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Searching for Higher Ground: Watershed Migration and Cultural Curation in the Fallout of Disaster* 寻找高地:灾难余波中的分水岭迁移与文化策展*
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12578
Brandon Folse, Nicholas Theis, Daniel Shtob
Due to land loss from sea level rise, subsidence, and hurricanes, coastal Louisiana residents face decisions about whether and how to move to live more securely. These (seemingly) biophysical processes are compounded by sociocultural evolution and technological progress, which often make rural people and communities feel devalued. Using these observations as a background, we ask: how do disaster‐related migration strategies correspond to broader migration trends nationally and globally? And, how do local, place‐based cultures influence and permeate these migration decisions and strategies? We rely on 32 interviews with those who are from southeastern Louisiana and are connected to local seafood industries. Using the Intracoastal Canal as a line of risk demarcation, respondents were recruited as either stayers (those residing south of the canal) or migrants (those who moved north of the canal or elsewhere). We find that within both groups, many individuals and/or their family members participate in watershed migration and cultural curation, practices of moving up the bayou toward safer ground and bringing place‐based practices along with this movement. We conclude by highlighting how the non‐linear experiences of migrants are part of larger historical narratives and practices of change, migration, and cultural and physical survival.
由于海平面上升、地表沉降和飓风造成的土地流失,路易斯安那州沿海居民面临着是否搬迁以及如何搬迁才能生活得更安全的抉择。这些(看似)生物物理过程与社会文化演变和技术进步相辅相成,往往使农村居民和社区感到被贬低。以这些观察为背景,我们不禁要问:与灾害相关的移民策略如何与国家和全球范围内更广泛的移民趋势相对应?当地的地方文化又是如何影响和渗透这些移民决策和策略的?我们对来自路易斯安那州东南部并与当地海鲜产业相关的 32 位人士进行了访谈。以沿海内运河为风险分界线,受访者被招募为留守者(居住在运河以南的居民)或迁移者(迁移到运河以北或其他地方的居民)。我们发现,在这两个群体中,许多人和/或其家庭成员都参与了流域迁移和文化整理,即沿着河口向更安全的地方迁移,并在迁移的同时将以地方为基础的习俗带入其中。最后,我们强调了移民的非线性经历如何成为更大的历史叙事以及变革、迁移、文化和物质生存实践的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
The Lies of the Land: Seeing Rural America for What It Is—And Isn't, by StevenConn, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2023. 320 pp. $29.00 (cloth). ISBN: 978‐0‐226‐82690‐5. 《土地的谎言:看美国农村是什么和不是什么》,作者:斯蒂夫康恩,芝加哥,伊利诺斯州:芝加哥大学出版社,2023年。320页,29.00美元(布)。ISBN: 978量0量226还是82690 5。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12580
Michael R. Cope
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引用次数: 0
Land Tenure and Security: State‐Peasant Relations in the Amhara Highlands, Ethiopia, by SveinEge (ed.), Rochester: James Currey, 2019. 207 pp. $95.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978‐1847012241. 土地权属与安全:埃塞俄比亚阿姆哈拉高地的国家与农民关系,斯韦尼格主编,罗切斯特:詹姆斯·柯里,2019。207页,95美元(精装)。ISBN: 978 1847012241。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12581
Haylie M. June
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引用次数: 0
A Growing Willow: The Six Rs Indigenous Research Framework—Stories of the Native American Faculty Journey in STEM* 杨柳依依:六R土著研究框架--美国土著教师在科学、技术、工程和数学领域的历程*
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12576
Ranalda L. Tsosie, Ke Wu, Anne D. Grant, Jennifer Harrington, Stephan T. Chase, Aaron Thomas, Damian Chase‐Begay, Salena Beaumont Hill, Annjeanette Belcourt, Ruth Plenty Sweetgrass‐She Kills
Native American faculty in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (NAF‐STEM) disciplines are historically underrepresented. Creating inclusive academia for Indigenous people that typically live and thrive in rural communities requires insights into their personal, relational, and collective experiences. This study was guided by the Six Rs: relationship, respect, responsibility, relevance, representation, and reciprocity, and was informed by Indigenous Research Methodologies. Twelve NAF‐STEM from tribal colleges and non‐tribal institutions were asked to share their perspectives and experiences in seven Research Circles. NAF‐STEM joined sequential hybrid workshops over seven weeks on how to conduct qualitative data analysis. Authors conducted analysis on the transcripts of Research Circles for themes associated with the professional satisfaction and success of NAF‐STEM. Results of the study identified the importance of holistic support systems that remain mindful of both the opportunities and challenges facing NAF‐STEM and emphasize the significance of balancing the need for respectful relationships, adequate representation, shared responsibility, relevance of diversity, and reciprocity in STEM. Through implementation of the Six Rs throughout the research process, the study identified successes, support systems, and challenges of NAF‐STEM at both tribal and non‐tribal colleges and universities. These outcomes can inform institutions to create an equitable and inclusive environment for NAF‐STEM.
