In‐depth explorations of LGBTQ attitudes among rural Americans are sparse and often rely upon sweeping stereotypes that cluster all perspectives into one broad statement such as “homophobia” in the country. As a result, little is known about the relationships between rurality and the stigmatization of LGBTQ people. In addition, though research demonstrates that men are less supportive of LGBTQ people than women are, these patterns are unclear among rural Americans. In the current study, data from a sample of U.S. adults aged 18–64 stratified by the U.S. census categories of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and census region collected from online panelists (N = 2,802, n = 492 rural Americans) are utilized to investigate the relationships between rurality and attitudes toward lesbian women, gay men, bisexual women, bisexual men, trans women, trans men, nonbinary people, queer women, and queer men. Specifically, we offer a test of Norm‐Centered Stigma Theory with a focus on hetero‐cis‐normativity and intersecting experiences with social power (gender identity: cis women and cis men) as they relate to rurality and LGBTQ attitudes. Findings indicate that hetero‐cis‐normativity, rurality, and being a cisgender man are all significantly related to the stigmatization of LGBTQ people. Implications are provided.
{"title":"“Homophobia” in the Country? Rural America and the Stigmatization of LGBTQ People: An Empirical Test of Norm‐Centered Stigma Theory","authors":"Meredith G. F. Worthen, Melissa S. Jones","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12522","url":null,"abstract":"In‐depth explorations of LGBTQ attitudes among rural Americans are sparse and often rely upon sweeping stereotypes that cluster all perspectives into one broad statement such as “homophobia” in the country. As a result, little is known about the relationships between rurality and the stigmatization of LGBTQ people. In addition, though research demonstrates that men are less supportive of LGBTQ people than women are, these patterns are unclear among rural Americans. In the current study, data from a sample of U.S. adults aged 18–64 stratified by the U.S. census categories of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and census region collected from online panelists (N = 2,802, n = 492 rural Americans) are utilized to investigate the relationships between rurality and attitudes toward lesbian women, gay men, bisexual women, bisexual men, trans women, trans men, nonbinary people, queer women, and queer men. Specifically, we offer a test of Norm‐Centered Stigma Theory with a focus on hetero‐cis‐normativity and intersecting experiences with social power (gender identity: cis women and cis men) as they relate to rurality and LGBTQ attitudes. Findings indicate that hetero‐cis‐normativity, rurality, and being a cisgender man are all significantly related to the stigmatization of LGBTQ people. Implications are provided.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139602622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Groundwater Citizenship: Well Owners, Environmentalism, and the Depletion of the High Plains Aquifer, by BrockTernes, New York, NY: Lexington Books, 2022. 224 pp. Hardback $100, e‐book $45. ISBN (Hardback): 978‐1‐66690‐346‐1; ISBN (eBook): 978‐1‐66690‐347‐8.","authors":"Michael R. Cope","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12527","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chelsea Schelly, Valoree Gagnon, Kathleen Brosemer, Kristin Arola
In this paper, we reflect on our collective experiences engaging with Anishinaabe Tribal Nations in the Great Lakes region to support Tribal sovereignty in decision-making for food, energy, and water (FEW) systems. In these diverse experiences, we find common lessons. The first set of lessons contributes new empirical knowledge regarding the challenges and opportunities that rural Great Lakes Tribal Nations navigate for enacting sovereignty in decision-making. Our experiences illustrate that while Tribal Nations benefit from a broad and deep commitment to sovereignty and many cultural strengths, they are often challenged by shortages in administrative capacity; technical support; and embeddedness in economic, socio-cultural, and institutional dynamics that must be further negotiated for Tribes to enact the sovereignty to which they are inherently (and legally) entitled. Productive partnerships struggle when university partners fail to acknowledge these realities. The second set of lessons addresses the potential for, and challenges of, effective engagement processes. We find that engagement with university professionals is often mismatched with the priorities and needs of Tribal Nations. Effective engagement with Tribal Nations requires practical knowledge, applied assistance, and grounded, genuine relationships; these requirements often run counter to the institutional structures and priorities imposed by universities, federal funding agencies, and student recruitment. These findings, associated with both empirical knowledge and lessons on process, highlight shared insights on formidable barriers to effective engagement. Based on our firsthand experience working with rural Tribal Nations on FEW decision-making, we share these reflections with particular focus on lessons learned for professionals who engage, or hope to engage, with Tribal Nations in rural settings and offer opportunities to transform engagement processes to better support the immediate, practical needs of rural Tribal Nations.
