Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2269077
Nassim Tabri, Sasha Stark, Iris M. Balodis, Alex Price, Michael J. A. Wohl
AbstractObjective Prior research has shown a moderately positive association between financially focused self-concept and disordered gambling. Because most prior research was cross-sectional, it is unclear whether financially focused self-concept contributes to the onset and maintenance of disordered gambling whether a financially focused self-concept is a consequence of disordered gambling, or both. Thus, we addressed this gap in knowledge by examining the temporal association between financially focused self-concept and disordered gambling symptoms.Method Two longitudinal studies were conducted, involving participants who gamble. Study 1 included 308 university students and Study 2 included 2,008 community members. They completed the Financially Focused Self-Concept Scale (FFS) and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) at two separate measurement occasions, spaced approximately 6–7 months apart.Results Preliminary analyses confirmed that the FFS and PGSI each had strict or at least partial temporal measurement invariance in both studies. As expected, in Studies 1 and 2, participants with higher (relative to lower) initial financial focus had more disordered gambling symptoms 6-7 months later. Conversely, in Studies 1 and 2, participants with more (relative to less) severe initial disordered gambling symptoms increased their financial focus 6-7 months later. The magnitude of the effects was moderate in size.Conclusions Findings suggest that the temporal relation between financially focused self-concept and disordered gambling is bidirectional. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for prevention and treatment interventions as well as for the FFS and PGSI psychometric literatures.Keywords: Disordered gamblingfinancial successself-conceptlongitudinaltemporal measurement invariance Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 The pattern of results remained virtually the same when statistically controlling for participants age and sex. See OSF for results of these analyses.2 The pattern of results remained virtually the same when statistically controlling for participants age and sex. See OSF for results of these analyses.Additional informationFundingThe research design and data analytic approach were not pre-registered. Study 1 was unfunded whereas Study 2 was funded through a COVID-19 Rapid Response Research Grant (#RSGRANT185594) awarded by Carleton University. The findings were presented at the 18th International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking. All authors report no conflicts of interest or constraints on publishing.
{"title":"Financially focused self-concept and disordered gambling are bidirectionally related over time","authors":"Nassim Tabri, Sasha Stark, Iris M. Balodis, Alex Price, Michael J. A. Wohl","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2269077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2269077","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractObjective Prior research has shown a moderately positive association between financially focused self-concept and disordered gambling. Because most prior research was cross-sectional, it is unclear whether financially focused self-concept contributes to the onset and maintenance of disordered gambling whether a financially focused self-concept is a consequence of disordered gambling, or both. Thus, we addressed this gap in knowledge by examining the temporal association between financially focused self-concept and disordered gambling symptoms.Method Two longitudinal studies were conducted, involving participants who gamble. Study 1 included 308 university students and Study 2 included 2,008 community members. They completed the Financially Focused Self-Concept Scale (FFS) and the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) at two separate measurement occasions, spaced approximately 6–7 months apart.Results Preliminary analyses confirmed that the FFS and PGSI each had strict or at least partial temporal measurement invariance in both studies. As expected, in Studies 1 and 2, participants with higher (relative to lower) initial financial focus had more disordered gambling symptoms 6-7 months later. Conversely, in Studies 1 and 2, participants with more (relative to less) severe initial disordered gambling symptoms increased their financial focus 6-7 months later. The magnitude of the effects was moderate in size.Conclusions Findings suggest that the temporal relation between financially focused self-concept and disordered gambling is bidirectional. