Christina Proctor, Noah Hopkins, Chase Reece, Lauren Ledbetter Griffeth
Traditional gender expectations and societal norms, along with unique occupational and organizational policies, may make it difficult for women to work in the agricultural industry. The purpose of this study is to apply Role Congruity Theory to female farmers' experience of occupational stress, and to explore behavioral adaptations used to cope with working in a male‐dominated occupation in areas where conventional gender norms are more prominent. Structured interviews were conducted with 16 female farm owners and managers and a thematic analysis approach was used to analyze data. Female farmers reported stress associated with gender stereotyping, misogyny, role expectations, and lack of respect. This study found that women are perceived as incongruent with the male‐dominated agricultural sector, and experience prejudice and harassment substantiating Role Congruity Theory. In addition, participants reported behavioral adaptations such as adopting masculine traits, dressing differently, and overworking or overcompensating, which may be contributing to higher stress levels. Women participating in this study took pride in defying expectations and succeeding in a male‐dominated occupation, but more effort should be made to promote diversity and inclusion in the agricultural industry.
{"title":"“Can I Speak to the Bossman?” Sources of Stress, Behavioral Adaptations, and Role Incongruency in Female Farmers☆","authors":"Christina Proctor, Noah Hopkins, Chase Reece, Lauren Ledbetter Griffeth","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12591","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional gender expectations and societal norms, along with unique occupational and organizational policies, may make it difficult for women to work in the agricultural industry. The purpose of this study is to apply <jats:italic>Role Congruity Theory</jats:italic> to female farmers' experience of occupational stress, and to explore behavioral adaptations used to cope with working in a male‐dominated occupation in areas where conventional gender norms are more prominent. Structured interviews were conducted with 16 female farm owners and managers and a thematic analysis approach was used to analyze data. Female farmers reported stress associated with gender stereotyping, misogyny, role expectations, and lack of respect. This study found that women are perceived as incongruent with the male‐dominated agricultural sector, and experience prejudice and harassment substantiating <jats:italic>Role Congruity Theory</jats:italic>. In addition, participants reported behavioral adaptations such as adopting masculine traits, dressing differently, and overworking or overcompensating, which may be contributing to higher stress levels. Women participating in this study took pride in defying expectations and succeeding in a male‐dominated occupation, but more effort should be made to promote diversity and inclusion in the agricultural industry.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Theophilus, Jessica Ulrich‐Schad, Courtney Flint, Emma Epperson
Amenity migration in the Intermountain West is a rapidly evolving process that has greatly impacted wellbeing in many rural communities over the past several decades. While the impacts of amenity migration have been discussed through both individual community case studies and cross‐community comparative analysis, there is an ongoing need for research that continues to build upon our understanding of amenity migration's effects on individual and community wellbeing. Remote and hybrid work opportunities, expanded during the COVID‐19 pandemic, have allowed for an increasing number of people to live part or full‐time in highly desirable rural locations, particularly those proximate to larger urban areas. In this paper, we discuss the historical and current trends of amenity migration in Kittitas County, proximate to Seattle, Washington, on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains. Drawing upon perspectives shared in 80 interviews with key informants and community members about community wellbeing in three towns, we discuss the implications of amenity migration for the perceived quality of life of both longer‐term residents and newer community members. Additionally, the setting and scope of this research allows for comparison between high‐amenity rural communities with larger recreation economies, and adjacent less—amenity‐based rural communities. Findings indicate that amenity migration continues to evolve and impact community wellbeing, primarily via community cultural changes and socioeconomic and housing inequality. However, there are nuanced geographical and longitudinal differences in the impacts of amenity migration. Additionally, participants perceived an increase in amenity migration patterns and impacts in the years following the COVID‐19 pandemic. To conclude, we discuss ongoing and potential initiatives that may help support community wellbeing, as well as possibilities for further improvements in policy and planning to equitably increase the quality of life for all residents.
