Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-10-05DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2125788
Christopher Rick, Jeehee Han, Brian Elbel, Amy Ellen Schwartz
While advocates argue that gentrification changes the neighborhood food environment critical to children's diet and health, we have little evidence documenting such changes or the consequences for their health outcomes. Using rich longitudinal, individual-level data on nearly 115,000 New York City children, including egocentric measures of their food environment and BMI, we examine the link between neighborhood demographic change ("gentrification"), children's access to restaurants and supermarkets, and their weight outcomes. We find that children in rapidly gentrifying neighborhoods see increased access to fast food and wait-service restaurants and reduced access to corner stores and supermarkets compared to those in non-gentrifying areas. Boys and girls have higher BMI following gentrification, but only boys are more likely to be obese or overweight. We find public housing moderates the relationship between gentrification and weight, as children living in public housing are less likely to be obese or overweight.
{"title":"The link between gentrification, children's egocentric food environment, and obesity.","authors":"Christopher Rick, Jeehee Han, Brian Elbel, Amy Ellen Schwartz","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2125788","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2125788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While advocates argue that gentrification changes the neighborhood food environment critical to children's diet and health, we have little evidence documenting such changes or the consequences for their health outcomes. Using rich longitudinal, individual-level data on nearly 115,000 New York City children, including egocentric measures of their food environment and BMI, we examine the link between neighborhood demographic change (\"gentrification\"), children's access to restaurants and supermarkets, and their weight outcomes. We find that children in rapidly gentrifying neighborhoods see increased access to fast food and wait-service restaurants and reduced access to corner stores and supermarkets compared to those in non-gentrifying areas. Boys and girls have higher BMI following gentrification, but only boys are more likely to be obese or overweight. We find public housing moderates the relationship between gentrification and weight, as children living in public housing are less likely to be obese or overweight.</p>","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":"33 1","pages":"85-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10229138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9945196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-06-10DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2076715
Jennifer Candipan, Alicia R Riley, Janeria A Easley
Gentrification is associated with decreases in neighborhood poverty and crime, increases in amenities and services, among other benefits-all identified as structural determinants of health. However, gentrification is also associated with population-level replacement of the existing community, or threats thereof. Combining census data from the ten largest MSAs in the U.S. with tract-level estimates from the CDC-PLACES Project from 2013-14 to 2017-18, we explore how the changing socioeconomic conditions in gentrifying neighborhoods correlate with changes in neighborhood health. We find significant differences between gentrifying and non-gentrifying neighborhoods in their associations with neighborhood health. The sociodemographic changes occurring in gentrifying neighborhoods generally correspond with simultaneous decreases in aggregate health risk behaviors and negative health outcomes. However, these changes are heterogeneous and complex. Whether and how neighborhood health changes alongside other components of neighborhood change depends on whether gentrification occurs in majority Black, Hispanic, or White neighborhoods. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the changes accompanying gentrification extend to neighborhood health, but the direction of influence varies by neighborhood composition, type of sociodemographic change, specific health outcome, and spatial spillover. We discuss theoretical implications for future work addressing the mechanisms driving changes in neighborhood health, and potential approaches that differentiate policy responses.
{"title":"While Some Things Change, Do Others Stay the Same? The Heterogeneity of Neighborhood Health Returns to Gentrification.","authors":"Jennifer Candipan, Alicia R Riley, Janeria A Easley","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2076715","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2076715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gentrification is associated with decreases in neighborhood poverty and crime, increases in amenities and services, among other benefits-all identified as structural determinants of health. However, gentrification is also associated with population-level replacement of the existing community, or threats thereof. Combining census data from the ten largest MSAs in the U.S. with tract-level estimates from the CDC-PLACES Project from 2013-14 to 2017-18, we explore how the changing socioeconomic conditions in gentrifying neighborhoods correlate with changes in neighborhood health. We find significant differences between gentrifying and non-gentrifying neighborhoods in their associations with neighborhood health. The sociodemographic changes occurring in gentrifying neighborhoods generally correspond with simultaneous decreases in aggregate health risk behaviors and negative health outcomes. However, these changes are heterogeneous and complex. Whether and how neighborhood health changes alongside other components of neighborhood change depends on whether gentrification occurs in majority Black, Hispanic, or White neighborhoods. Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the changes accompanying gentrification extend to neighborhood health, but the direction of influence varies by neighborhood composition, type of sociodemographic change, specific health outcome, and spatial spillover. We discuss theoretical implications for future work addressing the mechanisms driving changes in neighborhood health, and potential approaches that differentiate policy responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":"33 1","pages":"129-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46365313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2145852
Michael Snidal, Guanglai Li
{"title":"The Nonimpact of Opportunity Zones on Home and Business Lending","authors":"Michael Snidal, Guanglai Li","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2145852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2145852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41539103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2141581
Julie Y. Cai
This article documents the antipoverty effects of housing assistance pro- grams and their relationships with other life circumstances. Using a novel sample of urban households, we examine how participation tra- jectories in housing programs (including Section 8/public housing and rent regulation) affect households ’ housing deprivation, income poverty, and other forms of material hardships. Employing a propensity score matching technique, we find evidence that individuals who remain in subsidized units are significantly less likely to experience rent burden, become homeless, or live in overcrowded environments. They also face lower odds of poverty than their eligible non-/past-assisted counterparts. However, we find that living in subsidized housing has almost no impact on material hardship. Also, we find no relationship between living in rent-stabilized housing and low-income households ’ material or housing hardship.
