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Twelfth annual meeting of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution 欧洲人类进化研究学会第十二届年会
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21973
Julia Zastrow, Simona Affinito, Gregor D. Bader, Susan M. Mentzer
After an unintentional 2‐year hiatus, the annual conference of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE) finally took place again in person. Hosted by the University of Tübingen (Germany), the conference was held at the Neue Aula, an historic building of the University, from the September 22 to 24, 2022. A total of 35 podium presentations, 33 Pecha Kucha presentations, and 120 posters covering a variety of interdisciplinary research topics were presented to over 200 registered attendees. Both the Podium and Pecha Kucha presentations were streamed to remote members online. Before the official start of the meeting, the research center, “The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans” (ROCEEH) sponsored an introductory workshop to introduce the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD). As in previous years, ESHE was able to support several student travel grants and provided childcare for the duration of the conference.
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引用次数: 0
A sensitive and open-mind genetic perspective on the origin and history of Native Americans Jennifer, Raff Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas(2022) New York, USA: Twelve, Hachette Book Group. ISBN 978-1-53874-971-5, $30.00. Hardcover. 对美洲原住民起源和历史的敏感和开放的遗传学视角詹妮弗,《拉夫起源:美洲遗传学史》(2022),美国纽约:十二,哈切特图书集团。978-1-53874-971-5亿英镑,30.00美元。精装本
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21975
Lumila Paula Menéndez
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引用次数: 0
The eighth annual Northeastern Evolutionary Primatologists (NEEP) meeting 第八届东北进化灵长类动物学家年会
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21974
Thomas C. Wilson
The eighth annual Northeastern Evolutionary Primatologists (NEEP) meeting was hosted by The State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY Buffalo) from November 4th to November 5th, 2022. Upholding NEEP's philosophy of supporting young scholars, most of the research presented came from undergraduate and graduate students, as well as early career scientists. To kick off the conference, Stephanie Poindexter (SUNY Buffalo) introduced this year's keynote speaker, Dr. Kate McGrath (SUNY Oneonta). McGrath's talk, “What can teeth and bones tell us about stress? 3D studies of our fossil ancestors and primate relatives” was centered around McGrath's dissertation work and her current research on how stress events can be detected within teeth (and other hard tissues). The first half of her talk focused on how early stress events can affect canines, but more importantly how the presence of a linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) can be indicative of a wide variety of stressors such as infections, malnutrition, weaning, psychosocial stress, and so on. To better understand this issue within primates, McGrath investigated LEHs in mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei). Her results revealed that when compared to the other great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans) mountain gorillas not only exhibit faster growth rates in their teeth, but also exhibit shallower LEH defects and angles in enamel. McGrath argued that these findings suggest that enamel growth variation influences enamel defect depth, but stress severity may better explain outliers. McGrath further proposed that this may be evidence to support the idea that Neanderthal teeth grew faster than modern anatomical humans because Neanderthal teeth exhibit shallower defects and angles. The second part of McGrath's talk focused on facial asymmetry and if it is a good indicator of early life stress. To better understand this potential correlation, McGrath yet again used mountain gorillas as her research species. She proposed that facial asymmetry seems to be heavily influenced by inbreeding and less so diet‐related effects, highlighting that all gorilla subspecies have become more asymmetrical over time. Moving forward, McGrath is interested in testing these theories in other fossil ancestors and hopes to collaborate with geneticists to further our understanding of the relationship between bone and early‐life stress events. 2 | PODIUM SESSIONS
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引用次数: 0
The Australopithecus assemblage from Sterkfontein Member 4 (South Africa) and the concept of variation in palaeontology 南非Sterkfontein第4段的南方古猿组合与古生物学变异概念
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21972
Amélie Beaudet

Interpreting morphological variation within the early hominin fossil record is particularly challenging. Apart from the fact that there is no absolute threshold for defining species boundaries in palaeontology, the degree of variation related to sexual dimorphism, temporal depth, geographic variation or ontogeny is difficult to appreciate in a fossil taxon mainly represented by fragmentary specimens, and such variation could easily be conflated with taxonomic diversity. One of the most emblematic examples in paleoanthropology is the Australopithecus assemblage from the Sterkfontein Caves in South Africa. Whereas some studies support the presence of multiple Australopithecus species at Sterkfontein, others explore alternative hypotheses to explain the morphological variation within the hominin assemblage. In this review, I briefly summarize the ongoing debates surrounding the interpretation of morphological variation at Sterkfontein Member 4 before exploring two promising avenues that would deserve specific attention in the future, that is, temporal depth and nonhuman primate diversity.