{"title":"Amenity Migration and Community Wellbeing in Washington's Kittitas County Post‐COVID‐19 Pandemic*","authors":"Alexander Theophilus, Jessica Ulrich‐Schad, Courtney Flint, Emma Epperson","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12590","url":null,"abstract":"Amenity migration in the Intermountain West is a rapidly evolving process that has greatly impacted wellbeing in many rural communities over the past several decades. While the impacts of amenity migration have been discussed through both individual community case studies and cross‐community comparative analysis, there is an ongoing need for research that continues to build upon our understanding of amenity migration's effects on individual and community wellbeing. Remote and hybrid work opportunities, expanded during the COVID‐19 pandemic, have allowed for an increasing number of people to live part or full‐time in highly desirable rural locations, particularly those proximate to larger urban areas. In this paper, we discuss the historical and current trends of amenity migration in Kittitas County, proximate to Seattle, Washington, on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains. Drawing upon perspectives shared in 80 interviews with key informants and community members about community wellbeing in three towns, we discuss the implications of amenity migration for the perceived quality of life of both longer‐term residents and newer community members. Additionally, the setting and scope of this research allows for comparison between high‐amenity rural communities with larger recreation economies, and adjacent less—amenity‐based rural communities. Findings indicate that amenity migration continues to evolve and impact community wellbeing, primarily via community cultural changes and socioeconomic and housing inequality. However, there are nuanced geographical and longitudinal differences in the impacts of amenity migration. Additionally, participants perceived an increase in amenity migration patterns and impacts in the years following the COVID‐19 pandemic. To conclude, we discuss ongoing and potential initiatives that may help support community wellbeing, as well as possibilities for further improvements in policy and planning to equitably increase the quality of life for all residents.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When social and spatial disadvantages meet, are they doubled? Empirical studies have convincingly demonstrated that disadvantages tend to accumulate. Our paper advances this scholarship by focusing on the under‐researched issue of social positions, subjective perspectives, and agency among single mothers in rural peripheries characterized by weak labor markets and accessibility issues. Drawing from problem‐centered interviews conducted in eastern Germany and Czechia, we investigate how single mothers perceive and evaluate the local and regional opportunities available to them. Additionally, we employ the concept of coping to analyze how they navigate spatial constraints. Our findings reveal that while our respondents encounter various spatial limitations and some feel ensnared in cycles of accumulating disadvantages, they often view these constraints as balanced or outweighed by the advantages of their living environment. Our in‐depth analysis identifies room to maneuver in coping with spatial disadvantages and sheds light on the costs and risks associated with different coping strategies. In conclusion, we argue that incorporating a perspective on agency and subjectivity into research on inequalities allows for a nuanced understanding of the interrelation of social and spatial disadvantages.
{"title":"How Do Single Mothers Evaluate and Cope with Living in Rural Peripheries? Insights into the Interplay of Social and Spatial Disadvantage*","authors":"Sylvia Keim‐Klärner, Josef Bernard, Anja Decker","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12586","url":null,"abstract":"When social and spatial disadvantages meet, are they doubled? Empirical studies have convincingly demonstrated that disadvantages tend to accumulate. Our paper advances this scholarship by focusing on the under‐researched issue of social positions, subjective perspectives, and agency among single mothers in rural peripheries characterized by weak labor markets and accessibility issues. Drawing from problem‐centered interviews conducted in eastern Germany and Czechia, we investigate how single mothers perceive and evaluate the local and regional opportunities available to them. Additionally, we employ the concept of coping to analyze how they navigate spatial constraints. Our findings reveal that while our respondents encounter various spatial limitations and some feel ensnared in cycles of accumulating disadvantages, they often view these constraints as balanced or outweighed by the advantages of their living environment. Our in‐depth analysis identifies room to maneuver in coping with spatial disadvantages and sheds light on the costs and risks associated with different coping strategies. In conclusion, we argue that incorporating a perspective on agency and subjectivity into research on inequalities allows for a nuanced understanding of the interrelation of social and spatial disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Police radio scanners are a common feature of homes in rural Upstate New York, but little attention has been given to how their use affects local communities. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with residents of a small town in the Adirondack Park, I examine how the scanner becomes a key factor in structuring experiences of daily life. A common feature of rural communities, the scanner positions policing at the center of everyday life, shapes perceptions of criminality and policing for those listening, and may have significant consequences for vulnerable residents. The scanner provides residents with the opportunity to develop informal networks of care, yet simultaneously limits the ability of some residents to access community and emergency services. I argue that the scanner comes to mediate contradictory structures for the town and blends police power and presence with the experience of everyday rural social life as part of broader processes that delineate, justify, and legitimize boundaries of social difference. Bridging scholarship on rural communities and police technology, this project advances a framework to understand how the scanner shapes and structures access to symbolic capital vis‐a‐vis the state and logics of policing in the name of community safety.