{"title":"Engagement for Life's Sake: Reflections on Partnering and Partnership with Rural Tribal Nations☆","authors":"Chelsea Schelly, Valoree Gagnon, Kathleen Brosemer, Kristin Arola","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12519","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we reflect on our collective experiences engaging with Anishinaabe Tribal Nations in the Great Lakes region to support Tribal sovereignty in decision-making for food, energy, and water (FEW) systems. In these diverse experiences, we find common lessons. The first set of lessons contributes new empirical knowledge regarding the challenges and opportunities that rural Great Lakes Tribal Nations navigate for enacting sovereignty in decision-making. Our experiences illustrate that while Tribal Nations benefit from a broad and deep commitment to sovereignty and many cultural strengths, they are often challenged by shortages in administrative capacity; technical support; and embeddedness in economic, socio-cultural, and institutional dynamics that must be further negotiated for Tribes to enact the sovereignty to which they are inherently (and legally) entitled. Productive partnerships struggle when university partners fail to acknowledge these realities. The second set of lessons addresses the potential for, and challenges of, effective engagement processes. We find that engagement with university professionals is often mismatched with the priorities and needs of Tribal Nations. Effective engagement with Tribal Nations requires practical knowledge, applied assistance, and grounded, genuine relationships; these requirements often run counter to the institutional structures and priorities imposed by universities, federal funding agencies, and student recruitment. These findings, associated with both empirical knowledge and lessons on process, highlight shared insights on formidable barriers to effective engagement. Based on our firsthand experience working with rural Tribal Nations on FEW decision-making, we share these reflections with particular focus on lessons learned for professionals who engage, or hope to engage, with Tribal Nations in rural settings and offer opportunities to transform engagement processes to better support the immediate, practical needs of rural Tribal Nations.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139489919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article seeks to challenge essentialist comprehensions of rural Indigenous communities through examining one particular Mapuche community who were the recipients of a land subsidy. Mapuche people are the largest Indigenous group in Chile. Since the 1990s, the Chilean government, responding to calls for social justice, has purchased land and relocated Mapuche people, mostly landless or almost landless smallholder Indigenous peasants, to areas where they could own land. This study draws on qualitative data gathered from one Mapuche community throughout 2020 and early 2021. It examines the process by which these Mapuche Indigenous people became landowners, and the meanings of this transition for the rural community and households in terms of class differentiation. To this end, the article reflects on key aspects of rural everyday life, such as access to land and machinery. Firstly, it pays attention to the story behind the creation of a new Indigenous community, through analyzing the engagement of its members with the institutional path that was created by the Chilean State as a means of addressing Indigenous land struggles. This, in turn, shows how Indigenous communities can also be made while highlighting the disruptions triggered within such communities when engaging with these public schemes. Secondly, the article reflects on how the members of this new Indigenous community regard certain means of production, especially a communal tractor that was acquired through a Chilean State subsidy. In this respect, it shows how agrarian class formation is associated with these rural households' perceptions regarding their co-owned tractor. Through investigating shifting notions of rural Indigenous communities, it is concluded that dynamics of agrarian class differentiation led to community development, as well as demarking the contours of individual rural households within each community.
