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Saviors and Services: The Interface of Neoliberal Deprivation, Hegemonic Christianity, Social Exclusion, and Rural Church Resource Provision☆ 救世主与服务:新自由主义剥夺、霸权基督教、社会排斥和乡村教会资源供应的界面
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12470
Amy M. Magnus, Alyse Sherrick
With one-third of rural areas in the United States living in persistently high poverty, churches are some of the most prolific—and often only—sources of resource-provision in rural places. This paper qualitatively examines the complex role that churches play as resource providers in rural areas. Further, we examine the ways churches are helpful and/or harmful in meeting the needs of those experiencing vulnerability. We fuse hegemonic Christianity with social exclusion and neoliberalism to argue that rural people may not only experience ostracization and othering, but can also lose access to already-limited resources in rural areas as a result. Using community-based action research, ethnography, 47 semi-structured interviews, and research participant-driven photography from a town we call Gordon, we find that while churches are important resource-providers, they perpetuate hegemonic Christianity, hold exclusionary power, and act as critical gatekeepers for resources. This often results in ostracization and jeopardizes resource provision for those most vulnerable. This is a critical finding that demonstrates the complexity of resource provision, church influence, and rurality. We highlight participants’ suggestions for ways to expand services in rural places without solely relying on religious organizations.
由于美国三分之一的农村地区一直生活在高度贫困中,教堂是农村地区资源供应最丰富的——通常也是唯一的——来源之一。本文定性地考察了教会在农村地区作为资源提供者所扮演的复杂角色。此外,我们还考察了教会在满足那些经历脆弱的人的需求方面是有益的还是有害的。我们将霸权基督教与社会排斥和新自由主义融合在一起,认为农村人民不仅可能遭受排斥和其他,而且还可能因此失去获得农村地区本已有限的资源的机会。通过以社区为基础的行动研究、民族志、47次半结构化访谈和来自戈登镇的研究参与者驱动的摄影,我们发现,虽然教堂是重要的资源提供者,但它们使基督教的霸权永久化,拥有排斥性权力,并充当资源的关键守门人。这往往导致排斥,并危及向最弱势群体提供资源。这是一个重要的发现,证明了资源供应、教会影响和乡村性的复杂性。我们重点讨论了与会者提出的在不单纯依靠宗教组织的情况下扩大农村地区服务的建议。
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引用次数: 1
Food Expensiveness in Scotland's Remote Areas: An Analysis of Household Food Purchases ☆ 苏格兰偏远地区食品价格昂贵:家庭食品购买分析
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12468
C. Revoredo‐Giha, C. Russo
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether consumers in Scotland’s remote areas suffer from food prices that are higher than the average national prices (i.e., whether a ‘remoteness premium’ exists). The question has been raised by several organisations in those communities looking at the high prices in local stores. This paper provides a new perspective using actual purchasing prices of a sample of 5,252 households in Scotland for 2017 and 2018. In this way, households’ ability to shop for lower prices is considered, unlike previous studies. The Aguiar and Hurst (2007) expensiveness index (AHEI) was computed to measure of expensiveness of food at household level and controlling for differences in quality. It showed that consumers in remote areas pay a small premium (0.3 to 0.4 per cent) with respect to average prices, which is statistically significant but economically not relevant. To understand the effect of several factors, AHEI was regressed on a number of explanatory variables including local area characteristics and household demographics and consumers’ shopping strategy. The results were used to simulate three hypothetical scenarios related to impact of changes in population’s age, access to discount stores and social deprivation on food expensiveness.
本文的目的是调查苏格兰偏远地区的消费者是否遭受高于全国平均价格的食品价格(即,是否存在“偏远溢价”)。这些社区的几个组织在关注当地商店的高价时提出了这个问题。本文使用2017年和2018年苏格兰5252户家庭样本的实际购买价格提供了一个新的视角。通过这种方式,与之前的研究不同,家庭购买较低价格的能力被考虑在内。Aguiar和Hurst(2007)的价格指数(AHEI)被计算来衡量家庭层面的食品价格,并控制质量差异。研究表明,偏远地区的消费者相对于平均价格支付了少量溢价(0.3%至0.4%),这在统计上很重要,但在经济上无关紧要。为了了解几个因素的影响,AHEI对一些解释变量进行了回归,包括当地地区特征、家庭人口统计和消费者的购物策略。结果被用来模拟三种假设情景,这些情景与人口年龄变化、折扣店准入和社会剥夺对食品价格的影响有关。
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引用次数: 0
The Farming Question: Intergenerational Linkages, Gender and Youth Aspirations in Rural Zambia ☆ 农业问题:赞比亚农村的代际联系、性别和青年愿望
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12469
Oluwafemi Ogunjimi, T. Daum, J. Kariuki
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引用次数: 1
The Link between Internet Activity and Community Experience in Rural Utah☆ 犹他州农村地区互联网活动与社区体验的关系
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12467
Kayci M. Muirbrook, Michael R. Cope, Scott R. Sanders
The growth of high-speed Internet access in rural communities is a relatively recent event. In this exploratory study, we contribute to the literature regarding the Internet and local community by analyzing the influence of Internet activity on community experience, measured through community satisfaction and attachment, using the systemic model as controls. After surveying 24 rural communities in Utah, USA once in 2008 and again in 2017 with a cumulative analytic sample size of 2,236, we find a negative association between increased use of the Internet for amenity purposes and community experience. While our models show mixed findings that community experience has decreased over time in rural areas, we find evidence that Internet activities can affect community experience, strengthening arguments that researchers should control for more than merely Internet access. Due to the associations between Internet activities and community experience, we argue that rural policymakers should find place-based ways to strengthen community experience.