解释早期人类化石记录中的形态变化尤其具有挑战性。除了在古生物学中没有定义物种边界的绝对阈值外,在一个主要以碎片标本为代表的化石分类单元中,与两性二态性、时间深度、地理变异或个体发生有关的变异程度难以评估,而且这种变异很容易与分类多样性混为一谈。古人类学中最具代表性的例子之一是来自南非斯特克方丹洞穴的南方古猿组合。尽管一些研究支持在Sterkfontein存在多个南方古猿物种,但其他研究则探索了其他假说来解释古人类组合中的形态变化。在这篇综述中,我简要地总结了围绕Sterkfontein Member 4形态变异解释的持续争论,然后探索了未来值得特别关注的两个有希望的途径,即时间深度和非人灵长类动物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
The sensory ecology of primate food perception, revisited 灵长类动物食物感知的感觉生态学,重新审视
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21967
Carrie C. Veilleux, Nathaniel J. Dominy, Amanda D. Melin

Twenty years ago, Dominy and colleagues published “The sensory ecology of primate food perception,” an impactful review that brought new perspectives to understanding primate foraging adaptations. Their review synthesized information on primate senses and explored how senses informed feeding behavior. Research on primate sensory ecology has seen explosive growth in the last two decades. Here, we revisit this important topic, focusing on the numerous new discoveries and lines of innovative research. We begin by reviewing each of the five traditionally recognized senses involved in foraging: audition, olfaction, vision, touch, and taste. For each sense, we provide an overview of sensory function and comparative ecology, comment on the state of knowledge at the time of the original review, and highlight advancements and lingering gaps in knowledge. Next, we provide an outline for creative, multidisciplinary, and innovative future research programs that we anticipate will generate exciting new discoveries in the next two decades.

20年前,多米尼和他的同事发表了《灵长类动物食物感知的感官生态学》,这是一篇影响深远的综述,为理解灵长类动物的觅食适应带来了新的视角。他们的综述综合了灵长类动物感官的信息,并探讨了感官如何影响摄食行为。在过去的二十年里,灵长类动物感官生态学的研究出现了爆炸式的增长。在这里,我们重新审视这个重要的话题,重点关注众多的新发现和创新研究的方向。我们首先回顾五种传统上公认的与觅食有关的感官:听觉、嗅觉、视觉、触觉和味觉。对于每一种感官,我们都提供了感官功能和比较生态学的概述,评论了原始综述时的知识状况,并强调了知识的进步和遗留的差距。接下来,我们为创造性、多学科和创新的未来研究项目提供了一个大纲,我们预计这些项目将在未来二十年产生令人兴奋的新发现。
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引用次数: 6
Kamoya Kimeu (c.1939–2022): Fossil finder and field-worker extraordinaire Kamoya Kimeu(约1939 - 2022):非凡的化石发现者和田野工作者
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-11 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21969
Bernard Wood
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引用次数: 0
Judith Masters 1955–2022 and Fabien Génin 1971–2022 朱迪思·马斯特斯(1955-2022)和法比安·格姆辛(1971-2022)。
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21968
Massimiliano Delpero, Ian Tattersall
In early October 2022 Judith Masters, together with her partner and close collaborator Fabien Génin, died during a robbery of their home in South Africa's Eastern Cape, at the tragically early ages of 67 and 51. This awful random event deprived evolutionary primatology both of a mid‐career researcher reaching the top of his game, and of an established and perennially challenging intellectual presence it was lucky to have and could ill afford to lose. Judith Masters was born in 1955 in the provincial South African port city of East London. She began her academic studies at Natal University in nearby Durban, but rapidly switched to Johannesburg's Witwatersrand University (“Wits”) where she was influenced by the iconoclastic Hugh Patterson, originator of the then‐radical “Recognition Concept” of species. She rapidly gravitated toward the evolutionary and systematic rethinking that was in full ferment at the time, and energetically began applying the new perspective to the nocturnal bushbabies that are widely distributed across the African continent. In rapidly becoming South Africa's premier expert on these strepsirhine primates, she opened the door for them to be viewed not as marginalized relicts of the past, but as a thriving and diversifying division of the primate order: an achievement in which she took great satisfaction. When she began, the bushbabies were thought to comprise five species, crammed into the single genus Galago; now, some 19 bushbaby species are recognized, spread across six genera, one of which (Paragalago) Judith herself named, in collaboration with colleagues. During the early days, when an impressive stream of practical taxonomic contributions, regularly interspersed with provocative reconsiderations of theory, might have been expected to lead to rapid professional advancement, Judith also courageously spoke out against apartheid. Her very first publications, in 1986 issues of New Scientist and Nature, were titled, “How can scientists help to end apartheid?” and “New idea on South Africa,” and after‐ hours she taught hugely popular unofficial biology classes in the crowded townships. Unsurprisingly, such activities did nothing to endear her to the powers that were. She found herself consigned to a dingy Wits basement lab, in which she and her shortly‐to‐be‐ deported English then‐husband routinely found themselves showered with soot blown in from the crematorium next door. It was not until 1998, after she had served a hugely formative 2‐ year postdoc at Harvard with Richard Lewontin, that she was appointed Assistant Director at Pietermaritzburg's Natal Museum. In 2006, she moved to a Professorship of Zoology at the University of Fort Hare in the Eastern Cape, where she established the very active research group known as the African Primate Initiative for Ecology and Speciation (APIES). While there she also cofounded the Primate Ecology and Genetics Group and the multidisciplinary think‐tank known as Africa Earth Observation
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引用次数: 0
Biocultural perspectives of infectious diseases and demographic evolution: Tuberculosis and its comorbidities through history 传染病的生物文化观点和人口演变:结核病及其历史上的合并症
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21970
Taylor P. van Doren