{"title":"The Making of an Indigenous Community and the Limits of Community: Class Differentiation and Social Ties in Southern Chile☆","authors":"Carlos Bolomey Córdova","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12518","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to challenge essentialist comprehensions of rural Indigenous communities through examining one particular Mapuche community who were the recipients of a land subsidy. Mapuche people are the largest Indigenous group in Chile. Since the 1990s, the Chilean government, responding to calls for social justice, has purchased land and relocated Mapuche people, mostly landless or almost landless smallholder Indigenous peasants, to areas where they could own land. This study draws on qualitative data gathered from one Mapuche community throughout 2020 and early 2021. It examines the process by which these Mapuche Indigenous people became landowners, and the meanings of this transition for the rural community and households in terms of class differentiation. To this end, the article reflects on key aspects of rural everyday life, such as access to land and machinery. Firstly, it pays attention to the story behind the creation of a new Indigenous community, through analyzing the engagement of its members with the institutional path that was created by the Chilean State as a means of addressing Indigenous land struggles. This, in turn, shows how Indigenous communities can also be made while highlighting the disruptions triggered within such communities when engaging with these public schemes. Secondly, the article reflects on how the members of this new Indigenous community regard certain means of production, especially a communal tractor that was acquired through a Chilean State subsidy. In this respect, it shows how agrarian class formation is associated with these rural households' perceptions regarding their co-owned tractor. Through investigating shifting notions of rural Indigenous communities, it is concluded that dynamics of agrarian class differentiation led to community development, as well as demarking the contours of individual rural households within each community.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138823281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following the general idea of place matters and based on the particular features of rural/peripheral settlements, people, and communities, the current study aims at exploring the development and meaning of peripheral identity and its construction, as perceived by adults who were born and raised in the northern periphery of Israel. Using the phenomenological genre, 40 interviews were conducted with adults aged 26–40 who grew up in the periphery at least until the age of 21. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted, based on the principles of grounded theory. The analysis yielded four main categories that represented four dimensions of a conflict or a paradox that characterizes life in the periphery: (1) Personal chronology from childhood to adulthood; (2) Family as an anchor vs. an obligation; (3) Settlement as inner vs. the outside environment; (4) Region as empowerment and powerful vs. deficit and powerless. The findings indicate that the embedded identity of the peripheral homegrown is ambiguous, conflictual, and contradictory. The current study aims to demonstrate how the social constructive approach can challenge the meanings of rurality/peripherally as an experience that is shaped in different ways.
{"title":"Dualities of Place among Rural and Urban Periphery Homegrown Adults in Israel☆","authors":"Yael Grinshtain","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12516","url":null,"abstract":"Following the general idea of <i>place matters</i> and based on the particular features of rural/peripheral settlements, people, and communities, the current study aims at exploring the development and meaning of <i>peripheral identity</i> and its construction, as perceived by adults who were born and raised in the northern periphery of Israel. Using the phenomenological genre, 40 interviews were conducted with adults aged 26–40 who grew up in the periphery at least until the age of 21. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted, based on the principles of grounded theory. The analysis yielded four main categories that represented four dimensions of a conflict or a paradox that characterizes life in the periphery: (1) <i>Personal chronology</i> from childhood to adulthood; (2) <i>Family</i> as an anchor vs. an obligation; (3) <i>Settlement</i> as inner vs. the outside environment; (4) <i>Region</i> as empowerment and powerful vs. deficit and powerless. The findings indicate that the embedded identity of the peripheral homegrown is ambiguous, conflictual, and contradictory. The current study aims to demonstrate how the social constructive approach can challenge the meanings of rurality/peripherally as an experience that is shaped in different ways.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71491372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stacia S. Ryder, Jennifer A. Dickie, Patrick Devine-Wright
Resource extraction relies on human interaction with the underground, often near rural communities. Yet, little research has explored localized, place-based relationships to the underground and subsequent concerns tied to proposed energy activities. This paper highlights the importance of place in localized risk perceptions of proposed shale exploration in two rural communities in the United Kingdom. Through qualitative case studies we examine how senses of place and place-based knowledges are shaped by underground landscapes. Further, we explore how these inform local risk perceptions of shale gas exploration. Our findings demonstrate how senses of place and place-based knowledges in each community are embedded in local rural culture that stretches back multiple generations, and are at least in part rooted in human connections to, and understanding of, the subsurface. Connections between surface and underground aspects of places create concerns about distinctiveness, which heighten residents' perceptions of more generalized shale gas risks. The research findings broaden our understanding of how places encompass both surface and underground landscapes, with significant implications for risk perceptions in energy contexts. These findings raise important questions for incorporating place-based and plural sets of knowledge in risk management and decision-making for future underground energy projects that contribute to net-zero strategies.
