Spatial planning plays a crucial role in shaping the future of urban development and land administration. While land registration information is necessary for spatial planning processes, it is also probable that changes in land registration data occur in line with spatial plan decisions. Development of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Edition II It also aimed to extend its existing conceptual model with spatial plan data, considering the close connection between the two systems. The study aims to design a conceptual model for Turkey's spatial planning system within the LADM Turkey country profile context. This article researches the capability of the proposed conceptual model for representing spatial planning data with instance‐level diagrams and the implementation opportunities of a technical model. To demonstrate the functionality of the proposed model, the zoning status certificate, which contains spatial plan and land registration data and is provided to inform about the legal conditions before development, is chosen as the mission. The results show that the LADM Turkey country profile extended with spatial planning system data can represent spatial plan data and be implemented in a technical model to support land administration applications.
{"title":"Applicability of spatial planning system package for the LADM Turkey country profile","authors":"Okan Yılmaz, Mehmet Alkan","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13165","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial planning plays a crucial role in shaping the future of urban development and land administration. While land registration information is necessary for spatial planning processes, it is also probable that changes in land registration data occur in line with spatial plan decisions. Development of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Edition II It also aimed to extend its existing conceptual model with spatial plan data, considering the close connection between the two systems. The study aims to design a conceptual model for Turkey's spatial planning system within the LADM Turkey country profile context. This article researches the capability of the proposed conceptual model for representing spatial planning data with instance‐level diagrams and the implementation opportunities of a technical model. To demonstrate the functionality of the proposed model, the zoning status certificate, which contains spatial plan and land registration data and is provided to inform about the legal conditions before development, is chosen as the mission. The results show that the LADM Turkey country profile extended with spatial planning system data can represent spatial plan data and be implemented in a technical model to support land administration applications.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140603018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pankajeshwara Sharma, Michael Martin, David Swanlund, Cecilia Latham, Dean Anderson, Waitangi Wood
Indigenous peoples should be able to govern data about themselves, their territories, resources, and ways of life, collected by themselves or others. However, the progressive use of cloud computing for the geoweb raises data security and privacy concerns. We propose a complete and trustless approach for indigenous geospatial data sovereignty on the cloud by furnishing security functions at the core—the web browser. Geomasking permits sharing an anonymized dataset with less privileged users, while the original is protected and shared with sovereign data owners via public‐key encryption. The encrypted dataset's hash value is notarized on the blockchain for the verification of its authenticity when on the cloud. The application was designed for the protection of Biodiversity Management Areas stewarded by the Māori people in Aotearoa New Zealand. It enables diversified functions of geospatial data protection compared with previous works focusing on the cloud by solving data‐sharing problems without relying on a third party.
{"title":"A cloud‐based solution for trustless indigenous data sovereignty: Protecting Māori biodiversity management data in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Pankajeshwara Sharma, Michael Martin, David Swanlund, Cecilia Latham, Dean Anderson, Waitangi Wood","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13153","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous peoples should be able to govern data about themselves, their territories, resources, and ways of life, collected by themselves or others. However, the progressive use of cloud computing for the geoweb raises data security and privacy concerns. We propose a complete and trustless approach for indigenous geospatial data sovereignty on the cloud by furnishing security functions at the core—the web browser. Geomasking permits sharing an anonymized dataset with less privileged users, while the original is protected and shared with sovereign data owners via public‐key encryption. The encrypted dataset's hash value is notarized on the blockchain for the verification of its authenticity when on the cloud. The application was designed for the protection of Biodiversity Management Areas stewarded by the Māori people in Aotearoa New Zealand. It enables diversified functions of geospatial data protection compared with previous works focusing on the cloud by solving data‐sharing problems without relying on a third party.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Wöltche, A. (<span>2023</span>). Open source map matching with Markov decision processes: A new method and a detailed benchmark with existing approaches. <i>Transactions in GIS</i>, <i>27</i>, 1959–1991. https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13107</p> <div>The numbering of the list on pages 1960 to 1961 in the Introduction is incorrect. The correct numbering of this list is stated below. <ul> <li><span>1.1 </span>Explains the terms we use in the remainder of this work.</li> <li><span>1.2 </span>Illustrates the main challenges of map matching.</li> <li><span>1.3 </span>Provides an overview of relevant literature and state-of-the-art Open Source Software (OSS).</li> <li><span>1.4 </span>Introduces our novel approach and displays the challenges we specifically address.</li> <li><span>1.5 </span>Gives a real-world example of how the current state-of-the-art compares to our new approach, which we describe as follows.</li> <li><span>2 </span>Gives the technology roadmap and explains our new approach, that is, a combination of several new and improved technologies:</li> <li><span>2.1 </span>Introduces our custom Trajectory Simplification (TS) algorithm that is used for FCD preprocessing. We combine a customized Douglas-Peucker algorithm with a custom point-cluster-merging algorithm to reduce simple noise patterns before actual map matching to improve performance.