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Supporting the Housing Needs of Domestic Violence Shelter Residents: Considerations for Survivors With and Without Disabilities 支持家庭暴力庇护所居民的住房需求:对残疾和非残疾幸存者的考虑
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2125336
M. Ballan, Molly Freyer, Meghan Romanelli
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引用次数: 0
Gentrification, Health, and Intermediate Pathways: How Distinct Inequality Mechanisms Impact Health Disparities 中产阶级化、健康和中间途径:不同的不平等机制如何影响健康差异
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2123249
H. S. Versey
Abstract Gentrification yields a variety of effects, yet the mechanisms linking gentrification to health are unclear. Although quantitative research has helped to identify some patterns, the processes whereby neighborhood dynamics impact health are layered and span multiple levels of health—individual, family, and community. According to research describing large-scale drivers of health, inequality (e.g., income and social) is a significant risk factor for worse health, morbidity, and mortality. Drawing from an inequality-health framework, this paper explores how inequality created by gentrification (e.g., segregated pockets of wealth alongside relative deprivation) harms health and well-being. The current study presents findings from lower-income African American women across 20 U.S. cities, and examines pathways by which gentrification increases inequality and stress for residents living in gentrifying areas. Results indicate that gentrification contributes to both direct (e.g., material scarcity) and indirect (e.g., displacement, distrust, lack of belonging) pathways that impact health, supporting mediation via four major pathways. Implications for further research, theorization, and policy are discussed.
中产阶级化产生了各种各样的影响,但将中产阶级化与健康联系起来的机制尚不清楚。虽然定量研究有助于确定一些模式,但邻里动态影响健康的过程是分层的,跨越了个人、家庭和社区的多个健康水平。根据描述健康的大规模驱动因素的研究,不平等(例如收入和社会不平等)是健康状况、发病率和死亡率恶化的一个重要风险因素。从不平等-健康的框架出发,本文探讨了士绅化(例如,财富与相对剥夺分开)造成的不平等如何损害健康和福祉。目前的研究展示了来自美国20个国家的低收入非洲裔美国妇女的调查结果城市,并研究了中产阶级化增加生活在中产阶级化地区的居民的不平等和压力的途径。结果表明,中产阶级化有助于影响健康的直接(如物质稀缺)和间接(如流离失所、不信任、缺乏归属感)途径,支持通过四个主要途径进行调解。讨论了进一步研究、理论化和政策的意义。
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引用次数: 6
Did HOPE VI Move Communities to Opportunity? How Public Housing Redevelopment Affected Neighborhood Poverty, Racial Composition, and Resources 1990–2016 “希望六号”让社区走向了机遇?1990-2016年公共住房重建对社区贫困、种族构成和资源的影响
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-26 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2121614
R. Coley, Bryn Spielvogel, Dabin Hwang, Josh Lown, S. Teixeira
Abstract Public housing is a key federal investment, yet it has suffered severe underfunding and decay. HOPE VI sought to transform public housing by improving housing quality, deconcentrating poverty, and enhancing economic opportunities. Using rigorous quasi-experimental methods and an array of geocoded annual national administrative data from 1990 to 2016, we evaluated the effects of HOPE VI redevelopment on neighborhood composition and resources. After matching HOPE VI and control census tracts, we used a new flexible conditional difference-in-differences technique to estimate average treatment effects on the treated, accounting for varying treatment start dates and durations. Results show that HOPE VI redevelopment decreased tract poverty by 2.9 percentage points, an effect that remained relatively stable through 10 years postredevelopment, and increased median household incomes with no indication of rising affluence. These effects were most pronounced in high-poverty and predominantly Black tracts, and where public housing experienced more costly redevelopment or transitioned to mixed-income. HOPE VI redevelopments did not affect racial composition or the presence of institutional resources, social services, or commercial resources (e.g., grocery stores, restaurants). Results suggest partial success of HOPE VI. Additional policy levers are necessary to increase public housing residents’ access to neighborhood services that promote economic opportunities and well-being.
公共住房是一项重要的联邦投资,但它面临着严重的资金不足和衰败。HOPE VI试图通过改善住房质量、分散贫困和增加经济机会来改造公共住房。采用严格的准实验方法和一系列1990 - 2016年的地理编码年度国家行政数据,我们评估了HOPE VI重建对社区构成和资源的影响。在匹配HOPE VI和对照人口普查区之后,我们使用了一种新的灵活的条件差中差技术来估计对被治疗者的平均治疗效果,考虑到不同的治疗开始日期和持续时间。结果显示,HOPE VI再开发将地区贫困率降低了2.9个百分点,这一效应在开发后的10年内保持相对稳定,并增加了家庭收入中位数,但没有迹象表明富裕程度上升。这些影响在高度贫困和以黑人为主的地区最为明显,在这些地区,公共住房经历了更昂贵的重建或向混合收入过渡。HOPE VI重建不影响种族构成或机构资源、社会服务或商业资源(如杂货店、餐馆)的存在。结果表明HOPE VI取得了部分成功。需要额外的政策杠杆来增加公共住房居民获得社区服务的机会,从而促进经济机会和福祉。
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引用次数: 1
Who Lives in Vehicles and Why? Understanding Vehicular Homelessness in Los Angeles 谁住在车里?为什么?了解洛杉矶的车辆无家可归
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2117990
Christopher Giamarino, Evelyn Blumenberg, M. Brozen
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引用次数: 2
Who Represents the Renters? 谁代表租客?
