Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).pnd-01
Luis Deliberto Llacas Vicuña
Urban development based on anthropogenic systems led to evident urban transformations on a global and local scale. Climate change is the product of these transformations, characterized by weather patterns and ecological systems alterations. These alterations cause impacts on urban dynamics, which generate severe social consequences. It becomes imperative to assume the inevitability of the climate phenomenon and adopt a new management model with adaptation and mitigation actions. The research addresses the climatic phenomenon in Ecuador, specifically in the urban area of Riobamba, emphasizing its planning instruments. The objective is to recognize the scope of local instruments and plans related to climate change and to identify actors involved through a map of actors according to their level of engagement and support for climate change action. The research contemplates a descriptive methodology with a qualitative approach using theoretical and argumentative techniques. The research considers documentary and fieldwork through methods such as documentary analysis, unstructured observation, in-depth interviews with strategic actors, case studies, and self-completed perception surveys of available subjects, corresponding to an exploratory and descriptive level. The results show that the local government did not consider initiatives aimed at climate planning and, despite programs and projects that seek to solve environmental problems, they need to be developed in detail or linked as measures against climate change.
{"title":"CLIMATE PLANNING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: ACTORS AND CLIMATE CHANGE MEASURES","authors":"Luis Deliberto Llacas Vicuña","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).pnd-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).pnd-01","url":null,"abstract":"Urban development based on anthropogenic systems led to evident urban transformations on a global and local scale. Climate change is the product of these transformations, characterized by weather patterns and ecological systems alterations. These alterations cause impacts on urban dynamics, which generate severe social consequences. It becomes imperative to assume the inevitability of the climate phenomenon and adopt a new management model with adaptation and mitigation actions. The research addresses the climatic phenomenon in Ecuador, specifically in the urban area of Riobamba, emphasizing its planning instruments. The objective is to recognize the scope of local instruments and plans related to climate change and to identify actors involved through a map of actors according to their level of engagement and support for climate change action. The research contemplates a descriptive methodology with a qualitative approach using theoretical and argumentative techniques. The research considers documentary and fieldwork through methods such as documentary analysis, unstructured observation, in-depth interviews with strategic actors, case studies, and self-completed perception surveys of available subjects, corresponding to an exploratory and descriptive level. The results show that the local government did not consider initiatives aimed at climate planning and, despite programs and projects that seek to solve environmental problems, they need to be developed in detail or linked as measures against climate change.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"163 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).ldr-01
U. Quapp, K. Holschemacher
Fire safety and built heritage preservation are significant topics in engineering and architecture. Meeting the requirements of both issues in a revaluation or reconstruction project often leads to conflicts that hardly can be resolved to the satisfaction of both interests. Thus, for example, on the one side, installation of fire exit signs or the placement of fire extinguishers affect the historical appearance of built heritage. On the other side, these installations are essential for fire safety. The authors inform about requirements from fire safety and built heritage preservation with a focus on German law. They discuss relevant recent research literature as well as rules and regulations. Furthermore, the authors analyze current court cases, focused on the conflict between organizational and technological fire safety installations and the historical appearance of built heritage. The conclusion is that organizational and technological fire protection installations may negatively affect the historical appearance of built heritage. Nevertheless, in acknowledging the importance of both issues for the society, solutions to balance these interests must and can be found.