</li> <li><span>2.2 </span>Explains Candidate Search (CS), which is used to select possible mapping locations in the given road network for a given track. CS selects a candidate set for each point in a track by pointing to spatially nearby road locations (candidates). From each pair of adjacent candidate sets, one candidate is chosen so that a route between them (candidate route) can be computed.</li> <li><span>2.3 </span>Introduces our novel Candidate Adoption (CA) feature that depends on CS. It takes into account for each candidate set additional candidates from the surrounding candidate sets. This allows our map-matching algorithm to stochastically handle even large outliers and high noise of tracks in order to further improve accuracy.</li> <li><span>2.4 </span>Introduces our new comparison algorithm that allows to extract and evaluate the differences and similarities of alternative routes within the same road network, for example, matches to a given ground truth. With its ability to handle small inaccuracies between the given data, this algorithm is used in our benchmark for comparing the results of our new approach with existing solutions.</li> <li><span>2.5 </span>Introduces our new map-matching model based on Markov decision processes (MDPs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. The MDP uses absolute rewards for optimizing map-matching solutions. These rewards are calculated with our new map-matching metrics which evaluate direction changes on the candidate routes in addition to distances and lengths between track segments and candidate routes. Direction changes facilitate CA to penalize
{"title":"Correction to ‘Open source map matching with Markov decision processes: A new method and a detailed benchmark with existing approaches’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13162","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wöltche, A. (<span>2023</span>). Open source map matching with Markov decision processes: A new method and a detailed benchmark with existing approaches. <i>Transactions in GIS</i>, <i>27</i>, 1959–1991. https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13107</p>\u0000<div>The numbering of the list on pages 1960 to 1961 in the Introduction is incorrect. The correct numbering of this list is stated below. <ul>\u0000<li><span>1.1 </span>Explains the terms we use in the remainder of this work.</li>\u0000<li><span>1.2 </span>Illustrates the main challenges of map matching.</li>\u0000<li><span>1.3 </span>Provides an overview of relevant literature and state-of-the-art Open Source Software (OSS).</li>\u0000<li><span>1.4 </span>Introduces our novel approach and displays the challenges we specifically address.</li>\u0000<li><span>1.5 </span>Gives a real-world example of how the current state-of-the-art compares to our new approach, which we describe as follows.</li>\u0000<li><span>2 </span>Gives the technology roadmap and explains our new approach, that is, a combination of several new and improved technologies:</li>\u0000<li><span>2.1 </span>Introduces our custom Trajectory Simplification (TS) algorithm that is used for FCD preprocessing. We combine a customized Douglas-Peucker algorithm with a custom point-cluster-merging algorithm to reduce simple noise patterns before actual map matching to improve performance.</li>\u0000<li><span>2.2 </span>Explains Candidate Search (CS), which is used to select possible mapping locations in the given road network for a given track. CS selects a candidate set for each point in a track by pointing to spatially nearby road locations (candidates). From each pair of adjacent candidate sets, one candidate is chosen so that a route between them (candidate route) can be computed.</li>\u0000<li><span>2.3 </span>Introduces our novel Candidate Adoption (CA) feature that depends on CS. It takes into account for each candidate set additional candidates from the surrounding candidate sets. This allows our map-matching algorithm to stochastically handle even large outliers and high noise of tracks in order to further improve accuracy.</li>\u0000<li><span>2.4 </span>Introduces our new comparison algorithm that allows to extract and evaluate the differences and similarities of alternative routes within the same road network, for example, matches to a given ground truth. With its ability to handle small inaccuracies between the given data, this algorithm is used in our benchmark for comparing the results of our new approach with existing solutions.</li>\u0000<li><span>2.5 </span>Introduces our new map-matching model based on Markov decision processes (MDPs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. The MDP uses absolute rewards for optimizing map-matching solutions. These rewards are calculated with our new map-matching metrics which evaluate direction changes on the candidate routes in addition to distances and lengths between track segments and candidate routes. Direction changes facilitate CA to penalize","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anang Wahyu Sejati, Savira Nur Afifah Kusuma Putri, Imam Buchori, Walter Timo de Vries, Ghiffari Barbarossa, Candra Margarena, Chely Novia Bramiana
This article aims to present an integration model of GIS with open data sourced from application programming interface (API) as a solution for the location set covering problem (LSCP) with an urban land dynamics model. The development of GIS which is increasingly advanced makes traditional GIS transition in the open data era to become more modern. One of the benefits is to help urban planners in determining the allocation of health facilities such as hospitals. This research takes the case of hospital service coverage during emergencies, especially during the COVID‐19 extraordinary event in Metropolitan Semarang, Indonesia. In addition to utilizing API‐base Location, the model process also uses a Cellular Automata‐based land use prediction model. Thus, the facility location plan not only considers service coverage but also land use growth which is a reflection of population growth. To analyze the problem of inequity of hospital services, this research combined the location‐based APIs‐based service area model with the urban growth model to evaluate the existing condition and predict the future of hospital service demand. It also uses the emergency standard with a maximum service distance of 1500 m and a maximum travel time of 7 min. The model confirmed that there are still critical spots not served by hospitals in Semarang City. According to the concept of health and place, it is essential to recommend adding two hospitals in unserved areas so that services are more evenly distributed in the future, especially in emergencies.