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-09-12 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2109710
K. Einstein, J. Ornstein, Maxwell Palmer
Abstract Owning a home profoundly shapes Americans’ economic and political lives and preferences. A wide body of housing policy research suggests that homeowners receive favorable treatment from public policy at all levels of government. We know virtually nothing, however, about the descriptive representation of renters and homeowners. This paper combines a novel data set of over 10,000 local, state, and federal officials with administrative data on property records to assess the descriptive representation of renters and homeowners in the United States. We find that renters are starkly underrepresented by a margin of over 30 percentage points—a gap that persists across a variety of institutional and demographic contexts. Public officials are substantially more likely to own single-family homes that are more valuable than other homes in their neighborhoods. Collectively, these findings suggest deep representation inequalities that disadvantage renters at all levels of government.
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引用次数: 5
Eviction Court Outcomes and Access to Procedural Knowledge: Evidence From a Tenant-Focused Intervention in New Orleans 驱逐法庭的结果和获得程序知识的途径:来自新奥尔良以租户为中心的干预的证据
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2112257
AJ Golio, Grace Daniels, Russell Moran, Y. F. Southall, Tricia Lamoza
Abstract During the legal eviction process, tenants tend to lack procedural knowledge about how courts operate and how to argue their case. Uneven access to this information tends to result in less favorable outcomes for tenants, including a mark on the tenant’s record that severely limits future housing opportunities. However, there are few—if any—quantitative studies that systematically examine the relationship between knowledge distribution and eviction case outcomes. This article focuses on the unique efforts of a New Orleans-based renters’ rights organization to contact residents facing eviction and provide them with informative resources on the eviction process. We follow the court outcomes of 267 cases, and analyze them using a quasi-experimental approach and a series of weighted logistic regressions. For tenants who were contacted, we observe a 13% reduction in the probability of receiving a rule absolute judgment than among those who were not contacted. Direct forms of contact (e.g., a telephone conversation) tend to have stronger associations with positive court outcomes than indirect forms (e.g., sending a postcard).
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引用次数: 5
“You Have a Place to Rest Your Head in Peace”: Use of Hotels for Adults Experiencing Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic “你有一个地方可以平静地休息”:新冠肺炎大流行期间无家可归的成年人使用酒店
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2113816
Leah Robinson, Penelope Schlesinger, Danya E. Keene
Abstract Hotel housing was an intervention implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce the spread of the virus among people experiencing homelessness. Individuals living in congregate shelter or unsheltered settings in New Haven, Connecticut, were relocated into two hotels at the start of the pandemic. In this paper we characterize and explore the experiences of 18 individuals who were moved to hotels. Participants shared that the hotels, as opposed to other settings, provided stability through having a consistent room, access to important amenities, and a sense of privacy and safety. This allowed individuals to gain more control in their lives and make changes that benefitted their health and well-being. The findings suggest that the model of shelter utilized during the pandemic may have important benefits for supporting people who are experiencing homelessness.
摘要酒店住房是新冠肺炎大流行期间实施的一项干预措施,旨在减少病毒在无家可归者中的传播。在新冠疫情开始时,居住在康涅狄格州纽黑文市集合避难所或无遮蔽环境中的个人被转移到了两家酒店。在本文中,我们对18名被转移到酒店的人的经历进行了表征和探索。参与者分享说,与其他环境相比,这些酒店通过拥有一致的房间、使用重要设施以及隐私和安全感来提供稳定性。这使个人能够在生活中获得更多的控制权,并做出有利于他们健康和福祉的改变。研究结果表明,在疫情期间使用的庇护所模式可能对支持无家可归的人有重要好处。
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引用次数: 6
Which Information Matters? Measuring Landlord Assessment of Tenant Screening Reports 哪些信息重要?衡量业主对租客筛选报告的评估
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2113815
Wonyoung So
Abstract This research studies how tenant screening services’ presentation of information influences landlord decisions. Tenant screening services utilize criminal records, eviction records, and credit score databases to produce reports that landlords use to inform their decisions about who to rent to. However, little is known about how landlords assess the information presented by tenant screening reports. Through a behavioral experiment with landlords using simulated tenant screening reports, this study shows that landlords use blanket screening policies, that they conflate the existence of tenant records with outcomes (e.g., eviction filings with executed evictions), and that they display, on average, tendencies toward automation bias that are influenced by the risk assessments and scores presented by tenant screening reports. I argue that maintaining blanket screening policies and automation bias, combined with the downstream effects of creating and using racially biased eviction and criminal records, means that people of color will inevitably experience disproportionate exclusion from rental housing due to perceived “risk” on the part of landlords.