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for prevention and treatment interventions as well as for the FFS and PGSI psychometric literatures.Keywords: Disordered gamblingfinancial successself-conceptlongitudinaltemporal measurement invariance Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Notes1 The pattern of results remained virtually the same when statistically controlling for participants age and sex. See OSF for results of these analyses.2 The pattern of results remained virtually the same when statistically controlling for participants age and sex. See OSF for results of these analyses.Additional informationFundingThe research design and data analytic approach were not pre-registered. Study 1 was unfunded whereas Study 2 was funded through a COVID-19 Rapid Response Research Grant (#RSGRANT185594) awarded by Carleton University. The findings were presented at the 18th International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking. All authors report no conflicts of interest or constraints on publishing.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2266370
Roy F. Baumeister, Nathalie André
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
{"title":"Failure of guilt, misguided free will, and the potential benefits of legitimate disapproval: the case for stigmatizing addiction","authors":"Roy F. Baumeister, Nathalie André","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2266370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2266370","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThe author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2264763
Michael Auer, Mark D. Griffiths
Binge gambling is a relatively under-explored area and the few published studies have all used self-report data (i.e. surveys and interviews). The use of account-based tracking data has increasingly been used to identify indicators of problem gambling. However, no previous study has ever used tracking data to operationalize and explore binge gambling. Therefore, the present study investigated whether it is possible to identify behavioral patterns that could be related to binge gambling among a real-world sample of online gamblers. The authors were given access to an anonymized secondary dataset from a British online casino operator comprising 150,895 online gamblers who gambled between January and March 2023. Using 14 parameters of gambling (e.g. total number of gambling days, total number of gambling sessions, average amount of money spent per game), six distinct clusters of gamblers were identified. Two clusters – Cluster 2 (n = 22,364) and Cluster 5 (n = 12,523) – gambled on a relatively low number of days during three months, but displayed a high gambling intensity on those days compared to the other four clusters. These two profiles could potentially match the habits of binge gamblers. The majority of players retained their behavior in the following three months between April and June 2023 and were consequently assigned to the same cluster in the latter time period. A total of 17% of gamblers in Cluster 3 and 29% of gamblers in Cluster 5 stopped gambling entirely between April and June 2023. The findings suggest that binge gambling may be able to be identified by online gambling operators using account-based tracking data and that targeted interventions could be implemented with binge gamblers.
{"title":"An empirical attempt to identify binge gambling utilizing account-based player tracking data","authors":"Michael Auer, Mark D. Griffiths","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2264763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2264763","url":null,"abstract":"Binge gambling is a relatively under-explored area and the few published studies have all used self-report data (i.e. surveys and interviews). The use of account-based tracking data has increasingly been used to identify indicators of problem gambling. However, no previous study has ever used tracking data to operationalize and explore binge gambling. Therefore, the present study investigated whether it is possible to identify behavioral patterns that could be related to binge gambling among a real-world sample of online gamblers. The authors were given access to an anonymized secondary dataset from a British online casino operator comprising 150,895 online gamblers who gambled between January and March 2023. Using 14 parameters of gambling (e.g. total number of gambling days, total number of gambling sessions, average amount of money spent per game), six distinct clusters of gamblers were identified. Two clusters – Cluster 2 (n = 22,364) and Cluster 5 (n = 12,523) – gambled on a relatively low number of days during three months, but displayed a high gambling intensity on those days compared to the other four clusters. These two profiles could potentially match the habits of binge gamblers. The majority of players retained their behavior in the following three months between April and June 2023 and were consequently assigned to the same cluster in the latter time period. A total of 17% of gamblers in Cluster 3 and 29% of gamblers in Cluster 5 stopped gambling entirely between April and June 2023. The findings suggest that binge gambling may be able to be identified by online gambling operators using account-based tracking data and that targeted interventions could be implemented with binge gamblers.