{"title":"LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CONCEPTS TO COMBINE BUILT HERITAGE PRESERVATION WITH ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL FIRE PROTECTION","authors":"U. Quapp, K. Holschemacher","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).ldr-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).ldr-01","url":null,"abstract":"Fire safety and built heritage preservation are significant topics in engineering and architecture. Meeting the requirements of both issues in a revaluation or reconstruction project often leads to conflicts that hardly can be resolved to the satisfaction of both interests. Thus, for example, on the one side, installation of fire exit signs or the placement of fire extinguishers affect the historical appearance of built heritage. On the other side, these installations are essential for fire safety. The authors inform about requirements from fire safety and built heritage preservation with a focus on German law. They discuss relevant recent research literature as well as rules and regulations. Furthermore, the authors analyze current court cases, focused on the conflict between organizational and technological fire safety installations and the historical appearance of built heritage. The conclusion is that organizational and technological fire protection installations may negatively affect the historical appearance of built heritage. Nevertheless, in acknowledging the importance of both issues for the society, solutions to balance these interests must and can be found.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"126 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cpm-02
The following research paper analyzes the evolution of financial variables considered in residential real estate projects in Quito, Ecuador. The analysis depends on the general characteristics of each project, from 2006 until the present. Specifically, the analysis relates the profitability of a series of projects with their type, total size in square meters, and general costs of construction, among other factors. For this, 344 real estate business plans were studied to obtain general information of the construction, and later categorized according to financial variables established. Usually, the initial planning of construction projects is not fully accomplished, due to such factors as the owner, design, location, or financial reasons, among others. As demonstrated, the misuse of resources has caused delays in the construction process, leading to economic loss. Essentially, the financial planning must provide a detailed explanation of the behavior of the variables affecting the proposed project's viability and financial efficiency. These variables must achieve optimal and positive annual profitability for the project to be successful. The results obtained for general and annual profitability find that general characteristics, such as type and size, affected profitability by increasing chronologically. Additionally, it was found that general profitability was most beneficial for a specific type of building and house, regarding its size, which is an essential financial factor to consider when investing or carrying out the construction of any real estate project.
{"title":"Profit evolution for residential construction projects according to project characteristics","authors":"","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cpm-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).cpm-02","url":null,"abstract":"The following research paper analyzes the evolution of financial variables considered in residential real estate projects in Quito, Ecuador. The analysis depends on the general characteristics of each project, from 2006 until the present. Specifically, the analysis relates the profitability of a series of projects with their type, total size in square meters, and general costs of construction, among other factors. For this, 344 real estate business plans were studied to obtain general information of the construction, and later categorized according to financial variables established. Usually, the initial planning of construction projects is not fully accomplished, due to such factors as the owner, design, location, or financial reasons, among others. As demonstrated, the misuse of resources has caused delays in the construction process, leading to economic loss. Essentially, the financial planning must provide a detailed explanation of the behavior of the variables affecting the proposed project's viability and financial efficiency. These variables must achieve optimal and positive annual profitability for the project to be successful. The results obtained for general and annual profitability find that general characteristics, such as type and size, affected profitability by increasing chronologically. Additionally, it was found that general profitability was most beneficial for a specific type of building and house, regarding its size, which is an essential financial factor to consider when investing or carrying out the construction of any real estate project.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"80 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-04
César Zúniga, Ada Rodríguez, Maria Elena Perdomo
Honduras is a country that lacks the development of rail transport for the mobilization of cargo within the territory, generating congestion on the roads and problems of merchandise since practically only road transport is available within the country. The country has a privileged geographic location due to its location in the heart of America, making it attractive for several entities to be part of a project to implement a 730 km freight train from the customs office in Puerto Cortes, making the entire journey in the Honduran territory and returning to its starting point. The objective of this work is to propose a graphical method to determine the route of a freight train in Honduras. This method is based on identifying on a map protected zones, import/export zones, cargo ports and customs, determined by the number of containerized cargo passing through the country. As a result, a route for the freight train is obtained that prioritizes the areas with the highest container movement, avoiding the passage through the highways of some of the country's major cities. The main contribution is the proposal of a graphic and systematic methodology to evaluate the possible logistic transport routes that give continuity to this initiative.