{"title":"The integration of GIS location‐based APIs and urban growth modeling for improved geographic access to hospital services","authors":"Anang Wahyu Sejati, Savira Nur Afifah Kusuma Putri, Imam Buchori, Walter Timo de Vries, Ghiffari Barbarossa, Candra Margarena, Chely Novia Bramiana","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13158","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to present an integration model of GIS with open data sourced from application programming interface (API) as a solution for the location set covering problem (LSCP) with an urban land dynamics model. The development of GIS which is increasingly advanced makes traditional GIS transition in the open data era to become more modern. One of the benefits is to help urban planners in determining the allocation of health facilities such as hospitals. This research takes the case of hospital service coverage during emergencies, especially during the COVID‐19 extraordinary event in Metropolitan Semarang, Indonesia. In addition to utilizing API‐base Location, the model process also uses a Cellular Automata‐based land use prediction model. Thus, the facility location plan not only considers service coverage but also land use growth which is a reflection of population growth. To analyze the problem of inequity of hospital services, this research combined the location‐based APIs‐based service area model with the urban growth model to evaluate the existing condition and predict the future of hospital service demand. It also uses the emergency standard with a maximum service distance of 1500 m and a maximum travel time of 7 min. The model confirmed that there are still critical spots not served by hospitals in Semarang City. According to the concept of health and place, it is essential to recommend adding two hospitals in unserved areas so that services are more evenly distributed in the future, especially in emergencies.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuaikang Liu, Liming Zhang, Tao Tan, Lei Wang, Pengbin Wang, Ziyi Zhang, Mingwang Zhang
Existing copyright protection schemes for 3D models of oblique photography predominantly utilize digital watermarking technology, most of which suffer from shortcomings such as the potential false accusation of legitimate users and the inability to effectively trace unauthorized distributors. In response to these challenges, this article proposes a homomorphic encryption domain asymmetric fingerprinting scheme for 3D models of oblique photography. Initially, the fingerprints to be embedded are collaboratively generated by the transacting parties, with the publisher remaining unaware of the user's actual fingerprint. This approach ensures the effective implementation of the asymmetric nature of the fingerprinting scheme. Subsequently, potential geometric and non‐geometric attacks are considered prior to fingerprint embedding. Robustness is enhanced for the proposed solution through relative coordinate transformations and normalization procedures. Ultimately, the embedding and extraction of fingerprints are achieved through the application of an effective bit parity check method, in conjunction with the vertex‐paradigm projection length mapping mechanism and the Paillier homomorphic encryption system, minimizing embedding distortion while ensuring data security. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution exhibits satisfying robustness against common manipulations, such as cropping, simplification, and geometric attacks. Additionally, the scheme effectively safeguards legitimate users from false accusations and accurately traces maliciously authorized users.