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractBackground While positive impacts of recovery capital and social capital in facilitating substance use disorder (SUD) recovery is increasingly documented, research has shown that low-income and marginalized individuals have lower social capital and may rely on different networks. A more comprehensive approach is needed to understand the social capital of low-income individuals with SUD and how these relationships impact their treatment and recovery.Methods Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed employing thematic analysis. Participants included individuals with SUD (n = 10), clinicians (n = 12), and policy leaders (n = 13).Results Three themes emerged: 1) Patients’ positive and negative interpersonal relationships with friends and family influenced decisions to seek treatment; 2) strong patient-provider relationships, often defined by the quality of SUD providers and treatment settings, were perceived as crucial for staying in treatment; and 3) justice involvement facilitated treatment access yet deteriorated treatment engagement. Themes emphasized social and structural factors that inhibit patients from fostering support and treatment engagement.Conclusions Our study underscores the importance of interpersonal relationships in SUD treatment-seeking and recovery and the need for positive interactions across the care continuum within broader social networks. Opportunities for positive interpersonal relationships include increasing access to language-concordant treatment; provider training to enhance cultural humility and patient-provider relationships; and mechanisms that improve interpersonal relationships between patients, parole officers, and other justice system members. Accentuating the role of interpersonal relationships and expanding social support interventions can pave the way for structural changes that improve recovery by harnessing different types of social capital.Keywords: Social supportsubstance usedisparitiesrecovery capitalstakeholder engagement Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Drug Abuse; grant number R01DA044526 (Alegria PI).Notes on contributorsNusrath JahanNusrath Jahan is a medical student at the Tufts University School of Medicine. She is interested in examining disparities across the healthcare continuum and exploring systemic changes to address these inequities. She is committed to increasing healthcare access and improving health equity for marginalized populations.Neerav GadeNeerav Gade is a research associate at Mathematica Policy Research. He is passionate about exploring the intersections between health disparities and individuals’ built and social environments, especially related to housing, food systems, and insurance access. He is interested in evidence- and community-based research and policy levers to promot
{"title":"Investigating the role of interpersonal relationships on low-income SUD patients’ recovery: a qualitative analysis of various stakeholders in New York state","authors":"Nusrath Jahan, Neerav Gade, Jenny Zhen-Duan, Marie Fukuda, Rodolfo Estrada, Margarita Alegría","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2265300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2265300","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground While positive impacts of recovery capital and social capital in facilitating substance use disorder (SUD) recovery is increasingly documented, research has shown that low-income and marginalized individuals have lower social capital and may rely on different networks. A more comprehensive approach is needed to understand the social capital of low-income individuals with SUD and how these relationships impact their treatment and recovery.Methods Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed employing thematic analysis. Participants included individuals with SUD (n = 10), clinicians (n = 12), and policy leaders (n = 13).Results Three themes emerged: 1) Patients’ positive and negative interpersonal relationships with friends and family influenced decisions to seek treatment; 2) strong patient-provider relationships, often defined by the quality of SUD providers and treatment settings, were perceived as crucial for staying in treatment; and 3) justice involvement facilitated treatment access yet deteriorated treatment engagement. Themes emphasized social and structural factors that inhibit patients