{"title":"PROPOSED METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF RAILROADS FOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION","authors":"César Zúniga, Ada Rodríguez, Maria Elena Perdomo","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).inf-04","url":null,"abstract":"Honduras is a country that lacks the development of rail transport for the mobilization of cargo within the territory, generating congestion on the roads and problems of merchandise since practically only road transport is available within the country. The country has a privileged geographic location due to its location in the heart of America, making it attractive for several entities to be part of a project to implement a 730 km freight train from the customs office in Puerto Cortes, making the entire journey in the Honduran territory and returning to its starting point. The objective of this work is to propose a graphical method to determine the route of a freight train in Honduras. This method is based on identifying on a map protected zones, import/export zones, cargo ports and customs, determined by the number of containerized cargo passing through the country. As a result, a route for the freight train is obtained that prioritizes the areas with the highest container movement, avoiding the passage through the highways of some of the country's major cities. The main contribution is the proposal of a graphic and systematic methodology to evaluate the possible logistic transport routes that give continuity to this initiative.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"33 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-02
B. Zlender, P. Jelušič
Soil excavation, including extraction from rivers, lakes, and marine sediments, can lead to a large surplus of clean or slightly contaminated excavated soil. All excavated soil is treated as waste until it is reused. Therefore, the reuse of excavated soil is an important part of sustainable construction, which also helps reduce carbon emissions and lower the cost of earthworks. The reuse of excavated soil is generally viewed positively, but there is a lack of uniform definition of construction waste and a lack of guidance and understanding of reuse. This article discusses the use of excavated soil and provides advice for good practice in the future, considering regulatory, economic, environmental, and implementation aspects. Regulatory aspects refer to the complex legislation and the lack of guidelines for reusing excavated soil. Economic aspects relate to integrated planning, including contracts for construction projects, and the interest of those involved in construction. The environmental aspect includes the impact of reused material on the soil. Logistical obstacles are discussed, which include both spatial and temporal problems due to difficulties in moving excavated soil, storing it, and coordinating supply and demand. Barriers to performing the work are related to the lack of standardization of tests to demonstrate that the geochemical and geotechnical quality of the excavated soil is suitable for reuse. Examples of the reuse of surface, river, lake, and marine soils and possible solutions to overcome the barriers to their use contributed to a proposal for increased use of excavated soils and sediments.
{"title":"ADVANTAGES AND BARRIERS FOR USE OF EXCAVATED SEDIMENTS","authors":"B. Zlender, P. Jelušič","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-02","url":null,"abstract":"Soil excavation, including extraction from rivers, lakes, and marine sediments, can lead to a large surplus of clean or slightly contaminated excavated soil. All excavated soil is treated as waste until it is reused. Therefore, the reuse of excavated soil is an important part of sustainable construction, which also helps reduce carbon emissions and lower the cost of earthworks. The reuse of excavated soil is generally viewed positively, but there is a lack of uniform definition of construction waste and a lack of guidance and understanding of reuse. This article discusses the use of excavated soil and provides advice for good practice in the future, considering regulatory, economic, environmental, and implementation aspects. Regulatory aspects refer to the complex legislation and the lack of guidelines for reusing excavated soil. Economic aspects relate to integrated planning, including contracts for construction projects, and the interest of those involved in construction. The environmental aspect includes the impact of reused material on the soil. Logistical obstacles are discussed, which include both spatial and temporal problems due to difficulties in moving excavated soil, storing it, and coordinating supply and demand. Barriers to performing the work are related to the lack of standardization of tests to demonstrate that the geochemical and geotechnical quality of the excavated soil is suitable for reuse. Examples of the reuse of surface, river, lake, and marine soils and possible solutions to overcome the barriers to their use contributed to a proposal for increased use of excavated soils and sediments.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-05
R. Valdes-Vasquez, S. Olbina, C. Clevenger, Mehmet E. Ozbek
Sustainable design and construction have become increasingly important in today's world due to the need for environmental protection and resource conservation. This paper promotes sustainable principles and learning objectives that support related skills by describing a pedagogical tool that uses the built environment as a learning model. Specifically, the paper describes a video assignment used in classes at two Universities focused on teaching sustainability, where teams of graduate and undergraduate students select building projects and create video tours that highlight the sustainable strategies implemented. The assignment requires selecting a building with sustainable features such as energy, water, indoor air quality, materials, site, or social sustainability. The videos are posted on YouTube, making them accessible to a broader audience. This assignment allows students to explore and identify sustainability principles by creating video tours that educate the campus community about sustainable design and construction. By highlighting the sustainable strategies used in the built environment, the assignment aims to raise awareness about the presence and importance of sustainable design and construction, as well as encourage the adoption of these principles in future construction projects. In addition to describing this assignment as a pedagogical tool to improve the teaching of sustainability concepts, this paper presents a rubric to assess what is being taught (sustainable building features) and how it is being communicated.
