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EDE volume 26 issue 5-6 Cover and Front matter EDE第26卷第5-6期封面和封面问题
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.1017/s1355770x21000280
Talip Kilic
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引用次数: 0
Happiness in the tropics: climate variables and subjective wellbeing 热带地区的幸福:气候变量和主观幸福感
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X21000267
Oscar Zapata
Abstract Changes in climatic patterns are expected to have significant effects on health and wellbeing. However, the literature on the effect of climate on subjective wellbeing remains scant and existing studies focus mostly on developed countries or cross-country analyses. This paper aims to identify the relationship between climate conditions on happiness after controlling for individual and social characteristics. Ecuador, a geographically fragmented country with varying climate conditions across municipalities, constitutes an ideal case study to assess the effect of climate variables on happiness. We employ a cross-section analysis to identify the effect of temperature, precipitation and humidity on happiness. The paper shows that climate conditions constitute an important determinant of people's subjective wellbeing. The results also suggest that income and education attenuate the effect of temperature on happiness and that substantial differences are observed depending on whether places are hot/humid or cold/dry.
气候模式的变化预计会对健康和福祉产生重大影响。然而，关于气候对主观幸福感影响的文献仍然很少，现有的研究主要集中在发达国家或跨国分析。在控制了个体特征和社会特征之后，本文旨在确定气候条件与幸福感之间的关系。厄瓜多尔是一个地理上分散的国家，各城市的气候条件各不相同，是评估气候变量对幸福感影响的理想案例研究。我们采用横截面分析来确定温度、降水和湿度对幸福感的影响。本文表明，气候条件是人们主观幸福感的重要决定因素。研究结果还表明，收入和受教育程度会减弱温度对幸福感的影响，而且根据不同的地区是炎热/潮湿还是寒冷/干燥，幸福感会有实质性的差异。
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引用次数: 3
Land rights and the economic impacts of climatic anomalies on agriculture: evidence from Ethiopia 土地权和气候异常对农业的经济影响：来自埃塞俄比亚的证据
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X2100022X
Mintewab Bezabih, Salvatore Di Falco, A. Mekonnen, G. Kohlin
Abstract This paper shows that strengthening land rights via a land certification program may reduce the negative economic impact of climatic anomalies in the highlands of Ethiopia. The results support the hypothesis that certification enhances the likelihood of adapting some of the land-related investments, thus supporting adaptation enhancing mechanisms and the resilience of the farming sector. Institutional factors may play a key role in supporting farmers’ adaptive capacity to climatic challenges.
摘要本文表明，通过土地认证计划加强土地权利可以减少埃塞俄比亚高地气候异常的负面经济影响。研究结果支持这样一种假设，即认证提高了调整一些与土地相关的投资的可能性，从而支持了提高适应能力的机制和农业部门的复原力。制度因素可能在支持农民适应气候挑战的能力方面发挥关键作用。
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引用次数: 5
‘Green’ managerial delegation theory “绿色”管理授权理论
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-08-03 DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X21000206
D. Buccella, L. Fanti, L. Gori
Abstract This article develops a non-cooperative game with managerial quantity-setting firms in which owners choose whether to delegate output and abatement decisions to managers through a contract based on emissions (conventionally denoted as ‘green’ delegation, GD) instead of sales (sales delegation, SD), and the government levies an emissions tax to incentivise firms’ emissions-reduction actions. First, it compares the Nash equilibrium outcomes between GD and SD and then contrasts them also with profit maximisation (PM). A plethora of Nash equilibria emerges, especially in the case GD versus PM (the ‘green delegation game’), depending on the public awareness toward environmental quality, ranging from the coordination game to the ‘green’ prisoner's dilemma. Second, though the contract under GD incentivises managers for emissions, the environmental damage is lower than under SD. This is because the optimal tax more than compensates the incentive for emissions. These findings suggest that designing GD contracts paradoxically favours environmental quality.