from fostering support and treatment engagement.Conclusions Our study underscores the importance of interpersonal relationships in SUD treatment-seeking and recovery and the need for positive interactions across the care continuum within broader social networks. Opportunities for positive interpersonal relationships include increasing access to language-concordant treatment; provider training to enhance cultural humility and patient-provider relationships; and mechanisms that improve interpersonal relationships between patients, parole officers, and other justice system members. Accentuating the role of interpersonal relationships and expanding social support interventions can pave the way for structural changes that improve recovery by harnessing different types of social capital.Keywords: Social supportsubstance usedisparitiesrecovery capitalstakeholder engagement Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Drug Abuse; grant number R01DA044526 (Alegria PI).Notes on contributorsNusrath JahanNusrath Jahan is a medical student at the Tufts University School of Medicine. She is interested in examining disparities across the healthcare continuum and exploring systemic changes to address these inequities. She is committed to increasing healthcare access and improving health equity for marginalized populations.Neerav GadeNeerav Gade is a research associate at Mathematica Policy Research. He is passionate about exploring the intersections between health disparities and individuals’ built and social environments, especially related to housing, food systems, and insurance access. He is interested in evidence- and community-based research and policy levers to promot","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2264777
Samuel M. Tham, Kimberly Kelling
ABSTRACT-Purpose This research looks at the relationship between gamer roles, motivations, and their association with problematic gaming. Particularly, attitudes, flow, and sunk cost were explored within EA Sport’s FIFA, a popular eSports video game that features loot boxes. Loot boxes are purchases made within video games that yield random in-game items, akin to gambling. eSports are popular video games that have attracted fandom, spectators, and audiences often streamed online.Design/methodology This study conducted an online survey (n = 200) of FIFA gamers. Participants were screened to ensure they played FIFA’s Ultimate Teams game mode which features the predominant use of loot boxes.Findings Attitudes and flow predicted problematic gaming. Sunk cost was also found to be highly associated with problematic gaming. Importantly, two emergent gaming roles (manager and trader) were explored and discussed in this study. These roles that gamers adopt within the game are defined by gamer motivations. This provides knowledge regarding the impact of loot boxes and its association with problematic gaming.Practical implications The findings from this research suggest that the gamer roles of trader and manager in FIFA are dynamic, such that sunk cost is greater for those that lean more toward trading, which is associated with problematic gaming. Additionally, games like FIFA as an eSport may create a sense of normalcy for competitive online games that utilize gambling style mechanics.Keywords: Problematic gaminggaming disordersunk costloot boxgamer rolesaddiction AcknowledgementThe authors would like to thank Ellison Kelling and Gregory P. Perreault for their invaluable help in this research project.Ethical statementThis research has complied with the ethical guidelines set forth by Addiction Research & Theory.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe dataset for both the focus group and interview is stored on OSF and can be found at: https://osf.io/tbjdz/?view_only = 2b55b7435940428b8bc54407975c12b6Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Faculty Development Grant under Grant FDR1188.
本研究着眼于玩家角色、动机及其与问题游戏之间的关系。特别是，我们在EA Sport的《FIFA》(游戏邦注:这是一款以战利品盒为特色的热门电子竞技电子游戏)中探索了态度、流程和沉没成本。战利品盒是在电子游戏中购买的随机物品，类似于赌博。电子竞技是一种流行的电子游戏，吸引了粉丝和观众，观众经常在线观看。本研究对200名《FIFA》玩家进行了在线调查。参与者被筛选，以确保他们玩《FIFA》的终极团队游戏模式，该模式主要使用战利品箱。态度和心流预测问题游戏。沉没成本也与问题游戏密切相关。重要的是，本研究探讨和讨论了两个新兴的游戏角色(经理和交易者)。玩家在游戏中扮演的角色是由玩家动机决定的。这提供了关于战利品箱的影响及其与问题游戏的关联的知识。这项研究的结果表明，玩家在《FIFA》中扮演的交易员和经理角色是动态的，比如那些更倾向于交易的人的沉没成本更高，这与有问题的游戏有关。此外，像《FIFA》这样的电子竞技游戏可能会为使用赌博风格机制的竞争性在线游戏创造一种常态感。关键词:问题游戏，游戏障碍，沉没成本，箱子游戏，角色成瘾作者要感谢Ellison Kelling和Gregory P. Perreault在这个研究项目中提供的宝贵帮助。伦理声明本研究符合成瘾研究与理论的伦理准则。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。数据可用性声明焦点小组和访谈的数据集存储在OSF上，可在以下网站找到:https://osf.io/tbjdz/?view_only = 2b55b7435940428b8bc54407975c12b6额外信息资金本工作由威斯康星大学奥什科什学院发展基金在FDR1188下支持。
