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Indigenous Perspectives on Dismantling the Legacies of Settler Colonialism in Rural Sociology☆ 从原住民视角解读乡村社会学中的定居殖民主义遗留问题☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12573
Clint Carroll, Andrew Curley, Doreen E. Martinez, Lindsey Schneider, Johann Strube
Rural Sociology has failed to incorporate Settler‐colonialism and Indigenous theory in studying rural social relations. This presents a serious gap in the discipline's conceptualization of land as the foundation of social reproduction. Indigenous theory provides rich insights about humans' relations among themselves and with the more‐than‐human that inform our understanding of Settler colonialism as a driver of social formation, and human–environmental interactions more generally. This paper, written by four Indigenous environmental social scientists and one Settler rural sociologist, invites the discipline to engage Indigeneity and Settler colonialism in methodologically, theoretically, and ethically appropriate ways.
农村社会学在研究农村社会关系时未能纳入定居殖民主义和土著理论。这在该学科将土地作为社会再生产基础的概念化方面造成了严重的缺陷。原住民理论为我们提供了关于人类之间以及人类与 "非人类 "之间关系的丰富见解,有助于我们理解作为社会形态驱动力的定居殖民主义,以及更广泛意义上的人类与环境互动关系。本论文由四位土著环境社会科学家和一位定居者农村社会学家共同撰写,邀请本学科以方法论、理论和伦理上适当的方式探讨土著性和定居者殖民主义。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Service Security for Public Health Resilience: Perception and Concerns in Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan☆ 能源服务安全促进公共卫生复原力:密歇根州上半岛西部的认知与担忧☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12571
Shardul Tiwari, Zoē Ketola, Chelsea Schelly, Eric Boyer‐Cole
The Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan includes six rural counties and one Tribal Nation. The region is characterized by long winters, legacies of the extractive mining economy, and the infrastructural features of extreme rurality, including aging housing and low health service density. The region also faces exceptionally high electricity prices. There is limited research on the public health implications of energy service disruption in rural regions resulting from the increasing intensity and frequency of weather events caused by climate change. This article presents research findings examining the readiness of health facilities in this area to manage the rising intensity, severity, and frequency of severe weather that could disrupt energy services. The study also considers how this knowledge can guide decision‐making to improve energy service access and maintain resilient public health services in the region. This exploratory study utilized a qualitative approach that combines semi‐structured interviews with public health stakeholders and a short survey to triangulate the findings from health facilities. Given the pivotal role of dependable energy services in community health, these findings underscore the community's perception of self‐reliance as both an asset and a hurdle. This perception aligns with the realities of rural communities at the “end of the line” regarding critical infrastructure, which also serves as a formidable barrier to social organization and infrastructure access during energy service disruptions that can severely impact public health.
密歇根州西部上半岛包括六个农村县和一个部落民族。该地区的特点是冬季漫长、采矿经济遗留下来的问题以及极端农村的基础设施特点,包括住房老化和医疗服务密度低。该地区还面临着异常高昂的电价。由于气候变化导致天气事件的强度和频率不断增加,农村地区能源服务中断对公共健康的影响方面的研究十分有限。本文介绍了研究结果,探讨了该地区医疗卫生机构在应对可能中断能源服务的恶劣天气的强度、严重程度和频率不断增加方面的准备情况。研究还考虑了这些知识如何指导决策,以改善能源服务的获取,并保持该地区公共卫生服务的弹性。这项探索性研究采用了一种定性方法,将对公共卫生利益相关者的半结构式访谈与一项简短的调查相结合,以便对卫生机构的调查结果进行三角测量。鉴于可靠的能源服务在社区健康中的关键作用,这些研究结果强调了社区对自力更生的看法,认为它既是一种资产,也是一种障碍。这种观念与处于关键基础设施 "末端 "的农村社区的现实情况相吻合,这也成为能源服务中断期间社会组织和基础设施使用的巨大障碍,会严重影响公众健康。
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引用次数: 0
The Dignity of Nonworking Men* 无工作男性的尊严*
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12570
Sarah Halpern‐Meekin, Seungmi L. Cho, Grace Landrum, Adam Talkington
Studies have demonstrated the centrality of work and dignity in men's understanding of themselves and their place in society, especially in rural areas. However, previous studies of work and identity among men have generally drawn from the perspectives of the employed. From interviews with nonmetro prime‐age men (25–54 years old) who were out of the formal labor force (N = 61), we find that men present themselves as deserving of dignified treatment. They do so by drawing on the values of work—describing themselves as skilled, hard workers with a strong sense of personal responsibility. Ironically, this sense of self‐worth can conflict with them remaining in the formal labor force because of how they are treated and how others conduct themselves on the job. In this rural setting, hegemonic market‐based values guide men even when outside the institution of work, yet some men find they can only resolve tension between these values and the realities of employment outside the formal labor market.