本文发展了一个非合作博弈，在博弈中，所有者选择是否通过基于排放(通常称为“绿色”委托，GD)而不是基于销售(销售委托，SD)的合同将产出和减排决策委托给管理者，而政府征收排放税以激励企业的减排行动。首先，它比较了GD和SD之间的纳什均衡结果，然后将它们与利润最大化(PM)进行了对比。根据公众对环境质量的意识，从协调博弈到“绿色”囚徒困境，出现了大量的纳什均衡，特别是在GD vs PM的情况下(“绿色委托博弈”)。其次，尽管GD模式下的合同激励管理者排放，但环境损害低于SD模式。这是因为最优税收不仅补偿了对排放的激励。这些发现表明，设计gdp契约自相矛盾地有利于环境质量。
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引用次数: 7
EDE volume 26 issue 4 Cover and Front matter EDE第26卷第4期封面和封面问题
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1355770x21000188
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引用次数: 0
How can we improve air pollution? Try increasing trust first 我们如何改善空气污染?先试着增加信任
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X2100036X
B. Hoffmann, Carlos Scartascini, Fernando G. Cafferata
Abstract Environmental policies are characterized by salient short-term costs and long-term benefits that are difficult to observe and to attribute to the government's efforts. These characteristics imply that citizens’ support for environmental policies is highly dependent on their trust in the government's capability to implement solutions and commitment to investments in those policies. Using novel survey data from Mexico City, we show that trust in the government is positively correlated with citizens’ willingness to support an additional tax approximately equal to a day's minimum wage to improve air quality and greater preference for government retention of revenues from fees collected from polluting firms. We find similar correlations using the perceived quality of public goods as a measure of government competence. These results provide evidence that mistrust can be an obstacle to better environmental outcomes.
摘要环境政策的特点是短期成本和长期效益显著，难以观察到，也难以归因于政府的努力。这些特征意味着，公民对环境政策的支持在很大程度上取决于他们对政府实施解决方案的能力的信任以及对这些政策投资的承诺。利用墨西哥城的最新调查数据，我们发现，对政府的信任与公民支持征收大约相当于一天最低工资的额外税收以改善空气质量的意愿呈正相关，以及更倾向于政府保留从污染企业收取的费用收入。我们使用公共产品的感知质量作为政府能力的衡量标准，发现了类似的相关性。这些结果提供了证据，证明不信任可能成为改善环境结果的障碍。
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引用次数: 1
EDE volume 26 issue 4 Cover and Back matter EDE第26卷第4期封面和封底
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1355770x2100019x
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引用次数: 0
Barren Lives: drought shocks and agricultural vulnerability in the Brazilian Semi-Arid - Corrigendum 贫瘠的生命：巴西半干旱地区的干旱冲击和农业脆弱性-勘误表
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.1017/s1355770x21000255
Lucas Costa, A. Sant’Anna, C. E. Young
This paper studies the effects of drought shocks in a vulnerable environment – the Brazilian Semi-Arid. We analyze the impact of drought shocks, measured as deviations from long-run historical averages, on agricultural outcomes in a region that suffers recurrently from drought. After controlling for municipality and year fixed effects, we use weather shocks to exactly identify outcomes. Our benchmark results show substantial effects on the loss of crop area and on the value of agricultural output, as well as on crop yields. As we investigate distributional effects, our results show that crops related to familiar agriculture suffer more from drought shocks. We follow our investigation by testing heterogeneity effects and show that adequate water provision and maintenance of forest cover help in reducing the impact of drought shocks.