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引用次数: 6
Is Gentrification a Carcinogen? Neighborhood Change and Cancerous Vehicle Emissions in Los Angeles County 变性是致癌物质吗?洛杉矶县的社区变化与恶性车辆排放
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2099936
Jared N. Schachner
Abstract Neighborhood disadvantage erodes residents’ mental and physical health. But whether rapid reductions in disadvantage spurred by gentrification attenuate or exacerbate these effects remains unknown due to mixed theoretical expectations and empirical results. To help clarify these dynamics, I propose a novel hypothesis that casts gentrification as a carcinogen. As neighborhoods receive inflows of affluent, White residents, influxes of private vehicles may come with them. In turn, stationary residents become exposed to higher vehicular emissions, and their risk of cancer—especially lung cancer—climbs. As an initial empirical test of these theoretical possibilities, I link Urban Displacement Project data identifying Los Angeles County neighborhoods that gentrified during the 2000s to tract-level data on vehicle ownership and cancer risk profiles—the latter from the Environmental Protection Agency’s National Air Toxics Assessment. Descriptive regressions that include a lagged dependent variable and municipal fixed effects suggest gentrifying tracts’ levels of cancer risk factors increased by ∼0.5 standard deviations more than those of disadvantaged neighborhoods that did not gentrify. Sobel tests of mediation indicate nearly half of this association may be explained by a pathway related to increasing vehicle density. The study thus motivates future research leveraging individual-level data and quasi-experimental methods to solidify whether gentrification is indeed a carcinogen.
摘要邻里劣势侵蚀着居民的身心健康。但是,由于理论预期和实证结果喜忧参半,中产阶级化刺激的劣势迅速减少是否会减弱或加剧这些影响仍然未知。为了帮助阐明这些动态,我提出了一个新的假设,将中产阶级化视为致癌物。随着社区接收到富裕的白人居民的涌入,私人车辆的涌入也可能随之而来。反过来,静止不动的居民会暴露于更高的车辆排放,以及他们患癌症的风险,特别是肺癌。作为对这些理论可能性的初步实证测试,我将城市置换项目的数据与环境保护局的国家空气毒物评估中关于车辆所有权和癌症风险状况的数据联系起来,这些数据确定了洛杉矶县在2000年代中产阶级化的社区。包括滞后因变量和市政固定效应在内的描述性回归表明,与没有绅士化的弱势社区相比,绅士化地区癌症风险因素水平增加了约0.5个标准差。Sobel中介测试表明,近一半的这种关联可以通过与车辆密度增加相关的途径来解释。因此,这项研究推动了未来的研究,利用个人层面的数据和准实验方法来确定绅士化是否真的是致癌物。
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引用次数: 1
Climate Change, Aging, and Well-being: How Residential Setting Matters 气候变化、老龄化和幸福:居住环境如何重要
IF 2.9 3区 经济学 Q2 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2022.2109711
Jennifer Molinsky, Ann Forsyth
Abstract How do older people’s living environments influence their vulnerabilities to climate change? Much has been written about the physiological consequences of climate change for older individuals, particularly the dangers of increased incidence of severe heat. Less is known about how older people’s residential settings moderate their exposure to climate stressors, their particular sensitivities to the effects of climate change, or their capacities to respond to extreme events or adapt to long-term environmental changes. Drawing on literature in English, with a focus on work relevant to the United States, we examine how the housing, neighborhood, and urban or rural contexts in which older people live shape their experiences of climate change, moderating their exposure to risks related to climate change, sensitivity to those events and trends, and their capacities to adapt and recover. Older people face multiple life changes, making prioritizing climate readiness more challenging. They are also diverse, with different vulnerabilities and perceptions of risks and the ability to manage them. This paper lays out an agenda where additional research can inform policy and planning efforts aimed at reducing older individuals’ risk and building the capacity to adapt to climate change. The agenda includes understanding specific vulnerabilities and how older people and their housing providers are already responding.
摘要老年人的生活环境如何影响他们对气候变化的脆弱性?关于气候变化对老年人的生理影响,特别是严重高温发病率增加的危险,已经有很多报道。关于老年人的居住环境如何调节他们对气候压力源的暴露,他们对气候变化影响的特殊敏感性,或者他们应对极端事件或适应长期环境变化的能力,人们知之甚少。我们借鉴英语文献,重点研究与美国相关的工作,研究老年人生活的住房、社区、城市或农村环境如何影响他们的气候变化经历,调节他们对气候变化相关风险的暴露,对这些事件和趋势的敏感性,以及他们适应和恢复的能力。老年人面临着多种生活变化,这使得优先考虑气候变化更具挑战性。它们也是多样化的,具有不同的脆弱性、对风险的感知以及管理风险的能力。本文列出了一个议程,在该议程中,额外的研究可以为旨在降低老年人风险和建设适应气候变化能力的政策和规划工作提供信息。议程包括了解具体的脆弱性,以及老年人及其住房提供者已经在如何应对。
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引用次数: 3
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Housing Policy Debate
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