研究表明,工作和尊严是男性(尤其是农村地区的男性)理解自身及其社会地位的核心。然而,以往对男性工作和身份认同的研究一般都是从就业者的角度出发。通过对未加入正规劳动力队伍的非都会壮年男性(25-54 岁)(N = 61)的访谈,我们发现男性认为自己应该得到有尊严的待遇。他们这样做的方式是利用工作的价值--将自己描述为技术娴熟、勤奋努力、具有强烈个人责任感的工人。具有讽刺意味的是,这种自我价值感可能会与他们留在正规劳动力队伍中发生冲突,因为他们在工作中受到的待遇和其他人的行为举止都会影响到他们。在这种农村环境中,即使在工作体制之外,霸权的市场价值观也会引导男性,但有些男性发现,他们只能在这些价值观与正规劳动力市场之外的就业现实之间解决矛盾。
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引用次数: 0
Family Farmers as Agents in the Struggle for Survival: A Case Study from Turkey☆ 作为生存斗争代理人的家庭农场主:土耳其案例研究☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12568
Ebru Sevgili Canpolat
This paper discusses the survival strategies of small family farms in a western Anatolian village in the context of ongoing debates in the current literature concerning the future of small or peasant family farms under the conditions of the neoliberal era. The main argument of the paper is that even though the neoliberal agrarian policies in Turkey put into effect since the early 1980s have divested farmers of much of the protective policies in force in earlier periods—thereby putting them under much severe market pressures—other pressure mechanisms in this case under investigation have a more central impact on their survival. These pressures are the patterns of social and cultural change that occur due to modernization, alongside regulations concerning access to land which the farmers seem to be able to counter by organizing and mobilizing their internal, material, and social resources, within cultural norms. The arguments presented are based on the analysis of empirical data collected through field work carried out in a village of farmers specializing and engaged in the production of dried figs. The study emphasizes the multi‐causal, multi‐layered, contingent, and hybrid nature of the question of survival for these villagers and argues that it should be evaluated as a process, rather than an outcome, with the villagers themselves as agents in this process.
本文结合当前文献中关于新自由主义时代条件下小型或农民家庭农场未来的争论,讨论了安纳托利亚西部村庄小型家庭农场的生存策略。本文的主要论点是,尽管土耳其自 20 世纪 80 年代初开始实施的新自由主义农业政策使农民失去了早期实行的许多保护性政策,从而使他们承受了更为严峻的市场压力,但在本文所调查的案例中,其他压力机制对他们的生存产生了更为重要的影响。这些压力是现代化带来的社会和文化变革模式,以及有关获得土地的规定,而农民似乎能够在文化规范的范围内,通过组织和动员他们的内部、物质和社会资源来应对这些压力。本文的论点基于对在一个专门从事无花果干生产的农民村庄开展的实地工作所收集的经验数据的分析。研究强调了这些村民生存问题的多因性、多层次、偶然性和混合性,并认为应将其作为一个过程而非结果来评价,而村民本身则是这一过程的推动者。
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引用次数: 0
Shared Ideals, But Persistent Barriers: Improving Tribal‐University Research Engagement to Strengthen Native Nation Building and Rural Development☆ 共同的理想,但持续的障碍:改善部落与大学的研究合作,加强原住民国家建设和农村发展☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12559
Laticia J. Herkshan, Georgia M. Hart‐Fredeluces, Elizabeth A. Redd, TJ Tso, Morey Burnham
Research partnerships between Tribal Nations and rural colleges and universities can support rural development and strengthen Tribal Nation building through reclamation of economic, political, cultural, and social affairs. However, Tribal Nation–University relationships have received little attention in rural sociology. While scholars identify best practices for research engagement in light of colonial harms, the ideal visions that Tribally and university‐affiliated people have for research partnerships and the barriers to achieving those ideals are poorly understood. Without identifying these visions and