{"title":"Housing Assistance, Poverty, and Material Hardships","authors":"Julie Y. Cai","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2141581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2141581","url":null,"abstract":"This article documents the antipoverty effects of housing assistance pro- grams and their relationships with other life circumstances. Using a novel sample of urban households, we examine how participation tra- jectories in housing programs (including Section 8/public housing and rent regulation) affect households ’ housing deprivation, income poverty, and other forms of material hardships. Employing a propensity score matching technique, we find evidence that individuals who remain in subsidized units are significantly less likely to experience rent burden, become homeless, or live in overcrowded environments. They also face lower odds of poverty than their eligible non-/past-assisted counterparts. However, we find that living in subsidized housing has almost no impact on material hardship. Also, we find no relationship between living in rent-stabilized housing and low-income households ’ material or housing hardship.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46790791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2137379
Christopher J. A. Wilkinson, P. Greenhalgh
{"title":"Exploring Student Housing Demand, Supply Side and Planning Policy Responses in a Small University City: Studentification in Durham, UK","authors":"Christopher J. A. Wilkinson, P. Greenhalgh","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2137379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2137379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48551420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2077802
C. Aiken, I. Ellen, Isabel Harner, T. Haupert, Vincent J. Reina, Rebecca Yae
Abstract Homelessness prevention efforts face an overarching challenge: how to target limited resources far enough downstream to capture those at greatest risk of homelessness, but far enough upstream to stabilize households before they experience a cascade of negative outcomes. How did the COVID-19 emergency rental assistance programs launched in hundreds of localities across the United States respond to this challenge? This paper draws on two waves of a national survey of emergency rental assistance program administrators, as well as in-depth interviews with 15 administrators, to answer this question. Results show that although the vast majority of program administrators considered homelessness prevention to be a key program goal, their programs tended to target rental assistance far upstream of tenants at immediate risk.
{"title":"Can Emergency Rental Assistance Be Designed to Prevent Homelessness? Learning from Emergency Rental Assistance Programs","authors":"C. Aiken, I. Ellen, Isabel Harner, T. Haupert, Vincent J. Reina, Rebecca Yae","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2077802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2077802","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Homelessness prevention efforts face an overarching challenge: how to target limited resources far enough downstream to capture those at greatest risk of homelessness, but far enough upstream to stabilize households before they experience a cascade of negative outcomes. How did the COVID-19 emergency rental assistance programs launched in hundreds of localities across the United States respond to this challenge? This paper draws on two waves of a national survey of emergency rental assistance program administrators, as well as in-depth interviews with 15 administrators, to answer this question. Results show that although the vast majority of program administrators considered homelessness prevention to be a key program goal, their programs tended to target rental assistance far upstream of tenants at immediate risk.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":"32 1","pages":"896 - 914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47591819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2127557
M. Cunningham, S. Batko
Keeping America housed is growing more difficult. For at least four decades, the United States has suffered an increasingly acute affordable housing crisis for lower-income people, who have endured untenable and unstable living conditions. The number of people experiencing homelessness has hovered around half a million on any given night, and the number of people living unsheltered is increasing (U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development, 2021). Many millions more live on the edge of homelessness, struggling with rent burden, low-quality housing, overcrowding, and the constant threat of eviction (Alvarez & Steffen, 2021; Gromis et al., 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem of housing insecurity, with unprecedented levels of unemployment that rendered millions of tenants unable to pay their rent, leaving them at risk of eviction and adding more to the rolls of the homeless. As more fortunate people hunkered down in their homes to avoid spreading the virus, thousands of vulnerable people found themselves forced to sleep in tents and on the streets, offering policymakers a graphic reminder of the significant housing precarity in our major cities. This special issue examines the challenge of keeping America housed and highlights a few approaches that emerged during the pandemic. The issue includes seven articles, starting with a description of the vast homeless emergency response system and efforts made during COVID-19 to enhance shelter capacity through the use of hotels. It then turns to homelessness prevention and the challenges with targeting these efforts. Recent years brought not only the pandemic but also a long overdue moment of racial reckoning. In response to the rallying call to end structural racism embedded in our systems, this issue concludes by examining how race plays a role in homelessness. The primary response when someone becomes homeless in the U.S. is emergency shelter, a temporary bed to sleep at night. People often think of shelter as a band-aid—the minimum we should do. Indeed, shelter can often be life-saving, protecting people from literally sleeping on the street. There is, however, a misconception that emergency shelter costs substantially less than providing housing, when studies show that providing shelter can be expensive (Spellman et al., 2010). In addition to being costly, emergency shelter is not a solution to homelessness, as it doesn’t provide a permanent place to live. Unfortunately, instead of a lean infrastructure set up to respond to emergencies and get people back into housing, crisis response has become a permanent part of our safety net, and a large one at that. As Culhane and An (2021) demonstrate in their study, the shelter “system” is a complex and sprawling industry. Yet—as the authors of this study point out—despite this investment, the need for shelter exceeds the number of beds available, and more than 200,000 live unsheltered on a given night (U.S. Department of Housing & Urban De