美国原住民科学、技术、工程和数学(NAF-STEM)学科的教师人数历来不足。原住民通常生活在农村社区,要为他们创建包容性的学术界,就必须深入了解他们的个人、关系和集体经历。本研究以 "六R "为指导:关系、尊重、责任、相关性、代表性和互惠,并借鉴了土著研究方法。来自部落学院和非部落机构的 12 名 NAF-STEM 受邀在七个研究圈中分享他们的观点和经验。NAF-STEM 参加了为期七周的混合研讨会,学习如何进行定性数据分析。作者对 "研究圈 "的记录进行了分析,寻找与 NAF-STEM 的职业满意度和成功相关的主题。研究结果确定了整体支持系统的重要性,该系统始终关注 NAF-STEM 所面临的机遇和挑战,并强调了在 STEM 中平衡相互尊重的关系、充分的代表性、共同的责任、多样性的相关性和互惠的重要性。通过在整个研究过程中实施 "六个 R",本研究确定了部落和非部落高校在 NAF-STEM 方面的成功经验、支持系统和挑战。这些成果可以为各院校创造一个公平、包容的 NAF-STEM 环境提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Eco‐Esteem and Depopulation: Broadening the Perspective on the Demographic Challenge in the Rural World* 生态自尊与人口减少:拓宽农村世界人口挑战的视野*
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12575
Germán Jaraíz‐Arroyo, Esteban Ruíz‐Ballesteros, María Cristina Gálvez García
The dynamics of contemporary rural depopulation have been explained and addressed mainly as a result of structural transformations brought about by economic globalization. The influence of cultural/relational aspects has been less present in the scientific literature, where much of the analysis has been concerned with questions such as the effect of bond and attachment to the local. In connection with this matter, our paper explores how the interactions between social capital and community resilience dynamics affect decisions to leave or stay. The paper finds that the link between social capital and local resilience strategies is mediated by interdependent pattern. To understand how these connections are shaped and operate, we propose the notion of eco‐esteem, understanding it as a pattern of linkages with the socio‐ecosystem, determined by relationships and practices, which conditions people's attitudes, behaviors, expectations and, ultimately, their decisions to stay in or leave the rural world. To demonstrate the usefulness of this theoretical‐methodological perspective, we present a qualitative ethnographic case study in two municipalities in Extremadura (Spain), which are similar in their socio‐demographic characteristics, but which experience significantly different depopulation dynamics.