barriers, we risk making wrong assumptions about each party's needs and cannot implement appropriate policies. Semi‐structured interviews with Tribally‐affiliated (n = 20) and university‐affiliated (n = 20) people in rural southeastern Idaho suggest, contrary to literature on best practices for collaborative research, that participants in both groups viewed what we term “Tribally‐responsive research engagement” as ideal, though few projects met this goal. Tribally‐responsive research directly addressed Tribal priorities but did not necessarily involve close collaboration. The University's failure to acknowledge past or colonial harms, university‐affiliated researchers' historicization of those harms, and negative Native student experiences reinforced distrust, limiting desired research engagement. In sum, Tribally‐responsive research engagement could strengthen Native Nation building, but requires universities to acknowledge harms, create more welcoming campus environments, and prioritize Tribal benefits in research.
部落民族与农村高等院校之间的研究伙伴关系可以支持农村发展,并通过开垦经济、政治、文化和社会事务来加强部落民族建设。然而,部落民族与大学之间的关系在农村社会学中很少受到关注。虽然学者们根据殖民地的危害确定了研究参与的最佳实践,但人们对部落和大学附属人员对研究合作关系的理想愿景以及实现这些理想的障碍却知之甚少。如果不确定这些愿景和障碍,我们就有可能对各方的需求做出错误的假设,也就无法实施适当的政策。对爱达荷州东南部农村地区的部落成员(20 人)和大学成员(20 人)进行的半结构式访谈表明,与有关合作研究最佳实践的文献相反,这两个群体的参与者都认为我们所说的 "部落响应式研究参与 "是理想的,尽管实现这一目标的项目很少。响应部落需求的研究直接针对部落的优先事项,但并不一定涉及密切合作。大学不承认过去或殖民时期造成的伤害,大学附属研究人员将这些伤害历史化,以及土著学生的负面经历加深了不信任,限制了理想的研究参与。总之,响应部落需求的研究参与可以加强原住民国家建设,但需要大学承认伤害,创造更受欢迎的校园环境,并在研究中优先考虑部落利益。
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引用次数: 0
Uneven Growth and Unexpected Drivers of Ethnoracial Diversity across Nonmetropolitan and Metropolitan America☆ 美国非大都市和大都市人种多样性的不均衡增长和意想不到的驱动因素☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12565
Matthew M. Brooks, J. Tom Mueller, Brian C. Thiede, Daniel T. Lichter
High levels of ethnoracial diversity are a defining demographic characteristic of U.S. metropolitan areas, but the role of diversity in nonmetropolitan areas is often underappreciated. Here, we use Decennial Census data from 2000 to 2020 to evaluate growing ethnoracial diversity in nonmetropolitan counties and to highlight the uneven geographic distribution of diversity, and changes therein, across nonmetropolitan America. We measure levels of diversity using Simpson's Diversity Index and describe underlying changes in ethnoracial composition. We then produce counterfactual estimates to measure how population change among seven ethnoracial groups has contributed to changes in diversity and compare exposure to diversity across geography and ethnoracial groups. We find that ethnoracial diversity in nonmetropolitan counties has grown by nearly thirty percent in the past twenty years but has remained firmly below that of metropolitan counties. Importantly, nonmetropolitan diversity is increasing due to both growing multiracial and Hispanic populations and the decreasing absolute size of White populations. County‐level exposure to diversity among White populations and populations from minoritized ethnoracial groups has also converged substantially. Overall, growing nonmetropolitan diversity is driven by multiple complex sources and is spatially heterogeneous. Understanding these patterns is important given the centrality of ethnoracial change to the nation's demographic future.