农村地区高速互联网接入的增长是一个相对较新的事件。在这一探索性研究中,我们利用系统模型作为对照,分析了互联网活动对社区体验的影响,并通过社区满意度和依恋来衡量互联网活动对社区体验的影响。在2008年和2017年分别对美国犹他州的24个农村社区进行了一次调查,累计分析样本量为2236个,我们发现以便利为目的增加互联网使用与社区体验之间存在负相关关系。虽然我们的模型显示了不同的结果,即农村地区的社区体验随着时间的推移而减少,但我们发现了互联网活动可以影响社区体验的证据,这加强了研究人员应该控制的不仅仅是互联网接入的论点。鉴于互联网活动与社区体验之间的关联,我们认为农村政策制定者应该寻找基于地的方式来加强社区体验。
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引用次数: 0
Jim Crow Sociology: The Black and Southern Roots of American Sociology, byEarl WrightII, Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati Press, 2020. 250 pp. $50.00 (hardback). ISBN: 978‐1‐947602‐57‐1. 《吉姆·克劳社会学:美国社会学的黑人和南方根源》,赖特著,辛辛那提,俄亥俄州:辛辛那提大学出版社,2020年。250页,50美元(精装本)。ISBN: 978量1量947602 57量1。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12464
Julie Zimmerman
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引用次数: 0
The Cambridge Handbook of Environmental Sociology, edited byKatharineLegun, Julie C.Keller, MichaelCarolan and Michael M.Bell, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 1200 pp. $360 (2 Volume Hardback Set). ISBN: 978‐1‐108‐42930‐6. 《剑桥环境社会学手册》,凯瑟琳·埃勒根、朱莉·c·凯勒、迈克尔·卡洛兰和迈克尔·m·贝尔主编,纽约:剑桥大学出版社,2020年。1200页。$360(2卷精装集)。ISBN: 978量量108还是42930 6。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12466
M. R. Cope
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引用次数: 0
Framing Prior Consultation in Brazil: Ethnographic Perspectives on Limits of Participation and Multi‐Cultural Politics, by CharlotteSchumann, Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2018. 333 pp. $45.00 (paper). ISBN: 978‐3‐8376‐4175‐2. 《在巴西框架事先协商:参与限制和多元文化政治的民族志视角》,作者:CharlotteSchumann,比勒费尔德:Transcript Verlag, 2018。333页,45美元(纸质版)。ISBN: 978量3量8376还是4175量2。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12465
T. Esnard
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives of Agroforestry Practitioners on Agroforestry Adoption: Case Study of Selected SARE Participants☆ 农林业从业者对农林业采用的看法:以SARE选定参与者为例研究☆
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-20 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12463
Olga Romanova, Michael A. Gold, Damon M. Hall, Mary K. Hendrickson
Agroforestry practices offer a compelling addition to conventional agriculture as they provide a broad range of economic, ecological, and social benefits. Despite its recognized potential, broad on-the-ground adoption of U.S. agroforestry remains limited. Factors influencing agroforestry adoption and dissemination bottlenecks by actual practitioners are underexplored. While previous studies have focused mostly on landowner and farmer interests in agroforestry, without them necessarily being practitioners, this research details the perspective of those who have actively implemented some agroforestry practices. Early adopters of agroforestry represent an essential catalyst for future agroforestry diffusion. Better understanding of the factors influencing their decisions and reasons behind agroforestry practice adoption will help to support and promote wider adoption. This research study documents the what and why questions of early-stage agroforestry adoption and the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence both adoption and discontinuation decisions. Recommendations are offered to target and attract more agroforestry practitioners.