Anthropologists recognize the importance of conceptualizing health in the context of the mutually evolving nature of biology and culture through the biocultural approach, but biocultural anthropological perspectives of infectious diseases and their impacts on humans (and vice versa) through time are relatively underrepresented. Tuberculosis (TB) has been a constant companion of humans for thousands of years and has heavily influenced population health in almost every phase of cultural and demographic evolution. TB in human populations has been dramatically influenced by behavior, demographic and epidemiological shifts, and other comorbidities through history. This paper critically discusses TB and some of its major comorbidities through history within a biocultural framework to show how transitions in human demography and culture affected the disease-scape of TB. In doing so, I address the potential synthesis of biocultural and epidemiological transition theory to better comprehend the mutual evolution of infectious diseases and humans.

人类学家认识到,通过生物文化方法,在生物和文化相互演变的性质的背景下,将健康概念化的重要性,但传染病的生物文化人类学观点及其对人类的影响(反之亦然)相对代表性不足。数千年来,结核病一直伴随着人类,在文化和人口演变的几乎每个阶段都对人口健康产生了严重影响。纵观历史,结核病在人群中受到行为、人口统计学和流行病学变化以及其他合并症的巨大影响。本文在生物文化框架内通过历史批判性地讨论结核病及其一些主要合并症,以显示人口统计学和文化的转变如何影响结核病的疾病景观。在此过程中,我讨论了生物文化和流行病学过渡理论的潜在综合,以更好地理解传染病和人类的相互演变。
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引用次数: 1
Hominins likely occupied northern Europe before one million years ago 人类很可能在100万年前就占领了北欧
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21966
Alastair Key, Nick Ashton

Our understanding of when hominins first reached northern Europe is dependent on a fragmented archaeological and fossil record known from as early as marine isotope stage (MIS) 21 or 25 (c. 840 or 950 thousand years ago [Ka]). This contrasts sharply with southern Europe, where hominin occupation is evidenced from MIS 37 to 45 (c. 1.22 or 1.39 million years ago [Ma]). Northern Europe, however, exhibits climatic, geological, demographic, and historical disadvantages when it comes to preserving fossil and archaeological evidence of early hominin habitation. It is argued here that perceived differences in first occupation timings between the two European regions needs to be revised in light of these factors. To enhance this understanding, optimal linear estimation models are run using data from the current fossil and artefact record. Results suggest northern Europe to have first been occupied as early as 1.16 Ma, or as late as 913 Ka. These timings could represent minimum date expectations and be extended through future archaeological and fossil discoveries.

我们对古人类最早到达北欧的时间的理解,依赖于早在海洋同位素阶段(MIS) 21或25 (c. 84或95万年前[Ka])就知道的零碎的考古和化石记录。这与南欧形成了鲜明的对比,在那里,人类居住的证据是从MIS 37到45(约122万年前或139万年前)。然而,在保存早期人类居住的化石和考古证据方面,北欧表现出气候、地质、人口和历史上的劣势。这里认为,两个欧洲区域在首次占领时间上的明显差异需要根据这些因素加以修正。为了加强这种理解,使用来自当前化石和人工制品记录的数据运行最佳线性估计模型。结果表明,早在1.16 Ma,或晚于913 Ka,北欧就已经被占领了。这些时间可以代表最小的日期预期,并通过未来的考古和化石发现进行扩展。
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引用次数: 4
Critical theory, evolutionary theory, and testosterone 批判理论、进化理论和睾酮
IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21960
Kevin D. Hunt
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Evolutionary Anthropology
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