高度的人种多样性是美国大都市地区的一个决定性人口特征,但多样性在非大都市地区的作用往往未得到充分重视。在此,我们使用 2000 年至 2020 年的十年人口普查数据来评估非大都市县日益增长的人种多样性,并强调多样性在美国非大都市的不均衡地理分布及其变化。我们使用辛普森多样性指数衡量多样性水平,并描述人种构成的基本变化。然后,我们进行了反事实估算,以衡量七个人种群体的人口变化如何导致了多样性的变化,并比较了不同地理位置和人种群体对多样性的影响。我们发现,在过去二十年中,非大都市县的人种多样性增长了近 30%,但仍远远低于大都市县。重要的是,由于多种族和西班牙裔人口的增长以及白人人口绝对数量的减少,非大都市的多样性正在增加。在县级层面,白人人口和少数民族人口的多元化程度也大幅趋同。总体而言,非大都市多样性的增长受到多种复杂来源的驱动,并且在空间上具有异质性。鉴于人种变化对国家人口未来的核心作用,了解这些模式非常重要。
{"title":"Uneven Growth and Unexpected Drivers of Ethnoracial Diversity across Nonmetropolitan and Metropolitan America☆","authors":"Matthew M. Brooks, J. Tom Mueller, Brian C. Thiede, Daniel T. Lichter","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12565","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of ethnoracial diversity are a defining demographic characteristic of U.S. metropolitan areas, but the role of diversity in nonmetropolitan areas is often underappreciated. Here, we use Decennial Census data from 2000 to 2020 to evaluate growing ethnoracial diversity in nonmetropolitan counties and to highlight the uneven geographic distribution of diversity, and changes therein, across nonmetropolitan America. We measure levels of diversity using Simpson's Diversity Index and describe underlying changes in ethnoracial composition. We then produce counterfactual estimates to measure how population change among seven ethnoracial groups has contributed to changes in diversity and compare exposure to diversity across geography and ethnoracial groups. We find that ethnoracial diversity in nonmetropolitan counties has grown by nearly thirty percent in the past twenty years but has remained firmly below that of metropolitan counties. Importantly, nonmetropolitan diversity is increasing due to both growing multiracial and Hispanic populations and the decreasing absolute size of White populations. County‐level exposure to diversity among White populations and populations from minoritized ethnoracial groups has also converged substantially. Overall, growing nonmetropolitan diversity is driven by multiple complex sources and is spatially heterogeneous. Understanding these patterns is important given the centrality of ethnoracial change to the nation's demographic future.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Presidential Address: Reconceptualizing Rurality and Nurturing Rural Sociological Souls☆ 主席致辞:重新认识乡村性,培育乡村社会学灵魂☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12566
Jennifer Sherman
This address focuses on the importance of inclusivity and diversity to the future of the Rural Sociological Society. It begins by sharing the author's experiences within the society as a rural‐focused scholar trained in a Sociology department without strong ties to the RSS, and the challenges she faced in earning recognition in the RSS. It goes on to explore the development of the RSS and the ways in which this history continues to shape who is and isn’t perceived as a rural sociologist. It then argues that the society should strive to be more inclusive in the ways it conceptualizes both rurality and rural sociology. This inclusivity should be extended to those who care about rural places and populations and treat them with respect, regardless of whether they were trained in historic departments of Rural Sociology. The Society should view multidisciplinarity as a benefit, not a detriment to its long‐term health and flourishing. The address ends by calling upon members to engage in the work of nurturing rural sociological souls wherever they are trained and working. It emphasizes the importance of a renewed commitment to diversity and inclusivity in multiple forms.