{"title":"VIDEO TOURS OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PROJECTS ON CAMPUS: A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO TEACHING SUSTAINABILITY","authors":"R. Valdes-Vasquez, S. Olbina, C. Clevenger, Mehmet E. Ozbek","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).sus-05","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable design and construction have become increasingly important in today's world due to the need for environmental protection and resource conservation. This paper promotes sustainable principles and learning objectives that support related skills by describing a pedagogical tool that uses the built environment as a learning model. Specifically, the paper describes a video assignment used in classes at two Universities focused on teaching sustainability, where teams of graduate and undergraduate students select building projects and create video tours that highlight the sustainable strategies implemented. The assignment requires selecting a building with sustainable features such as energy, water, indoor air quality, materials, site, or social sustainability. The videos are posted on YouTube, making them accessible to a broader audience. This assignment allows students to explore and identify sustainability principles by creating video tours that educate the campus community about sustainable design and construction. By highlighting the sustainable strategies used in the built environment, the assignment aims to raise awareness about the presence and importance of sustainable design and construction, as well as encourage the adoption of these principles in future construction projects. In addition to describing this assignment as a pedagogical tool to improve the teaching of sustainability concepts, this paper presents a rubric to assess what is being taught (sustainable building features) and how it is being communicated.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-02
P. Piantanida, Claudia A. Pilar, Valentina Villa, A. Vottari
The PRO.CRE.AR. Bicentenario (Argentine Bicentennial Single-Family Housing Credit Program) implemented between 2012 and 2015 approximately, included a model of wooden houses, thus enhancing in Argentina the opportunity to have a house built with industrialized wooden elements. The paper compares at a conceptual level the construction of the same house (similar to the prototype named “Maderera”) as a traditional building, i.e., with brick masonry and reinforced concrete, and instead with industrialized wood construction as funded by the PRO.CRE.AR program: the comparison focuses on the amount of CO2 incorporated in the two constructive solutions. Alongside this assessment, conducted on the basis of estimated quantities of materials and data found in the literature, the paper examines the amount of CO2 not produced over the lifetime of the house when photovoltaic elements and solar panels are possibly adopted for local energy production and then discusses the positive impact of any energy storage systems. The results regarding the building energy demand and the CO2 saved support the choice of building industrialization for the wood supply chain, propose additional options for the deployment of wood construction, and evaluate the impact of home PV & solar panels for sustainability and integration into the technological system.
{"title":"SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF AN INDUSTRIALIZED HOUSE","authors":"P. Piantanida, Claudia A. Pilar, Valentina Villa, A. Vottari","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).hos-02","url":null,"abstract":"The PRO.CRE.AR. Bicentenario (Argentine Bicentennial Single-Family Housing Credit Program) implemented between 2012 and 2015 approximately, included a model of wooden houses, thus enhancing in Argentina the opportunity to have a house built with industrialized wooden elements. The paper compares at a conceptual level the construction of the same house (similar to the prototype named “Maderera”) as a traditional building, i.e., with brick masonry and reinforced concrete, and instead with industrialized wood construction as funded by the PRO.CRE.AR program: the comparison focuses on the amount of CO2 incorporated in the two constructive solutions. Alongside this assessment, conducted on the basis of estimated quantities of materials and data found in the literature, the paper examines the amount of CO2 not produced over the lifetime of the house when photovoltaic elements and solar panels are possibly adopted for local energy production and then discusses the positive impact of any energy storage systems. The results regarding the building energy demand and the CO2 saved support the choice of building industrialization for the wood supply chain, propose additional options for the deployment of wood construction, and evaluate the impact of home PV & solar panels for sustainability and integration into the technological system.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).rad-03
Fernando Oñate-Valdivieso, Jhonatan González
Water erosion reduces soil fertility and productivity, negatively impacting crop yields. The transported material not only affects water quality but also significantly shortens the lifespan of water infrastructure. The Catamayo-Chira transboundary basin, spanning an area of 17,199 km2, serves as the primary water source for agriculture in the Ecuador-Peru border. Ongoing sediment production within the basin has drastically decreased the volume of the Poechos reservoir, northern Peru's largest irrigation system, raising concerns about its potential complete filling in the near future. To identify vulnerable areas to water erosion, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was utilized. By integrating meteorological, topographic, land use, and soil type data, a GIS-based model was developed to map the spatial variation of soil loss. This approach facilitated the identification of critical areas necessitating soil conservation actions. Within the basin, approximately 65% of the land exhibits high to critical erosion due to a combination of intense rainfall, steep slopes, limited vegetation cover, and erodible soils. Soil losses of around 200 tons per year have been observed. In the absence of effective soil loss management practices, sediment production, and transportation continue to pose significant challenges for the expansive agricultural lands in northern Peru, thereby jeopardizing regional food security.