{"title":"Homomorphic encryption domain asymmetric fingerprinting scheme for 3D models of oblique photography","authors":"Shuaikang Liu, Liming Zhang, Tao Tan, Lei Wang, Pengbin Wang, Ziyi Zhang, Mingwang Zhang","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13160","url":null,"abstract":"Existing copyright protection schemes for 3D models of oblique photography predominantly utilize digital watermarking technology, most of which suffer from shortcomings such as the potential false accusation of legitimate users and the inability to effectively trace unauthorized distributors. In response to these challenges, this article proposes a homomorphic encryption domain asymmetric fingerprinting scheme for 3D models of oblique photography. Initially, the fingerprints to be embedded are collaboratively generated by the transacting parties, with the publisher remaining unaware of the user's actual fingerprint. This approach ensures the effective implementation of the asymmetric nature of the fingerprinting scheme. Subsequently, potential geometric and non‐geometric attacks are considered prior to fingerprint embedding. Robustness is enhanced for the proposed solution through relative coordinate transformations and normalization procedures. Ultimately, the embedding and extraction of fingerprints are achieved through the application of an effective bit parity check method, in conjunction with the vertex‐paradigm projection length mapping mechanism and the Paillier homomorphic encryption system, minimizing embedding distortion while ensuring data security. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed solution exhibits satisfying robustness against common manipulations, such as cropping, simplification, and geometric attacks. Additionally, the scheme effectively safeguards legitimate users from false accusations and accurately traces maliciously authorized users.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dependable land cover data are required to aid in the resolution of a broad spectrum of environmental issues. Land cover classification at a broad scale has been carried out using data from traditional ground‐based information from the Advanced Very High‐Resolution Radiometer. From the merits as well as demerits of the existing works discussed in the literature, this article seeks to establish a novel technique for automatic, fast, as well as precise land cover classification deploying remote sensing data. The proposed approach follows feature extraction and classification stages. From input information, the statistical characteristics are extracted as well as they are subjected to classification via optimized deep convolutional neural network. Particularly, the convolutional layers are optimized for by means of a new Proposed Lion Algorithm with a new Cub pool Update (PLACU) approach. The established model is the advanced level of the standard lion algorithm. The superiority of the established technique is determined by the extant techniques regarding positive and negative metrics. The accuracy of the work that is being presented (PLACU) is superior to the existing methods like Dragonfly algorithm, Jaya algorithm, sea lion optimization, and lion algorithm techniques by 20%, 15%, 112%, and 10%, respectively.
{"title":"Optimized convolutional neural network for land cover classification via improved lion algorithm","authors":"Anusha Preetham, Sumit Vyas, Manoj Kumar, Sanjay Nakharu Prasad Kumar","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13150","url":null,"abstract":"Dependable land cover data are required to aid in the resolution of a broad spectrum of environmental issues. Land cover classification at a broad scale has been carried out using data from traditional ground‐based information from the Advanced Very High‐Resolution Radiometer. From the merits as well as demerits of the existing works discussed in the literature, this article seeks to establish a novel technique for automatic, fast, as well as precise land cover classification deploying remote sensing data. The proposed approach follows feature extraction and classification stages. From input information, the statistical characteristics are extracted as well as they are subjected to classification via optimized deep convolutional neural network. Particularly, the convolutional layers are optimized for by means of a new Proposed Lion Algorithm with a new Cub pool Update (PLACU) approach. The established model is the advanced level of the standard lion algorithm. The superiority of the established technique is determined by the extant techniques regarding positive and negative metrics. The accuracy of the work that is being presented (PLACU) is superior to the existing methods like Dragonfly algorithm, Jaya algorithm, sea lion optimization, and lion algorithm techniques by 20%, 15%, 112%, and 10%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Terrain parameters describe the morphological characteristics of a surface and are an important part of the application of geoscience. At present, there is still a lack of scientific and systematic research on the associations among terrain parameters. In this article, 14 representative terrain parameters are selected to explore their spatial association relationships by using the quantification methods of linear correlation degree, distribution similarity and influence degree. Then, we discuss the effects of the digital elevation model (DEM) cell size and landform region on the associations among terrain parameters. Furthermore, the mechanism of the association relationships among terrain parameters is also analyzed to achieve a better understanding of terrain analysis. This study revealed that the similarity in calculation methods, the derivation of terrain parameters from other parameters, the geographic significance of representations, and the characteristics and appearances of landforms are significant factors contributing to the associations of terrain parameters. The terrain parameters with strong associations remained stable with changes in cell size and landform region. However, terrain parameters with weak associations significantly respond to this variety of factors. We quantify the associations among terrain parameters, provide a new perspective for examining the associations among terrain parameters, and provide guidance for the selection of terrain parameters in geoscience research.