{"title":"“Do you Know What's Underneath your Feet?”: Underground Landscapes & Place-Based Risk Perceptions of Proposed Shale Gas Sites in Rural British Communities☆","authors":"Stacia S. Ryder, Jennifer A. Dickie, Patrick Devine-Wright","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12513","url":null,"abstract":"Resource extraction relies on human interaction with the underground, often near rural communities. Yet, little research has explored localized, place-based relationships to the underground and subsequent concerns tied to proposed energy activities. This paper highlights the importance of place in localized risk perceptions of proposed shale exploration in two rural communities in the United Kingdom. Through qualitative case studies we examine how senses of place and place-based knowledges are shaped by underground landscapes. Further, we explore how these inform local risk perceptions of shale gas exploration. Our findings demonstrate how senses of place and place-based knowledges in each community are embedded in local rural culture that stretches back multiple generations, and are at least in part rooted in human connections to, and understanding of, the subsurface. Connections between surface and underground aspects of places create concerns about distinctiveness, which heighten residents' perceptions of more generalized shale gas risks. The research findings broaden our understanding of how places encompass both surface and underground landscapes, with significant implications for risk perceptions in energy contexts. These findings raise important questions for incorporating place-based and plural sets of knowledge in risk management and decision-making for future underground energy projects that contribute to net-zero strategies.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large body of literature has evidenced racism and other challenges experienced by Latinx immigrants working in the food system and rural communities in the U.S. Despite a large number of studies showing complex and difficult realities experienced by Latinx immigrants, little has been studied about how immigration law enforcement operations impact Latinx communities and racial dynamics in rural communities. Analyzing 26 interviews with Latinx organizers and allies involved in community responses in the aftermath of the large immigration raids, this study examines how the raids shaped racial dynamics and local actions to address Latinxs' problems. Findings show the immigration raids were seen as an “invasion” that created fear, distrust, and racial stigmatization among Latinx immigrants. After the raids, Latinx groups and allies mobilized resources for the affected families, contesting the binary racial order. However, community responses were challenged by white supremacy and racism that aimed to keep “things under the rug” by ignoring Latinxs' problems created and exacerbated by the immigration raids. These findings highlight unique characteristics of ongoing racialization processes in U.S. rural settings and illustrate how white supremacy and racism continue to shape what goes on within and outside rural communities.
{"title":"“Keeping Things under the Rug”: Racial Dynamics in the Context of Large Immigration Raids in Rural Mississippi☆","authors":"Diego Thompson","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12515","url":null,"abstract":"A large body of literature has evidenced racism and other challenges experienced by Latinx immigrants working in the food system and rural communities in the U.S. Despite a large number of studies showing complex and difficult realities experienced by Latinx immigrants, little has been studied about how immigration law enforcement operations impact Latinx communities and racial dynamics in rural communities. Analyzing 26 interviews with Latinx organizers and allies involved in community responses in the aftermath of the large immigration raids, this study examines how the raids shaped racial dynamics and local actions to address Latinxs' problems. Findings show the immigration raids were seen as an “invasion” that created fear, distrust, and racial stigmatization among Latinx immigrants. After the raids, Latinx groups and allies mobilized resources for the affected families, contesting the binary racial order. However, community responses were challenged by white supremacy and racism that aimed to keep “things under the rug” by ignoring Latinxs' problems created and exacerbated by the immigration raids. These findings highlight unique characteristics of ongoing racialization processes in U.S. rural settings and illustrate how white supremacy and racism continue to shape what goes on within and outside rural communities.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johanna Sagner-Tapia, David Matarrita Cascante, Hugo Marcelo Zunino, Jaime Tijmes-Ihl
This article analyses the self-reflective process and narratives of 12 lifestyle migrants who settled between 1990 and 2010 in a rural Andean community in southern Chile. The results show that the time of their arrival and the migrants' life stages were relevant in their reflective process regarding belongingness to the local community and other migrants, the search for an ontological sense and a critical perspective into how their migration affected rurality. The article discusses how rural fantasies and dissatisfaction with modern urban life are central elements in constructing a self and we-image, as well as a compass that enables them to integrate into the rural community while becoming increasingly aware of how their presence inevitably changes rurality.