{"title":"WATER EROSION RISK AND FOOD SECURITY: A CASE STUDY","authors":"Fernando Oñate-Valdivieso, Jhonatan González","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).rad-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).rad-03","url":null,"abstract":"Water erosion reduces soil fertility and productivity, negatively impacting crop yields. The transported material not only affects water quality but also significantly shortens the lifespan of water infrastructure. The Catamayo-Chira transboundary basin, spanning an area of 17,199 km2, serves as the primary water source for agriculture in the Ecuador-Peru border. Ongoing sediment production within the basin has drastically decreased the volume of the Poechos reservoir, northern Peru's largest irrigation system, raising concerns about its potential complete filling in the near future. To identify vulnerable areas to water erosion, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was utilized. By integrating meteorological, topographic, land use, and soil type data, a GIS-based model was developed to map the spatial variation of soil loss. This approach facilitated the identification of critical areas necessitating soil conservation actions. Within the basin, approximately 65% of the land exhibits high to critical erosion due to a combination of intense rainfall, steep slopes, limited vegetation cover, and erodible soils. Soil losses of around 200 tons per year have been observed. In the absence of effective soil loss management practices, sediment production, and transportation continue to pose significant challenges for the expansive agricultural lands in northern Peru, thereby jeopardizing regional food security.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140273780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-08
Víctor González-Jaramillo, Julio Rodríguez-Cabrera
The study of vegetation status is of great importance as it reveals environmental factors and their relationship with the availability of water resources, components that are relevant in the planning, drafting and execution of numerous civil engineering projects. Detecting changes in vegetation cover often requires data from space-based platforms, which may have limitations in terms of spatial or temporal resolution and high costs for acquiring high-resolution data. For relatively small areas, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provides a solution. These devices facilitate the acquisition of land cover information with high spatial and temporal resolution through the use of photographic cameras or specialized sensors. This research analyzes the vegetation status within a study area characterized by distinct climatic seasons (dry and humid) within a warm sub-tropical climate. The primary focus lies in detecting changes in vegetation cover and evaluating the overall state of the vegetation. To accomplish this objective, a multirotor UAV equipped with a multispectral camera that captures RED and NIR bands is deployed. Various vegetation indices based on distance and slope are applied to access the vegetation’s condition. The analysis of the results indicates that it is possible to evaluate the vegetation cover dynamics using the very high-resolution data obtained with the VANT approach (10 cm per pixel). Notably, the distance-based vegetation indices demonstrate superior efficacy in delineating the vegetation status and the stress induced by the scarcity of water resources during the transition between dry and humid seasons.