{"title":"Quantifying the spatial associations among terrain parameters from digital elevation models","authors":"Yutao Zhong, Liyang Xiong, Yumeng Zhou, Guoan Tang","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13157","url":null,"abstract":"Terrain parameters describe the morphological characteristics of a surface and are an important part of the application of geoscience. At present, there is still a lack of scientific and systematic research on the associations among terrain parameters. In this article, 14 representative terrain parameters are selected to explore their spatial association relationships by using the quantification methods of linear correlation degree, distribution similarity and influence degree. Then, we discuss the effects of the digital elevation model (DEM) cell size and landform region on the associations among terrain parameters. Furthermore, the mechanism of the association relationships among terrain parameters is also analyzed to achieve a better understanding of terrain analysis. This study revealed that the similarity in calculation methods, the derivation of terrain parameters from other parameters, the geographic significance of representations, and the characteristics and appearances of landforms are significant factors contributing to the associations of terrain parameters. The terrain parameters with strong associations remained stable with changes in cell size and landform region. However, terrain parameters with weak associations significantly respond to this variety of factors. We quantify the associations among terrain parameters, provide a new perspective for examining the associations among terrain parameters, and provide guidance for the selection of terrain parameters in geoscience research.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140172904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keyi Shen, Ye Tian, Bisong Hu, Jin Luo, Shuhua Qi, Songli Chen, Hui Lin
Predicting air pollution is complex due to intertwined factors among local climate, built environment, and development stages. This study leverages K‐means clustering and an improved Apriori algorithm to investigate the combined effects of local meteorological, morphological, and socioeconomic factors on air quality in 244 prefectural‐level Chinese cities. Results reveal that the secondary industry in GDP and saturation vapor pressure strongly relate to air quality. Severe air pollution occurs when urban development is coupled with reduced green areas and high temperatures, confirming that a single factor cannot predict air quality well. For example, we find that combining low population, low regional GDP, high maximum temperatures, and longer roads worsens air quality in small urban built‐up areas. Additionally, temperature and altitude differences associate with highway passenger volume, regional GDP, and population differently. Given our rules mining methods have broader applications in diversified urban environments, this study provides new insights for improving air quality and local Sustainable Development Goals.
由于当地气候、建筑环境和发展阶段等因素相互交织，预测空气污染非常复杂。本研究利用 K 均值聚类和改进的 Apriori 算法，研究了当地气象、形态和社会经济因素对中国 244 个地级市空气质量的综合影响。结果显示，GDP 中的第二产业和饱和蒸汽压与空气质量密切相关。当城市发展与绿地面积减少和气温升高相结合时，就会出现严重的空气污染，这证明单一因素不能很好地预测空气质量。例如，我们发现人口少、地区 GDP 低、最高气温高、道路长等因素结合在一起，会使小城市建成区的空气质量恶化。此外，温度和海拔差异与公路客运量、地区 GDP 和人口的关系也不同。鉴于我们的规则挖掘方法可广泛应用于多样化的城市环境，本研究为改善空气质量和实现地方可持续发展目标提供了新的见解。
{"title":"Association rule mining of air quality through an improved Apriori algorithm: A case study in 244 Chinese cities","authors":"Keyi Shen, Ye Tian, Bisong Hu, Jin Luo, Shuhua Qi, Songli Chen, Hui Lin","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13156","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting air pollution is complex due to intertwined factors among local climate, built environment, and development stages. This study leverages K‐means clustering and an improved Apriori algorithm to investigate the combined effects of local meteorological, morphological, and socioeconomic factors on air quality in 244 prefectural‐level Chinese cities. Results reveal that the secondary industry in GDP and saturation vapor pressure strongly relate to air quality. Severe air pollution occurs when urban development is coupled with reduced green areas and high temperatures, confirming that a single factor cannot predict air quality well. For example, we find that combining low population, low regional GDP, high maximum temperatures, and longer roads worsens air quality in small urban built‐up areas. Additionally, temperature and altitude differences associate with highway passenger volume, regional GDP, and population differently. Given our rules mining methods have broader applications in diversified urban environments, this study provides new insights for improving air quality and local Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of a location's irreplaceability pertains to its unique characteristics that make it challenging for other locations to replace in terms of providing services and meeting needs. While scholars have shown great enthusiasm for studying location irreplaceability, accurately measuring it and understanding the effects of urban form have not been thoroughly explored through empirical research. This study selects Shenzhen, China, as the study area. First, the I‐index, which focuses on geographic flow, is utilized to measure the location's irreplaceability using mobile phone data. Subsequently, the factors related to urban form are analyzed from the perspectives of demography, building capacity, public services, and the location's conditions. Finally, a geographically and temporally weighted regression model (GTWR) is constructed to explore the spatiotemporal relationships between irreplaceability and urban form. The study demonstrates that the I‐index, considering flow volume and distance, can effectively measure the location's irreplaceability. The results of GTWR indicate that the location's irreplaceability and its influencing factors exhibit spatiotemporal heterogeneity. This study advances our understanding of the relationships between location irreplaceability and urban form both conceptually and methodologically. The findings have practical implications for urban design and planning, including urban space optimization, facility equity, and the alleviation of traffic congestion.