{"title":"“It's On All the Time in Our House:” Police Scanners and Everyday Rural Life*","authors":"Michael Branch","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12587","url":null,"abstract":"Police radio scanners are a common feature of homes in rural Upstate New York, but little attention has been given to how their use affects local communities. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with residents of a small town in the Adirondack Park, I examine how the scanner becomes a key factor in structuring experiences of daily life. A common feature of rural communities, the scanner positions policing at the center of everyday life, shapes perceptions of criminality and policing for those listening, and may have significant consequences for vulnerable residents. The scanner provides residents with the opportunity to develop informal networks of care, yet simultaneously limits the ability of some residents to access community and emergency services. I argue that the scanner comes to mediate contradictory structures for the town and blends police power and presence with the experience of everyday rural social life as part of broader processes that delineate, justify, and legitimize boundaries of social difference. Bridging scholarship on rural communities and police technology, this project advances a framework to understand how the scanner shapes and structures access to symbolic capital vis‐a‐vis the state and logics of policing in the name of community safety.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Willemien Van Damme, Pascal De Decker, Hans Leinfelder
The social construction of rurality remains a collective fantasy of a safe, green, ethnically homogeneous environment. This fantasy, called “the rural idyll,” still dominates the way in which people give meaning to their lives, the lives of others, and the places where they live. This idyll is based on an interrelated urban/ethnic diverse versus rural/white dichotomy, even as rural areas are in fact becoming more ethnically diverse. The question of how ethnic diversity is understood, in traditional media, through the fantasy of the rural idyll is central to this paper. Drawing on recurring stories in 450 newspaper articles in the Flemish written press covering rural ethnic diversity, we identify four different ideal‐type frames: growing ethnic diversity as a (1) threat to the rural idyll, (2) confirmation of the rural idyll, (3) the consequence of rural deprivation, and (4) the solution to rural deprivation. Our analysis shows that a large proportion of the newspaper articles use “ethnic diversity as a threat to the rural idyll.” This connects with the long‐standing anti‐urban discourse in Flanders (Belgium). Nevertheless, the presence and emergence of other frames indicate that this discourse does not remain not unchallenged.
{"title":"Does Increasing Ethnic Diversity Challenge the Rural Idyll? An Analysis of Frames on Ethnic Diversity in Relation to Rurality in the Flemish Written Press (Belgium)*","authors":"Willemien Van Damme, Pascal De Decker, Hans Leinfelder","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12585","url":null,"abstract":"The social construction of rurality remains a collective fantasy of a safe, green, ethnically homogeneous environment. This fantasy, called “the rural idyll,” still dominates the way in which people give meaning to their lives, the lives of others, and the places where they live. This idyll is based on an interrelated urban/ethnic diverse versus rural/white dichotomy, even as rural areas are in fact becoming more ethnically diverse. The question of how ethnic diversity is understood, in traditional media, through the fantasy of the rural idyll is central to this paper. Drawing on recurring stories in 450 newspaper articles in the Flemish written press covering rural ethnic diversity, we identify four different ideal‐type frames: growing ethnic diversity as a (1) threat to the rural idyll, (2) confirmation of the rural idyll, (3) the consequence of rural deprivation, and (4) the solution to rural deprivation. Our analysis shows that a large proportion of the newspaper articles use “ethnic diversity as a threat to the rural idyll.” This connects with the long‐standing anti‐urban discourse in Flanders (Belgium). Nevertheless, the presence and emergence of other frames indicate that this discourse does not remain not unchallenged.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines how community perceptions, family‐related factors, and other psychosocial factors collectively shape young adults' intentions to stay in their nonmetropolitan communities for employment. Research on nonmetropolitan populations' intentions to stay has increasingly highlighted community factors, including perceptions of the community and social connections. However, perceptions of the community have often been studied linearly and researchers have overlooked the multidimensional nature of employment decisions. Thus, this study conducted a latent profile analysis of 513 nonmetropolitan young adults and identified four distinct profiles: positive perceptions of social and professional characteristics (38.79%), positive perceptions of overall community characteristics (35.28%), positive perceptions of long‐term life planning characteristics (15.79%), and negative perceptions of overall community characteristics (10.14%). Path analyses indicated that community perception profiles, characterized by more positive perceptions of family‐friendliness and enjoyment of an active social and professional life, are associated with greater intention to obtain or retain local employment in a nonmetropolitan community. The findings are mediated by the effects of embeddedness within a community and organization. Family support also plays a crucial role in job seekers' intentions to stay for employment. They also value their own perceptions of fewer barriers to staying in nonmetropolitan organizations. These findings provide policy implications for attracting and retaining young nonmetropolitan workers by aligning their aspirations with community, work, and social characteristics.
