚产生的压缩和拉伸应力以及切割效应进行评估。验证其作为单层自立结构的有效性以及成为承重墙的可能性。未来的研究计划包括实验室结构应力负荷测试。
{"title":"STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE ECOEARTH SANDWICH SYSTEM","authors":"E. Villacis, Patricio Cevallos, C. Ayarza","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-02","url":null,"abstract":"The eco earth sandwich is a construction system with a CMU foundation, braced vertically with treated wood poles and horizontally with steel rods and rammed earth. A reinforced concrete crowning beam confines a steel panel envelope, developed as an alternative wall using local resources, materials, and workforce. The Con Lo Que Hay 14 (CLQH 14) workshop, which translates to “With What is Available, edition 14 workshop,” developed the eco earth sandwich for a small suburban community center in the Ecuadorian Andes, based on vernacular contained earth criteria. The model is a one-story structure in which the resistance of its conforming elements will be evaluated in a theoretical approach. Earthquake resistance: Compression and tensile stresses and cutting effects produced at the foot of the wall will be evaluated. Verifying its effectiveness as a one-story self-standing structure and the possibility of becoming bearing walls. Future studies are planned with laboratory structural stress load tests.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"260 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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