当代农村人口减少的动态主要是作为经济全球化带来的结构转型的结果来解释和处理的。在科学文献中,文化/关系方面的影响较少出现,大部分分析关注的是纽带效应和对当地的依恋等问题。关于这个问题,我们的论文探讨了社会资本与社区复原力之间的相互作用如何影响离开或留下的决定。论文发现,社会资本与地方复原力战略之间的联系是以相互依存的模式为中介的。为了理解这些联系是如何形成和运作的,我们提出了生态尊严的概念,将其理解为由关系和实践决定的与社会生态系统的联系模式,它决定了人们的态度、行为和期望,并最终决定他们留在或离开农村世界。为了证明这一理论-方法视角的实用性,我们在埃斯特雷马杜拉(西班牙)的两个城市开展了一项定性人种学案例研究。
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引用次数: 0
Towards an Emplaced Vocabulary of Motive: Senses of Place and Land Sale Decision‐Making in the Northern Great Plains* 迈向动机的地方词汇:北部大平原的地域感与土地出售决策*
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12574
Danielle Schmidt
One of the most remote regions in the contiguous United States, the Upper Missouri River Breaks in the Northern Great Plains of Montana is both “cattle country” and “pristine prairie”: an identity that brings repeated tension over land use. Over the last twenty years, a conservation organization with a mission to rewild the region has purchased thousands of acres of ranchland from willing sellers despite widespread agricultural community resistance. In this study, I interview those who chose to sell and those who chose to stay, and I ask how landowners justify their decisions to sell, or not sell, their land. By using what C. Wright Mills calls “vocabularies of motive,” I investigate two central questions. The first asks why a landowner would sell land against what social norms would dictate to be “right.” The second asks why a landowner would not sell land, given the perceived inevitable eventual loss of a regional agricultural livelihood. I suggest one way to understand these questions is by considering how senses of place shape what decision‐makers believe to be the most justifiable course of action. Extending the vocabulary of motive framework to include senses of place better informs the understanding of land sale decision‐making. Though deeply contextual, the themes running through this case (i.e., ongoing existential threats to the agricultural industry, booms in the buying power of private philanthropists, and decision making in socially and politically contentious spaces) are relevant to a broader understanding of shifts within agricultural communities and the ongoing perceived “battle” between production and conservation.
位于蒙大拿州北部大平原的密苏里河上游断裂带是美国毗连地区中最偏远的地区之一,这里既是 "牧牛之乡",又是 "原始草原":这一身份带来了土地使用问题上的反复紧张。在过去的二十年里,一个以该地区野生化为使命的保护组织不顾农业社区的普遍抵制,从愿意出售者手中购买了数千英亩的牧场土地。在这项研究中,我采访了那些选择出售和选择留下的人,并询问土地所有者如何证明他们出售或不出售土地的决定是合理的。通过使用 C. Wright Mills 所说的 "动机词汇",我研究了两个核心问题。第一个问题是,为什么土地所有者会违反社会规范出售土地?第二个问题是,为什么土地所有者不出售土地,因为他认为最终不可避免地会失去地区农业生计。我认为,理解这些问题的一种方法是考虑地方感如何影响决策者认为最合理的行动方案。将动机框架的词汇扩展到地方感,可以更好地理解土地出让决策。尽管有深刻的背景,但贯穿本案例的主题(即农业产业面临的持续生存威胁、私人慈善家购买力的激增以及在社会和政治争议空间中的决策)与更广泛地理解农业社区内部的转变以及生产与保护之间持续的 "斗争 "是相关的。
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引用次数: 0
Saving the Wild or Saving the Cowboy? Cultural Conflict between the Old and Nouveau West* 拯救荒野还是拯救牛仔?旧西部和新西部之间的文化冲突 *
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12572
John Canfield
In North Central Montana, a land‐based conflict centered on the environmental organization American Prairie sparked the formation of the “Save the Cowboy, Stop the American Prairie Reserve” Facebook page, attracting posts and comments from ranchers and members of the area's agriculture‐dependent communities. Despite Montana's rapid amenity migration and rural gentrification, this region has largely maintained its Old West culture. Consequently, Save the Cowboy members often express frustration about how American Prairie's large‐scale rewilding initiative and land acquisitions affect the region's rural communities. In this qualitative content analysis, concerns about preserving the Old West culture and avoiding the New West transformation dominated Save the Cowboy's Facebook posts and comments (N = 1,002), even compared to the ostensibly more concerning economic and ecological issues. By describing a social space marked by cultural antagonisms between Old West insiders and New West outsiders, this study points to the dangers of essentializing Old West‐New West conflicts. Illustrating how Old West insiders deploy their cultural capital to contest rural change, it also expands the Old West‐New West typology by proposing the term “Nouveau West” to capture how Old West insiders assert dominance by disparaging newcomers who lack the requisite knowledge of how things are done locally.