{"title":"Narratives and Self-Reflective Process of Lifestyle Migrants: The Quest for the “Good Life”*","authors":"Johanna Sagner-Tapia, David Matarrita Cascante, Hugo Marcelo Zunino, Jaime Tijmes-Ihl","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12514","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the self-reflective process and narratives of 12 lifestyle migrants who settled between 1990 and 2010 in a rural Andean community in southern Chile. The results show that the time of their arrival and the migrants' life stages were relevant in their reflective process regarding belongingness to the local community and other migrants, the search for an ontological sense and a critical perspective into how their migration affected rurality. The article discusses how rural fantasies and dissatisfaction with modern urban life are central elements in constructing a self and we-image, as well as a compass that enables them to integrate into the rural community while becoming increasingly aware of how their presence inevitably changes rurality.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50167063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yujiro Sano, Cathlene Hillier, Roger Pizarro Milian, David Zarifa
The relationship between geography and early transfer behavior has received limited empirical attention. In this study, we track six cohorts of university and community college entrants to examine differences in the early pathways they travel through Ontario post-secondary education (PSE), paying particular attention to how transfer pathway uptake by students in the province's rural north might vary from those in the more urbanized southern regions. Overall, we observe only modest regional differences in early transfer pathway uptake, with parental income proving to be a more constituent predictor of transfer. However, we do find more sizable net regional differences in the propensity that students will drop out within two years of entering PSE, with northern students being significantly more at risk of leaving PSE in their early years.
{"title":"Does Geography Matter? A Regional Analysis of Early Transfer within Ontario Post-Secondary Education*","authors":"Yujiro Sano, Cathlene Hillier, Roger Pizarro Milian, David Zarifa","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12510","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between geography and early transfer behavior has received limited empirical attention. In this study, we track six cohorts of university and community college entrants to examine differences in the early pathways they travel through Ontario post-secondary education (PSE), paying particular attention to how transfer pathway uptake by students in the province's rural north might vary from those in the more urbanized southern regions. Overall, we observe only modest regional differences in early transfer pathway uptake, with parental income proving to be a more constituent predictor of transfer. However, we do find more sizable net regional differences in the propensity that students will drop out within two years of entering PSE, with northern students being significantly more at risk of leaving PSE in their early years.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Successful farms—in the public imagination, agricultural policy, and more—tend to be highly profitable and operate at extremely large scales. Research has shown that women are less likely to operate these types of farms, possibly due to their preferences and lifestyle choices. There is evidence, however, that these gaps are additionally the result of differences in access to resources due to gender discrimination. Patterns of inequity in land inheritance and other resources limit women's farm size and choice of crops, and thus their opportunities to farm at larger, more profitable scales. Nonetheless, women farmers also employ creative strategies to make farming work for them. Our study uses 2017 Census of Agriculture data to compare women and men farmers at 7 different farm scales, revealing gendered strategies and comparing men and women farmers on equal footing. This presents a more nuanced picture of women's participation in farming at various scales. Overall, we find that within farm scales, women are often doing just as well as men—usually with fewer or different resources and approaches. Women's unbalanced representation at each farm scale, however, helps to explain why women are not always envisioned as “real farmers” in the popular conscience.
{"title":"A Fair Comparison: Women's and Men's Farms at Seven Scales in the United States☆","authors":"Katherine Dentzman, Paul Lewin","doi":"10.1111/ruso.12512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12512","url":null,"abstract":"Successful farms—in the public imagination, agricultural policy, and more—tend to be highly profitable and operate at extremely large scales. Research has shown that women are less likely to operate these types of farms, possibly due to their preferences and lifestyle choices. There is evidence, however, that these gaps are additionally the result of differences in access to resources due to gender discrimination. Patterns of inequity in land inheritance and other resources limit women's farm size and choice of crops, and thus their opportunities to farm at larger, more profitable scales. Nonetheless, women farmers also employ creative strategies to make farming work for them. Our study uses 2017 Census of Agriculture data to compare women and men farmers at 7 different farm scales, revealing gendered strategies and comparing men and women farmers on equal footing. This presents a more nuanced picture of women's participation in farming at various scales. Overall, we find that within farm scales, women are often doing just as well as men—usually with fewer or different resources and approaches. Women's unbalanced representation at each farm scale, however, helps to explain why women are not always envisioned as “real farmers” in the popular conscience.","PeriodicalId":47924,"journal":{"name":"RURAL SOCIOLOGY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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