农林业实践为传统农业提供了一个令人信服的补充,因为它们提供了广泛的经济、生态和社会效益。尽管美国农林业具有公认的潜力,但其在实地的广泛采用仍然有限。影响农林业采用和传播瓶颈的因素尚未得到实际从业者的充分探讨。虽然以前的研究主要侧重于土地所有者和农民在农林业中的利益,而不一定是实践者,但本研究详细介绍了那些积极实施一些农林业实践的人的观点。农林业的早期采用者是未来农林业传播的重要催化剂。更好地了解影响其决定的因素和采用农林业做法背后的原因将有助于支持和促进更广泛的采用。本研究记录了早期农林业采用的内容和原因问题,以及影响采用和终止决策的内在和外在因素。提出了针对和吸引更多农林业从业人员的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Hardship in the Heartland: Associations Between Rurality, Income, and Material Hardship. 中心地带的困境:乡村、收入和物质困难之间的关联》。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12435
Aislinn Conrad, Megan Ronnenberg

One in three U.S. households has experienced material hardship. The inadequate provision of basic needs, including food, healthcare, and transportation, is more typical in households with children or persons of color, yet little is known about material hardship in rural spaces. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of material hardships in Iowa and examine the relationship between rurality, income, and material hardship. Using data from the 2016 State Innovation Model Statewide Consumer Survey, we use logistic regression to examine the association between rurality, income, and four forms of material hardship. Rural respondents incurred lower odds than non-rural respondents for all four hardship models. All four models indicated that lower income respondents incurred greater odds for having material hardship. Material hardship was reported across all groups, with rurality, income, race, and age as strong predictors of material hardship among our sample.

每三个美国家庭中就有一个经历过物质困难。在有孩子或有色人种的家庭中,食物、医疗保健和交通等基本需求得不到充分满足的情况更为普遍,但人们对农村地区的物质困难却知之甚少。本研究旨在描述爱荷华州物质困难的普遍程度,并考察乡村、收入和物质困难之间的关系。利用 2016 年国家创新模式全州消费者调查的数据,我们使用逻辑回归法研究了乡村、收入和四种形式的物质困难之间的关联。在所有四种艰苦条件模型中,农村受访者比非农村受访者的几率都要低。所有四个模型都表明,收入较低的受访者遭受物质困难的几率更大。在我们的样本中,农村、收入、种族和年龄都是物质困难的主要预测因素。
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引用次数: 0
Climate Change, Agrarian Distress, and the Feminization of Agriculture in South Asia. 气候变化、农业困境和南亚农业女性化。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12439
Emily M L Southard, Heather Randell

Agrarian distress-the experience wherein sustaining an agricultural livelihood becomes increasingly challenging-is well documented in South Asia. Another regional trend is the feminization of agriculture, or an increase in women's work and decision-making in agriculture. Scholars have recently linked these two phenomena, demonstrating that agrarian distress results in the movement of men out of agriculture, driving women into the sector. Yet what remains underexplored is the relationship between climate change, a contributor to agrarian distress, and the feminization of agriculture. To examine this, we link socioeconomic and demographic data from India, Bangladesh, and Nepal to high-resolution gridded climate data. We then estimate a set of multivariate regression models to explore linkages between recent temperature and precipitation variability from historical norms and the likelihood that a woman works in agriculture. Results suggest that hotter-than-normal conditions in the year prior to the survey are associated with an increased likelihood of working in agriculture among women. This relationship is particularly strong among married women and women with less than a primary education. While more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms between climate change and the feminization of agriculture, our findings suggest a need for gender-sensitive climate change adaptation strategies.

在南亚,农业困境--维持农业生计变得越来越具有挑战性--是有据可查的。另一个区域趋势是农业女性化,即妇女在农业领域的工作和决策增加。最近有学者将这两种现象联系起来,证明农业困境导致男性退出农业,从而推动女性进入农业部门。然而,气候变化是造成农业困境的一个因素,而农业女性化与气候变化之间的关系仍未得到充分探讨。为了研究这个问题,我们将印度、孟加拉国和尼泊尔的社会经济和人口数据与高分辨率网格气候数据联系起来。然后,我们估算了一组多元回归模型,以探索近期气温和降水量变化与历史标准之间的联系,以及女性从事农业工作的可能性。结果表明,调查前一年比正常情况更热的条件与妇女从事农业工作的可能性增加有关。这种关系在已婚妇女和小学以下学历妇女中尤为明显。虽然还需要更多的研究来充分了解气候变化与农业女性化之间的机制,但我们的研究结果表明,需要制定对性别问题有敏感认识的气候变化适应战略。
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引用次数: 0
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RURAL SOCIOLOGY
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