{"title":"The dynamics of problematic gaming in e-sports through the lens of FIFA gaming","authors":"Samuel M. Tham, Kimberly Kelling","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2264777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2264777","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT-Purpose This research looks at the relationship between gamer roles, motivations, and their association with problematic gaming. Particularly, attitudes, flow, and sunk cost were explored within EA Sport’s FIFA, a popular eSports video game that features loot boxes. Loot boxes are purchases made within video games that yield random in-game items, akin to gambling. eSports are popular video games that have attracted fandom, spectators, and audiences often streamed online.Design/methodology This study conducted an online survey (n = 200) of FIFA gamers. Participants were screened to ensure they played FIFA’s Ultimate Teams game mode which features the predominant use of loot boxes.Findings Attitudes and flow predicted problematic gaming. Sunk cost was also found to be highly associated with problematic gaming. Importantly, two emergent gaming roles (manager and trader) were explored and discussed in this study. These roles that gamers adopt within the game are defined by gamer motivations. This provides knowledge regarding the impact of loot boxes and its association with problematic gaming.Practical implications The findings from this research suggest that the gamer roles of trader and manager in FIFA are dynamic, such that sunk cost is greater for those that lean more toward trading, which is associated with problematic gaming. Additionally, games like FIFA as an eSport may create a sense of normalcy for competitive online games that utilize gambling style mechanics.Keywords: Problematic gaminggaming disordersunk costloot boxgamer rolesaddiction AcknowledgementThe authors would like to thank Ellison Kelling and Gregory P. Perreault for their invaluable help in this research project.Ethical statementThis research has complied with the ethical guidelines set forth by Addiction Research & Theory.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe dataset for both the focus group and interview is stored on OSF and can be found at: https://osf.io/tbjdz/?view_only = 2b55b7435940428b8bc54407975c12b6Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Faculty Development Grant under Grant FDR1188.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135645987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2264773
Clara Sancho-Domingo, José Luis Carballo, Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona, Carlos van der Hofstadt, Santos Asensio Sánchez
AbstractBackground Behavioral interventions are effective for smoking cessation; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of treatment outcomes. Self-efficacy and motivation to quit are two central mediators of therapy success, however, their interaction during tobacco cessation remains unclear. The aims of this study were to analyze the effectiveness of Guided Self-Change (GSC) therapy for smoking cessation and to examine parallel and serial mediation between self-efficacy and motivation during therapy.Method We conducted a one-group pretest-posttest design with the participation of 145 treatment-seeking smokers (age = 55.8 ± 10.3 years; 59.3% women) from the General University Hospital of Alicante. We assessed participants’ daily tobacco use, self-efficacy, and motivation to quit at baseline and at the end of treatment. Descriptive, bivariate, and mediation analyses were performed.Results A total of 49% (n = 71) of participants completed GSC therapy (3–5 sessions), of which 52.1% (n = 37) stopped using tobacco after treatment (McNemar’s p < 0.001; θ = 5.85). Mediation analyses showed GSC therapy significantly increased (p < 0.01) both self-efficacy (a1=1.19; 95%CI = 0.47, 1.91) and motivation (a2=1.95; 95%CI = 1.34, 2.56). However, only the serial path from self-efficacy to motivation to quit showed significant indirect effects in tobacco reduction (a1a3b2=–0.29; 95%CI=–1.1, 0.03; Z=–4.36; p < 0.001).Conclusions GSC therapy demonstrated effectiveness in quitting smoking by partially increasing self-efficacy, which in turn enhanced motivation to quit leading to a reduction of use. These findings expand empirical knowledge about theorized mechanisms of change in addictive behaviors that could contribute to improving psychological interventions.Keywords: Motivationself-efficacytobaccosmokingmediationbehavior change AcknowledgmentsAuthors declare no acknowledgments.Ethical approvalThis study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the GUHA (Reference: PI2019/096). All participants were informed of the study characteristics and all participants provided informed consent before starting the study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingC.S.-D. is supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of Generalitat Valenciana, and the European Social Fund (ACIF/2021/383).