植被状况研究非常重要，因为它揭示了环境因素及其与水资源可用性之间的关系，而这些因素与众多土木工程项目的规划、起草和执行息息相关。检测植被变化通常需要天基平台提供的数据，这些数据在空间或时间分辨率方面可能存在局限性，而且获取高分辨率数据的成本很高。对于相对较小的区域，无人飞行器（UAV）的使用提供了一种解决方案。通过使用照相机或专用传感器，这些设备有助于获取高空间和时间分辨率的土地覆盖信息。本研究分析了一个研究区域内的植被状况，该区域属于温暖的亚热带气候，气候四季分明（干燥和潮湿）。主要重点是检测植被覆盖的变化和评估植被的整体状况。为实现这一目标，部署了一架配备多光谱相机的多旋翼无人机，该相机可捕捉红光和近红外波段。应用基于距离和坡度的各种植被指数来获取植被状况。结果分析表明，使用 VANT 方法（每个像素 10 厘米）获得的高分辨率数据可以评估植被覆盖动态。值得注意的是，基于距离的植被指数在描述植被状况和干旱与潮湿季节过渡期间因水资源匮乏而造成的压力方面显示出卓越的功效。
{"title":"EVALUATION OF VEGETATION COVER DYNAMICS IN A SUB-TROPICAL CLIMATE USING HIGH-RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL DATA FROM UAVS","authors":"Víctor González-Jaramillo, Julio Rodríguez-Cabrera","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).epe-08","url":null,"abstract":"The study of vegetation status is of great importance as it reveals environmental factors and their relationship with the availability of water resources, components that are relevant in the planning, drafting and execution of numerous civil engineering projects. Detecting changes in vegetation cover often requires data from space-based platforms, which may have limitations in terms of spatial or temporal resolution and high costs for acquiring high-resolution data. For relatively small areas, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provides a solution. These devices facilitate the acquisition of land cover information with high spatial and temporal resolution through the use of photographic cameras or specialized sensors. This research analyzes the vegetation status within a study area characterized by distinct climatic seasons (dry and humid) within a warm sub-tropical climate. The primary focus lies in detecting changes in vegetation cover and evaluating the overall state of the vegetation. To accomplish this objective, a multirotor UAV equipped with a multispectral camera that captures RED and NIR bands is deployed. Various vegetation indices based on distance and slope are applied to access the vegetation’s condition. The analysis of the results indicates that it is possible to evaluate the vegetation cover dynamics using the very high-resolution data obtained with the VANT approach (10 cm per pixel). Notably, the distance-based vegetation indices demonstrate superior efficacy in delineating the vegetation status and the stress induced by the scarcity of water resources during the transition between dry and humid seasons.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"38 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-08
Miguel Andrés Andrés Guerra, Estefanía Carrión, Estefanía Cervantes
Plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges due to its widespread use and long-lasting nature. In the search for sustainable construction solutions, this study presents a systematic review of international research spanning two decades on the integration of recycled plastics into concrete mixtures, either as aggregates or fibers. Applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 97 of the 187 articles initially identified were analyzed in depth. Key findings indicate that the introduction of plastics can influence essential concrete properties such as density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The effectiveness of plastic integration largely depends on factors such as the type, size and shape of the plastic used. In particular, the research reveals that the use of plastic fibers can improve crack resistance, influenced by the size and type of fiber. Depending on the application, an optimal plastic replacement percentage is usually between 10% and 20%. This review highlights the potential of recycled plastics to increase the properties of concrete, offering an environmentally friendly route to reduce plastic waste and promote sustainable construction.
{"title":"STUDY OF LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE USE OF PLASTIC IN CONCRETE MIXES","authors":"Miguel Andrés Andrés Guerra, Estefanía Carrión, Estefanía Cervantes","doi":"10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14455/isec.2024.11(1).mat-08","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges due to its widespread use and long-lasting nature. In the search for sustainable construction solutions, this study presents a systematic review of international research spanning two decades on the integration of recycled plastics into concrete mixtures, either as aggregates or fibers. Applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 97 of the 187 articles initially identified were analyzed in depth. Key findings indicate that the introduction of plastics can influence essential concrete properties such as density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. The effectiveness of plastic integration largely depends on factors such as the type, size and shape of the plastic used. In particular, the research reveals that the use of plastic fibers can improve crack resistance, influenced by the size and type of fiber. Depending on the application, an optimal plastic replacement percentage is usually between 10% and 20%. This review highlights the potential of recycled plastics to increase the properties of concrete, offering an environmentally friendly route to reduce plastic waste and promote sustainable construction.","PeriodicalId":477265,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction","volume":"22 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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