这篇演讲的重点是包容性和多样性对农村社会学会未来的重要性。文章首先分享了作者作为一名在与 RSS 没有紧密联系的社会学系接受培训的专注于农村问题的学者在该学会中的经历,以及她在获得 RSS 承认时所面临的挑战。文章接着探讨了 RSS 的发展,以及这段历史如何继续影响着人们对农村社会学家的看法。然后,文章认为,社会应努力提高其对农村和农村社会学概念的包容性。这种包容性应扩展到那些关心农村地区和人口并尊重他们的人,无论他们是否在历史悠久的农村社会学系接受过培训。学会应将多学科性视为其长期健康和蓬勃发展的有利因素,而不是不利因素。讲话最后呼吁会员们参与培养农村社会学灵魂的工作,无论他们在哪里接受培训和工作。它强调了以多种形式重新致力于多样性和包容性的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions and Experiences of Gender Transformative Approaches in Rural Honduras* 洪都拉斯农村地区对性别变革方法的看法和经验*
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12567
Hazel Velasco Palacios, Paige Castellanos, Leif Jensen, Janelle Larson, Francisco Alfredo Reyes Rocha, Carolyn Sachs, Arie Sanders, Kathleen Sexsmith
This research examines the potential of gender‐transformative approaches (GTAs) to improve gender equality in agricultural extension programs and food security through experiential learning and participatory methods. Scholars of gender and agriculture have long highlighted the gender gap in access to agricultural resources; to address this issue, development organizations have integrated GTAs into their initiatives. The article presents an empirical case study of a gender transformative‐farmer field school (GTA‐FFS) in rural Honduras and examines participants' perceptions of the short‐ and long‐term benefits and limitations of these programs. The findings indicate that GTA‐FFSs can provide participants with valuable knowledge and skills in agriculture, but structural barriers such as lack of suitable land, access to water, labor, and time hinder their ability to apply the learnings. These barriers are particularly salient for women participants. This research contributes to the literature on GTAs by identifying structural barriers to their short‐ and long‐term success. It also offers insights for development practitioners and policymakers engaged in advancing gender equality and food security in rural contexts; in particular, strengthening the rural social safety net.
本研究探讨了性别变革方法(GTAs)在通过体验式学习和参与式方法改善农业推广计划中的性别平等和粮食安全方面的潜力。长期以来,研究性别和农业问题的学者们一直强调在获取农业资源方面存在的性别差距;为解决这一问题,发展组织已将性别转变方法纳入其举措中。本文对洪都拉斯农村地区的性别变革-农民田间学校(GTA-FFS)进行了实证案例研究,并考察了参与者对这些项目的短期和长期益处及局限性的看法。研究结果表明,GTA-FFS 可以为参与者提供宝贵的农业知识和技能,但缺乏合适的土地、水源、劳动力和时间等结构性障碍阻碍了他们应用所学知识的能力。这些障碍对女性参与者尤为突出。本研究通过确定阻碍全球培训计划取得短期和长期成功的结构性障碍,为有关全球培训计划的文献做出了贡献。它还为在农村环境中促进性别平等和粮食安全的发展实践者和政策制定者提供了见解,尤其是在加强农村社会安全网方面。
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引用次数: 0
Food Security for Rural Africa: Feeding the Farmers First, by TerryLeahy, New York: Routledge, 2019. 246 pp. $42.36 (paper). ISBN:9780367665753. 非洲农村的粮食安全:特里-莱希(TerryLeahy)著,纽约:Routledge, 2019.246页。42.36美元(纸质版)。ISBN:9780367665753。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12562
Hannah Dixon Everett
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引用次数: 0
The Geology, Ecology, and Human History of the San Luis Valley, by Jared MaxwellBeeton, Charles NicholasSaenz, and Benjamin JamesWaddell, Louisville: University Press of Colorado, 2020. 518 pp. $36.95. ISBN: 978‐1‐64642‐041‐4. 圣路易斯山谷的地质学、生态学和人类历史》,贾里德-马克斯韦尔-比顿、查尔斯-尼古拉斯-萨恩兹和本杰明-詹姆斯-瓦德尔著,路易斯维尔:科罗拉多大学出版社,2020 年。518 页。$36.95.ISBN:978-1-64642-041-4。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12561
Daniel Guarín
{"title":"The Geology, Ecology, and Human History of the San Luis Valley, by Jared MaxwellBeeton, Charles NicholasSaenz, and Benjamin JamesWaddell, Louisville: University Press of Colorado, 2020. 518 pp. $36.95. ISBN: 978‐1‐64642‐041‐4.","authors":"Daniel Guarín","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142090038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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