{"title":"Serial mediation between self-efficacy and motivation as a mechanism of change in tobacco cessation: analysis of the Guided Self-Change therapy effectiveness","authors":"Clara Sancho-Domingo, José Luis Carballo, Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona, Carlos van der Hofstadt, Santos Asensio Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2264773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2264773","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractBackground Behavioral interventions are effective for smoking cessation; however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of treatment outcomes. Self-efficacy and motivation to quit are two central mediators of therapy success, however, their interaction during tobacco cessation remains unclear. The aims of this study were to analyze the effectiveness of Guided Self-Change (GSC) therapy for smoking cessation and to examine parallel and serial mediation between self-efficacy and motivation during therapy.Method We conducted a one-group pretest-posttest design with the participation of 145 treatment-seeking smokers (age = 55.8 ± 10.3 years; 59.3% women) from the General University Hospital of Alicante. We assessed participants’ daily tobacco use, self-efficacy, and motivation to quit at baseline and at the end of treatment. Descriptive, bivariate, and mediation analyses were performed.Results A total of 49% (n = 71) of participants completed GSC therapy (3–5 sessions), of which 52.1% (n = 37) stopped using tobacco after treatment (McNemar’s p < 0.001; θ = 5.85). Mediation analyses showed GSC therapy significantly increased (p < 0.01) both self-efficacy (a1=1.19; 95%CI = 0.47, 1.91) and motivation (a2=1.95; 95%CI = 1.34, 2.56). However, only the serial path from self-efficacy to motivation to quit showed significant indirect effects in tobacco reduction (a1a3b2=–0.29; 95%CI=–1.1, 0.03; Z=–4.36; p < 0.001).Conclusions GSC therapy demonstrated effectiveness in quitting smoking by partially increasing self-efficacy, which in turn enhanced motivation to quit leading to a reduction of use. These findings expand empirical knowledge about theorized mechanisms of change in addictive behaviors that could contribute to improving psychological interventions.Keywords: Motivationself-efficacytobaccosmokingmediationbehavior change AcknowledgmentsAuthors declare no acknowledgments.Ethical approvalThis study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the GUHA (Reference: PI2019/096). All participants were informed of the study characteristics and all participants provided informed consent before starting the study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingC.S.-D. is supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of Generalitat Valenciana, and the European Social Fund (ACIF/2021/383).","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2256217
Jason McBurnie, Ciara Bell, Niamh Hurst, Sophia Chambers, Lisa Graham-Wisener, Paul Toner
Background There is emerging evidence that post-traumatic growth is a relevant concept in addiction recovery. However, existing measures, such as the post-traumatic growth inventory, were designed to measure post-traumatic growth in general trauma populations. It is unclear if the post-traumatic growth inventory is suitable for individuals in recovery from substance-related addiction. The current study aimed to qualitatively assess the content validity of the post-traumatic growth inventory for individuals in addiction recovery.
{"title":"Content validity of the post-traumatic growth inventory: a think-aloud study on capturing recovery from addiction","authors":"Jason McBurnie, Ciara Bell, Niamh Hurst, Sophia Chambers, Lisa Graham-Wisener, Paul Toner","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2256217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2256217","url":null,"abstract":"Background There is emerging evidence that post-traumatic growth is a relevant concept in addiction recovery. However, existing measures, such as the post-traumatic growth inventory, were designed to measure post-traumatic growth in general trauma populations. It is unclear if the post-traumatic growth inventory is suitable for individuals in recovery from substance-related addiction. The current study aimed to qualitatively assess the content validity of the post-traumatic growth inventory for individuals in addiction recovery.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134971005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2022.2140145
A. Doonan, T. Buchanan
Abstract Substance use disorders (SUD) represent a pervasive and ongoing public health crisis responsible for many deaths and hospitalizations each year. Despite decades of research, we have yet to develop an effective cross-substance treatment model. Many who seek and enter treatment for SUD end up relapsing despite their intentions. Inconsistency in treatment success necessitates the identification of novel, universal therapeutic targets in the underlying core mechanisms of SUD. Determining the cognitive mechanisms which promote addictive behaviors is an essential first step to fully understand relapse and maintenance in SUD. The goal of the current review is to explore underlying cognitive processes which prolong SUD despite treatment. Through this, we propose a mechanistic model for how intrusive cognitions may jeopardize symptom improvement and SUD treatment success via risky decision making. Intrusive cognitions - images, words, memories, or impulses - demand little cognitive effort, and lend themselves to quick action and decisions. In the current paper, we present evidence which shows how intrusive cognitions, poorly inhibited, could impair the decision making process in SUD and lead to subsequent addictive behaviors.