在蒙大拿州中北部,一场以环保组织 "美国草原 "为中心的土地冲突引发了 "拯救牛仔,阻止美国草原保护区 "脸书页面的建立,吸引了来自牧场主和该地区依赖农业的社区成员的帖子和评论。尽管蒙大拿州的设施迁移和乡村城市化发展迅速,但这一地区仍在很大程度上保留了其古老的西部文化。因此,"拯救牛仔 "组织的成员经常对美国草原公司的大规模野化计划和土地收购如何影响该地区的农村社区表示不满。在这项定性内容分析中,保存旧西部文化和避免新西部转型的担忧在拯救牛仔的 Facebook 帖子和评论(N = 1,002)中占据了主导地位,即使与表面上更关心的经济和生态问题相比也是如此。通过描述旧西部内部人士与新西部外部人士之间文化对立的社会空间,本研究指出了将旧西部与新西部冲突本质化的危险。本研究阐述了老西部内部人如何利用其文化资本来对抗农村变革,并通过提出 "新西部 "这一术语来扩展老西部-新西部类型学,以捕捉老西部内部人如何通过贬低缺乏必要知识的新来者来维护其主导地位。
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引用次数: 0
The Watersheds Speak: The Voice of Ecosystems in Northern New York's Environmental Movements☆ 流域之声:生态系统在纽约北部环境运动中的声音☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12560
Blake Lavia, Tzintzun Aguilar‐Izzo, Leanne M. Avery
This paper explores how connectivity to place has brought life to contemporary environmental struggles in what is now known as New York State. Layers of memory, colonization, and stewardship are embedded within a community's relationship with their environment. By focusing on two case studies, the authors will illustrate how this relationship shaped successful place‐based resistance. Throughout our work, we offer the alternative methodology of ecocentric storytelling and artistic representation to elevate the voice of both ecosystems and all their inhabitants. Both case studies are centered on environmental/social movements that foreground the inherent personhood of the natural world. The first will focus on the Ashokan Reservoir, in the Catskill Mountains, on land guarded by the Lenape. It is a location that has suffered multiple waves of colonization and successfully resisted a large damming operation. The second case study will be centered on the Upper St. Lawrence River/Kaniatarowanénhne Watershed, Haudenosaunee Territory, where rural communities are uniting to grant Rights to the Rivers that bring life to their communities. Both cases exemplify the story of communities that defended their livelihoods and environments by uniting with their most reliable allies, the Water, and all their more‐than‐human guardians.
本文探讨了与地方的联系如何为纽约州的当代环境斗争带来生机。记忆、殖民化和管理的层层关系蕴含在社区与环境的关系中。通过重点关注两个案例研究,作者将说明这种关系如何成功塑造了以地方为基础的抗争。在整个作品中,我们提供了以生态为中心的讲故事和艺术表现的替代方法,以提升生态系统及其所有居民的声音。两个案例研究都以环境/社会运动为中心,强调自然世界固有的人格。第一个案例研究的重点是位于卡茨基尔山脉、由莱纳普人守护的阿肖坎水库。该水库曾经历多次殖民浪潮,并成功抵制了大型筑坝工程。第二个案例研究的中心是圣劳伦斯河上游/卡尼亚塔罗瓦内河流域,豪德诺索尼领地,那里的农村社区正在联合起来,赋予河流以权利,因为河流给他们的社区带来了生机。这两个案例都体现了社区通过与其最可靠的盟友--水--及其所有超越人类的守护者团结起来,捍卫其生计和环境的故事。
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引用次数: 0
Indigenous Perspectives on Dismantling the Legacies of Settler Colonialism in Rural Sociology☆ 从原住民视角解读乡村社会学中的定居殖民主义遗留问题☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12573
Clint Carroll, Andrew Curley, Doreen E. Martinez, Lindsey Schneider, Johann Strube
Rural Sociology has failed to incorporate Settler‐colonialism and Indigenous theory in studying rural social relations. This presents a serious gap in the discipline's conceptualization of land as the foundation of social reproduction. Indigenous theory provides rich insights about humans' relations among themselves and with the more‐than‐human that inform our understanding of Settler colonialism as a driver of social formation, and human–environmental interactions more generally. This paper, written by four Indigenous environmental social scientists and one Settler rural sociologist, invites the discipline to engage Indigeneity and Settler colonialism in methodologically, theoretically, and ethically appropriate ways.