{"title":"Securing a Future in Nonmetropolitan Areas: Community and Family Influences on Young Adults' Intentions to Stay for Employment☆","authors":"Ha Young Choi, Karen Z. Kramer","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12584","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how community perceptions, family‐related factors, and other psychosocial factors collectively shape young adults' intentions to stay in their nonmetropolitan communities for employment. Research on nonmetropolitan populations' intentions to stay has increasingly highlighted community factors, including perceptions of the community and social connections. However, perceptions of the community have often been studied linearly and researchers have overlooked the multidimensional nature of employment decisions. Thus, this study conducted a latent profile analysis of 513 nonmetropolitan young adults and identified four distinct profiles: <jats:italic>positive perceptions of social and professional characteristics</jats:italic> (38.79%), <jats:italic>positive perceptions of overall community characteristics</jats:italic> (35.28%), <jats:italic>positive perceptions of long‐term life planning characteristics</jats:italic> (15.79%), and <jats:italic>negative perceptions of overall community characteristics</jats:italic> (10.14%). Path analyses indicated that community perception profiles, characterized by more positive perceptions of family‐friendliness and enjoyment of an active social and professional life, are associated with greater intention to obtain or retain local employment in a nonmetropolitan community. The findings are mediated by the effects of embeddedness within a community and organization. Family support also plays a crucial role in job seekers' intentions to stay for employment. They also value their own perceptions of fewer barriers to staying in nonmetropolitan organizations. These findings provide policy implications for attracting and retaining young nonmetropolitan workers by aligning their aspirations with community, work, and social characteristics.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to land loss from sea level rise, subsidence, and hurricanes, coastal Louisiana residents face decisions about whether and how to move to live more securely. These (seemingly) biophysical processes are compounded by sociocultural evolution and technological progress, which often make rural people and communities feel devalued. Using these observations as a background, we ask: how do disaster‐related migration strategies correspond to broader migration trends nationally and globally? And, how do local, place‐based cultures influence and permeate these migration decisions and strategies? We rely on 32 interviews with those who are from southeastern Louisiana and are connected to local seafood industries. Using the Intracoastal Canal as a line of risk demarcation, respondents were recruited as either stayers (those residing south of the canal) or migrants (those who moved north of the canal or elsewhere). We find that within both groups, many individuals and/or their family members participate in watershed migration and cultural curation, practices of moving up the bayou toward safer ground and bringing place‐based practices along with this movement. We conclude by highlighting how the non‐linear experiences of migrants are part of larger historical narratives and practices of change, migration, and cultural and physical survival.
{"title":"Searching for Higher Ground: Watershed Migration and Cultural Curation in the Fallout of Disaster*","authors":"Brandon Folse, Nicholas Theis, Daniel Shtob","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12578","url":null,"abstract":"Due to land loss from sea level rise, subsidence, and hurricanes, coastal Louisiana residents face decisions about whether and how to move to live more securely. These (seemingly) biophysical processes are compounded by sociocultural evolution and technological progress, which often make rural people and communities feel devalued. Using these observations as a background, we ask: how do disaster‐related migration strategies correspond to broader migration trends nationally and globally? And, how do local, place‐based cultures influence and permeate these migration decisions and strategies? We rely on 32 interviews with those who are from southeastern Louisiana and are connected to local seafood industries. Using the Intracoastal Canal as a line of risk demarcation, respondents were recruited as either stayers (those residing south of the canal) or migrants (those who moved north of the canal or elsewhere). We find that within both groups, many individuals and/or their family members participate in watershed migration and cultural curation, practices of moving up the bayou toward safer ground and bringing place‐based practices along with this movement. We conclude by highlighting how the non‐linear experiences of migrants are part of larger historical narratives and practices of change, migration, and cultural and physical survival.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"242 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Lies of the Land: Seeing Rural America for What It Is—And Isn't, by StevenConn, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2023. 320 pp. $29.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978‐0‐226‐82690‐5.","authors":"Michael R. Cope","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12580","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Land Tenure and Security: State‐Peasant Relations in the Amhara Highlands, Ethiopia, by SveinEge (ed.), Rochester: James Currey, 2019. 207 pp. $95.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978‐1847012241.","authors":"Haylie M. June","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：