{"title":"Unheard risk: considering the role of intrusive cognitions in relapse","authors":"A. Doonan, T. Buchanan","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2022.2140145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2022.2140145","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Substance use disorders (SUD) represent a pervasive and ongoing public health crisis responsible for many deaths and hospitalizations each year. Despite decades of research, we have yet to develop an effective cross-substance treatment model. Many who seek and enter treatment for SUD end up relapsing despite their intentions. Inconsistency in treatment success necessitates the identification of novel, universal therapeutic targets in the underlying core mechanisms of SUD. Determining the cognitive mechanisms which promote addictive behaviors is an essential first step to fully understand relapse and maintenance in SUD. The goal of the current review is to explore underlying cognitive processes which prolong SUD despite treatment. Through this, we propose a mechanistic model for how intrusive cognitions may jeopardize symptom improvement and SUD treatment success via risky decision making. Intrusive cognitions - images, words, memories, or impulses - demand little cognitive effort, and lend themselves to quick action and decisions. In the current paper, we present evidence which shows how intrusive cognitions, poorly inhibited, could impair the decision making process in SUD and lead to subsequent addictive behaviors.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74902238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2216459
Rebecca L. Smith, Thomas Bannard, Jessica McDaniel, Fazil Aliev, Austin Brown, Erica Holliday, Noel Vest, Waltrina DeFrantz-Dufor, Danielle M. Dick, Jessica McDaniel, Austin Brown, Thomas Bannard, Jason Whitney, Waltrina DeFrantz-Dufor, Matt Statman, Anne Thompson Heller, Rebecca Smith, Erica Holliday, Noel Vest
The goals of the present study were to describe the development of the first national longitudinal study of collegiate recovery program (CRP) students; provide an updated characterization of CRP students’ demographics, past problem severity, and current recovery-related functioning; and examine the perceived impact of COVID-19 on CRP students’ recovery. Universities and community colleges with CRPs across the United States and Ontario, Canada, were invited to partner on this project. Launched in fall 2020, three cohorts of participants were recruited. All participants who completed the baseline survey (N = 334 from 43 CRPs) were invited to complete follow-up surveys. The sample was composed of mostly undergraduate, White, cisgender women averaging 29 years old at baseline. They reported challenging backgrounds, including high levels of polysubstance use, alcohol/substance problem severity, mental health challenges, and involvement with the criminal legal system. Despite such adversity, they evidenced high levels of recovery-related functioning. Recovery capital and quality of life were high. Students reported an average of nearly four years in recovery, with most having between two and four years of abstinence from their primary substance of choice. COVID-19 represented a substantial source of stress for many, impacting some students’ abstinence and recovery-related functioning. Results generally parallel findings from the only other national study of CRP students conducted a decade ago, providing a much-needed update and novel insights into CRP students. Findings can inform our understanding of the CRP student population and can be used to tailor CRP design and service offerings to students’ backgrounds and needs.