农村社会学在研究农村社会关系时未能纳入定居殖民主义和土著理论。这在该学科将土地作为社会再生产基础的概念化方面造成了严重的缺陷。原住民理论为我们提供了关于人类之间以及人类与 "非人类 "之间关系的丰富见解,有助于我们理解作为社会形态驱动力的定居殖民主义,以及更广泛意义上的人类与环境互动关系。本论文由四位土著环境社会科学家和一位定居者农村社会学家共同撰写,邀请本学科以方法论、理论和伦理上适当的方式探讨土著性和定居者殖民主义。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Service Security for Public Health Resilience: Perception and Concerns in Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan☆ 能源服务安全促进公共卫生复原力:密歇根州上半岛西部的认知与担忧☆。
IF 2.3 3区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/ruso.12571
Shardul Tiwari, Zoē Ketola, Chelsea Schelly, Eric Boyer‐Cole
The Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan includes six rural counties and one Tribal Nation. The region is characterized by long winters, legacies of the extractive mining economy, and the infrastructural features of extreme rurality, including aging housing and low health service density. The region also faces exceptionally high electricity prices. There is limited research on the public health implications of energy service disruption in rural regions resulting from the increasing intensity and frequency of weather events caused by climate change. This article presents research findings examining the readiness of health facilities in this area to manage the rising intensity, severity, and frequency of severe weather that could disrupt energy services. The study also considers how this knowledge can guide decision‐making to improve energy service access and maintain resilient public health services in the region. This exploratory study utilized a qualitative approach that combines semi‐structured interviews with public health stakeholders and a short survey to triangulate the findings from health facilities. Given the pivotal role of dependable energy services in community health, these findings underscore the community's perception of self‐reliance as both an asset and a hurdle. This perception aligns with the realities of rural communities at the “end of the line” regarding critical infrastructure, which also serves as a formidable barrier to social organization and infrastructure access during energy service disruptions that can severely impact public health.
密歇根州西部上半岛包括六个农村县和一个部落民族。该地区的特点是冬季漫长、采矿经济遗留下来的问题以及极端农村的基础设施特点,包括住房老化和医疗服务密度低。该地区还面临着异常高昂的电价。由于气候变化导致天气事件的强度和频率不断增加,农村地区能源服务中断对公共健康的影响方面的研究十分有限。本文介绍了研究结果,探讨了该地区医疗卫生机构在应对可能中断能源服务的恶劣天气的强度、严重程度和频率不断增加方面的准备情况。研究还考虑了这些知识如何指导决策,以改善能源服务的获取,并保持该地区公共卫生服务的弹性。这项探索性研究采用了一种定性方法,将对公共卫生利益相关者的半结构式访谈与一项简短的调查相结合,以便对卫生机构的调查结果进行三角测量。鉴于可靠的能源服务在社区健康中的关键作用,这些研究结果强调了社区对自力更生的看法,认为它既是一种资产,也是一种障碍。这种观念与处于关键基础设施 "末端 "的农村社区的现实情况相吻合,这也成为能源服务中断期间社会组织和基础设施使用的巨大障碍,会严重影响公众健康。
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引用次数: 0
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RURAL SOCIOLOGY
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