区位不可替代性的概念是指一个区位在提供服务和满足需求方面具有其他区位无法取代的独特性。尽管学者们对研究区位不可替代性表现出了极大的热情，但对其进行精确测量并理解城市形态的影响，还没有通过实证研究进行深入探讨。本研究选择中国深圳作为研究区域。首先，利用手机数据，采用以地理流量为核心的 I 指数来衡量区位的不可替代性。随后，从人口、建筑容量、公共服务和区位条件等角度分析了与城市形态相关的因素。最后，构建了一个地理和时间加权回归模型（GTWR），以探讨不可替代性与城市形态之间的时空关系。研究表明，考虑流量和距离的 I 指数可以有效地衡量地点的不可替代性。GTWR 的结果表明，地点的不可替代性及其影响因素呈现出时空异质性。这项研究从概念和方法上推进了我们对区位不可替代性与城市形态之间关系的理解。研究结果对城市设计和规划具有实际意义，包括城市空间优化、设施公平和缓解交通拥堵。
{"title":"Unraveling the impact of urban form on location's irreplaceability: An analysis from the perspective of spatiotemporal heterogeneity","authors":"Chao Wu, Fanzong Gao, Xinyue Ye, Qingsong He","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13154","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a location's irreplaceability pertains to its unique characteristics that make it challenging for other locations to replace in terms of providing services and meeting needs. While scholars have shown great enthusiasm for studying location irreplaceability, accurately measuring it and understanding the effects of urban form have not been thoroughly explored through empirical research. This study selects Shenzhen, China, as the study area. First, the <jats:italic>I</jats:italic>‐index, which focuses on geographic flow, is utilized to measure the location's irreplaceability using mobile phone data. Subsequently, the factors related to urban form are analyzed from the perspectives of demography, building capacity, public services, and the location's conditions. Finally, a geographically and temporally weighted regression model (GTWR) is constructed to explore the spatiotemporal relationships between irreplaceability and urban form. The study demonstrates that the <jats:italic>I</jats:italic>‐index, considering flow volume and distance, can effectively measure the location's irreplaceability. The results of GTWR indicate that the location's irreplaceability and its influencing factors exhibit spatiotemporal heterogeneity. This study advances our understanding of the relationships between location irreplaceability and urban form both conceptually and methodologically. The findings have practical implications for urban design and planning, including urban space optimization, facility equity, and the alleviation of traffic congestion.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140115376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuxin Ji, Yiran Wang, Yuxiang Wei, Jihua Wang, Wei Yan
Building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) are often integrated to achieve more refined urban management. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) are widely used standards in BIM and GIS. The main problem of the transformation of these two standards lies in the gap between them in geometry and semantics. This article introduces an ontology-based rule mapping approach, achieving the transformation from IFC to CityGML through coordinate system conversion, geometric expression conversion, and semantic mapping. For semantic mapping, we have designed and established rules, enabling the effective mapping of the IFC model to the CityGML level of detail 0 (LOD0) to LOD4 model based on entities, appearance properties and building properties. To fully demonstrate the entire process, we give a detailed elaboration of the conversion of several IFC models.
{"title":"An ontology-based rule mapping approach for integrating IFC and CityGML","authors":"Yuxin Ji, Yiran Wang, Yuxiang Wei, Jihua Wang, Wei Yan","doi":"10.1111/tgis.13155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.13155","url":null,"abstract":"Building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) are often integrated to achieve more refined urban management. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) are widely used standards in BIM and GIS. The main problem of the transformation of these two standards lies in the gap between them in geometry and semantics. This article introduces an ontology-based rule mapping approach, achieving the transformation from IFC to CityGML through coordinate system conversion, geometric expression conversion, and semantic mapping. For semantic mapping, we have designed and established rules, enabling the effective mapping of the IFC model to the CityGML level of detail 0 (LOD0) to LOD4 model based on entities, appearance properties and building properties. To fully demonstrate the entire process, we give a detailed elaboration of the conversion of several IFC models.","PeriodicalId":47842,"journal":{"name":"Transactions in GIS","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140107320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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