{"title":"Characteristics of students participating in collegiate recovery programs and the impact of COVID-19: an updated national longitudinal study","authors":"Rebecca L. Smith, Thomas Bannard, Jessica McDaniel, Fazil Aliev, Austin Brown, Erica Holliday, Noel Vest, Waltrina DeFrantz-Dufor, Danielle M. Dick, Jessica McDaniel, Austin Brown, Thomas Bannard, Jason Whitney, Waltrina DeFrantz-Dufor, Matt Statman, Anne Thompson Heller, Rebecca Smith, Erica Holliday, Noel Vest","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2216459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2216459","url":null,"abstract":"The goals of the present study were to describe the development of the first national longitudinal study of collegiate recovery program (CRP) students; provide an updated characterization of CRP students’ demographics, past problem severity, and current recovery-related functioning; and examine the perceived impact of COVID-19 on CRP students’ recovery. Universities and community colleges with CRPs across the United States and Ontario, Canada, were invited to partner on this project. Launched in fall 2020, three cohorts of participants were recruited. All participants who completed the baseline survey (N = 334 from 43 CRPs) were invited to complete follow-up surveys. The sample was composed of mostly undergraduate, White, cisgender women averaging 29 years old at baseline. They reported challenging backgrounds, including high levels of polysubstance use, alcohol/substance problem severity, mental health challenges, and involvement with the criminal legal system. Despite such adversity, they evidenced high levels of recovery-related functioning. Recovery capital and quality of life were high. Students reported an average of nearly four years in recovery, with most having between two and four years of abstinence from their primary substance of choice. COVID-19 represented a substantial source of stress for many, impacting some students’ abstinence and recovery-related functioning. Results generally parallel findings from the only other national study of CRP students conducted a decade ago, providing a much-needed update and novel insights into CRP students. Findings can inform our understanding of the CRP student population and can be used to tailor CRP design and service offerings to students’ backgrounds and needs.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135703619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2023.2182881
Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Martha Tillson, J. Matthew Webster, Carrie B. Oser, Jennifer Edwards Becan, Kevin Knight, Jeremy Byard, Michele Staton
Recovery coaches are individuals with lived experience with recovery from substance use disorder who typically engender a greater sense of trust than found with other types of healthcare providers. However, there currently are no validated tools that measure the connection between recovery coaches and their participants. The purpose of this study was to describe the initial development of the Scales for Participant Alliance with Recovery Coach (SPARC) to measure recovery coach connection or alliance, including initial psychometric analyses. Measurement development began with five scales of the Client Evaluation of Self Treatment (treatment participation, treatment satisfaction, rapport, peer support, and social support). Adapted items were pre-tested with focus groups (n = 8) to ensure they were meaningful and accurately reflected the domains (Study 1). After modifications, the SPARC has six scales (engagement, satisfaction, rapport, motivation and encouragement, role model and community linkage). The survey was piloted with 100 individuals (Study 2) age 18 or over who had met with a recovery coach within the last six months. Most study participants were male (60%) and white (87%) with less than two years in recovery. After removing two low performing items, the items for five of the domains had acceptable internal consistency. The items for the engagement domain had a slightly lower reliability. Findings suggest that items cover relevant recovery coach roles, are internally consistent within domains, and can be easily administered to individuals engaging in recovery coaching services. Additional research is needed with a larger, more heterogenous sample to further refine items.
{"title":"Scales for participant Alliance with Recovery Coach (SPARC): initial development and pilot test","authors":"Amanda Fallin-Bennett, Martha Tillson, J. Matthew Webster, Carrie B. Oser, Jennifer Edwards Becan, Kevin Knight, Jeremy Byard, Michele Staton","doi":"10.1080/16066359.2023.2182881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2023.2182881","url":null,"abstract":"Recovery coaches are individuals with lived experience with recovery from substance use disorder who typically engender a greater sense of trust than found with other types of healthcare providers. However, there currently are no validated tools that measure the connection between recovery coaches and their participants. The purpose of this study was to describe the initial development of the Scales for Participant Alliance with Recovery Coach (SPARC) to measure recovery coach connection or alliance, including initial psychometric analyses. Measurement development began with five scales of the Client Evaluation of Self Treatment (treatment participation, treatment satisfaction, rapport, peer support, and social support). Adapted items were pre-tested with focus groups (n = 8) to ensure they were meaningful and accurately reflected the domains (Study 1). After modifications, the SPARC has six scales (engagement, satisfaction, rapport, motivation and encouragement, role model and community linkage). The survey was piloted with 100 individuals (Study 2) age 18 or over who had met with a recovery coach within the last six months. Most study participants were male (60%) and white (87%) with less than two years in recovery. After removing two low performing items, the items for five of the domains had acceptable internal consistency. The items for the engagement domain had a slightly lower reliability. Findings suggest that items cover relevant recovery coach roles, are internally consistent within domains, and can be easily administered to individuals engaging in recovery coaching services. Additional research is needed with a larger, more heterogenous sample to further refine items.","PeriodicalId":47851,"journal":{"name":"Addiction Research & Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136147075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：