本文研究了巴西半干旱地区脆弱环境中干旱冲击的影响。我们分析了干旱冲击对一个反复遭受干旱的地区农业成果的影响，以与长期历史平均值的偏差来衡量。在控制了市政和年份固定影响后，我们使用天气冲击来准确确定结果。我们的基准结果显示，这对作物面积损失、农业产出价值以及作物产量产生了重大影响。当我们调查分布效应时，我们的结果表明，与常见农业相关的作物更容易受到干旱冲击。我们通过测试异质性效应来跟踪我们的调查，并表明充足的水供应和森林覆盖的维持有助于减少干旱冲击的影响。
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引用次数: 3
Barren lives: drought shocks and agricultural vulnerability in the Brazilian Semi-Arid 贫瘠的生活:巴西半干旱地区的干旱冲击和农业脆弱性
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.1017/s1355770x21000176
Lucas Costa, André Albuquerque Sant'Anna, Carlos Eduardo Frickmann Young

This paper studies the effects of drought shocks in a vulnerable environment – the Brazilian Semi-Arid. We analyze the impact of drought shocks, measured as deviations from long-run historical averages, on agricultural outcomes in a region that suffers recurrently from drought. After controlling for municipality and year fixed effects, we use weather shocks to exactly identify outcomes. Our benchmark results show substantial effects on the loss of crop area and on the value of agricultural output, as well as on crop yields. As we investigate distributional effects, our results show that crops related to familiar agriculture suffer more from drought shocks. We follow our investigation by testing heterogeneity effects and show that adequate water provision and maintenance of forest cover help in reducing the impact of drought shocks.

本文研究了干旱冲击对脆弱环境——巴西半干旱地区的影响。我们分析了干旱冲击对一个经常遭受干旱的地区的农业产出的影响，以与长期历史平均水平的偏差来衡量。在控制了城市和年份固定效应后，我们使用天气冲击来准确识别结果。我们的基准结果显示，对作物面积损失、农业产出价值以及作物产量都有重大影响。当我们调查分布效应时，我们的结果表明，与常见农业相关的作物更容易受到干旱冲击。通过检验异质性效应，我们进一步证实了充足的水分供应和森林覆盖的维持有助于减少干旱冲击的影响。
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引用次数: 5
Air pollution trade-offs in developing countries: an empirical model of health effects in Goa, India 发展中国家的空气污染权衡：印度果阿健康影响的实证模型
IF 2.1 4区 经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS
Environment and Development Economics
Pub Date : 2021-06-11 DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X21000152
Sanghamitra Das, V. Dayal, A. Murugesan, U. Rajarathnam
Abstract Developing countries experience both household air pollution resulting from the use of biomass fuels for cooking and industrial air pollution. We conceptualise and estimate simultaneous exposure to both outdoor and household air pollution by adapting the Total Exposure Assessment model from environmental health sciences. To study the relationship between total exposure and health, we collected comprehensive data from a region (Goa) in India that had extensive mining activity. Our data allowed us to apportion individuals’ exposure to pollution in micro-environments: indoor, outdoor, kitchen, and at work. We find that higher cumulative exposure to air pollution is positively associated with both self-reported and clinically- diagnosed respiratory health issues. Households in regions with higher economic (mining) activity had higher incomes and had switched to cleaner cooking fuels. In other words, household air pollution due to higher biomass use had been substituted away for outdoor air pollution in regions with economic activity.
摘要发展中国家既经历了使用生物质燃料做饭造成的家庭空气污染，也经历了工业空气污染。我们通过改编环境健康科学的总暴露评估模型，对同时暴露于室外和家庭空气污染进行了概念化和估计。为了研究总暴露量与健康之间的关系，我们从印度一个有广泛采矿活动的地区（果阿）收集了全面的数据。我们的数据使我们能够估计个人在室内、室外、厨房和工作中暴露于污染的情况。我们发现，更高的空气污染累积暴露与自我报告和临床诊断的呼吸系统健康问题呈正相关。经济（采矿）活动较高地区的家庭收入较高，并已改用更清洁的烹饪燃料。换句话说，在有经济活动的地区，由于生物质使用量增加而造成的家庭空气污染已经取代了室外空气污染。
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