{"title":"Introduction to Keeping America Housed, a Special Edition of Housing Policy Debate","authors":"M. Cunningham, S. Batko","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2127557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2127557","url":null,"abstract":"Keeping America housed is growing more difficult. For at least four decades, the United States has suffered an increasingly acute affordable housing crisis for lower-income people, who have endured untenable and unstable living conditions. The number of people experiencing homelessness has hovered around half a million on any given night, and the number of people living unsheltered is increasing (U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development, 2021). Many millions more live on the edge of homelessness, struggling with rent burden, low-quality housing, overcrowding, and the constant threat of eviction (Alvarez & Steffen, 2021; Gromis et al., 2022). The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem of housing insecurity, with unprecedented levels of unemployment that rendered millions of tenants unable to pay their rent, leaving them at risk of eviction and adding more to the rolls of the homeless. As more fortunate people hunkered down in their homes to avoid spreading the virus, thousands of vulnerable people found themselves forced to sleep in tents and on the streets, offering policymakers a graphic reminder of the significant housing precarity in our major cities. This special issue examines the challenge of keeping America housed and highlights a few approaches that emerged during the pandemic. The issue includes seven articles, starting with a description of the vast homeless emergency response system and efforts made during COVID-19 to enhance shelter capacity through the use of hotels. It then turns to homelessness prevention and the challenges with targeting these efforts. Recent years brought not only the pandemic but also a long overdue moment of racial reckoning. In response to the rallying call to end structural racism embedded in our systems, this issue concludes by examining how race plays a role in homelessness. The primary response when someone becomes homeless in the U.S. is emergency shelter, a temporary bed to sleep at night. People often think of shelter as a band-aid—the minimum we should do. Indeed, shelter can often be life-saving, protecting people from literally sleeping on the street. There is, however, a misconception that emergency shelter costs substantially less than providing housing, when studies show that providing shelter can be expensive (Spellman et al., 2010). In addition to being costly, emergency shelter is not a solution to homelessness, as it doesn’t provide a permanent place to live. Unfortunately, instead of a lean infrastructure set up to respond to emergencies and get people back into housing, crisis response has become a permanent part of our safety net, and a large one at that. As Culhane and An (2021) demonstrate in their study, the shelter “system” is a complex and sprawling industry. Yet—as the authors of this study point out—despite this investment, the need for shelter exceeds the number of beds available, and more than 200,000 live unsheltered on a given night (U.S. Department of Housing & Urban De","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":"32 1","pages":"819 - 822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49467881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2125335
E. Seymour
Abstract Research on evictions has found that large landlords are associated with higher absolute and relative numbers of evictions, and pandemic-period filings have brought additional scrutiny to large landlords and corporate landlords in particular. However, not all large landlords are equivalent, and some may be more likely to evict based on the submarkets in which they operate, and the pandemic has likely altered these relationships. This study examines trends in evictions and filings associated with two particular submarkets, extended-stay and single-family rentals, through an analysis of case-level data covering the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Through a series of multivariate analyses, I find that extended-stay properties are associated with higher eviction rates than other multifamily properties during the 12-month period immediately preceding the pandemic. Extended-stay landlords are even more likely to file and evict during the first 12-months of the pandemic. The results are mixed for single-family rentals. Corporate and other large landlords are generally more likely to file and evict prior to the pandemic, but several are no more likely or even far less likely to evict compared to smaller landlords during the pandemic. This study concludes with implications for policy and research.
{"title":"Corporate Landlords and Pandemic and Prepandemic Evictions in Las Vegas","authors":"E. Seymour","doi":"10.1080/10511482.2022.2125335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2125335","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on evictions has found that large landlords are associated with higher absolute and relative numbers of evictions, and pandemic-period filings have brought additional scrutiny to large landlords and corporate landlords in particular. However, not all large landlords are equivalent, and some may be more likely to evict based on the submarkets in which they operate, and the pandemic has likely altered these relationships. This study examines trends in evictions and filings associated with two particular submarkets, extended-stay and single-family rentals, through an analysis of case-level data covering the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Through a series of multivariate analyses, I find that extended-stay properties are associated with higher eviction rates than other multifamily properties during the 12-month period immediately preceding the pandemic. Extended-stay landlords are even more likely to file and evict during the first 12-months of the pandemic. The results are mixed for single-family rentals. Corporate and other large landlords are generally more likely to file and evict prior to the pandemic, but several are no more likely or even far less likely to evict compared to smaller landlords during the pandemic. This study concludes with implications for policy and research.","PeriodicalId":47744,"journal":{"name":"Housing Policy Debate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号