Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172072
S. O’Connor, S. Kealy, C. Reepmeyer, S. S. Samper Carro, C. Shipton
ABSTRACT The crossing of the Wallacean islands and settlement of Sahul by modern humans over 50,000 years ago, represents the earliest successful seafaring of our species anywhere in the world. Archaeological research throughout this vast island archipelago has recovered evidence for varied patterns in island occupation, with accumulating evidence suggesting a significant change in cultural activities and interaction amongst island communities following the LGM. New forms of technology such as shell fish hooks and adzes appear alongside standardised forms of shell beads, indicating that these technological innovations were accompanied by shared styles of personal ornamentation. Simultaniously, obsidian from a single, off-island source is found in the archaeological assemblages on at least four islands. We explore these implied spheres of interaction across Wallacea, with a focus on the terminal-Pleistocene/early-Holocene cultural materials and customs linking the southeastern Wallacean islands of Alor, Timor, and Kisar, and other parts of greater Wallacea and Near Oceania.
{"title":"Terminal Pleistocene emergence of maritime interaction networks across Wallacea","authors":"S. O’Connor, S. Kealy, C. Reepmeyer, S. S. Samper Carro, C. Shipton","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2172072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2172072","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The crossing of the Wallacean islands and settlement of Sahul by modern humans over 50,000 years ago, represents the earliest successful seafaring of our species anywhere in the world. Archaeological research throughout this vast island archipelago has recovered evidence for varied patterns in island occupation, with accumulating evidence suggesting a significant change in cultural activities and interaction amongst island communities following the LGM. New forms of technology such as shell fish hooks and adzes appear alongside standardised forms of shell beads, indicating that these technological innovations were accompanied by shared styles of personal ornamentation. Simultaniously, obsidian from a single, off-island source is found in the archaeological assemblages on at least four islands. We explore these implied spheres of interaction across Wallacea, with a focus on the terminal-Pleistocene/early-Holocene cultural materials and customs linking the southeastern Wallacean islands of Alor, Timor, and Kisar, and other parts of greater Wallacea and Near Oceania.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"244 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43101342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2121316
Dylan Gaffney
ABSTRACT This paper is a cross-comparative examination of how tropical forested islands were populated by humans. It first describes the unique ecological conditions of these environments, how they fluctuated during glacial cycles, and the challenges and affordances they provided people. The paper then explores the global archaeological record, classifying modes of colonisation that led insular tropical forests to be populated. These modes include terrestrial colonisation followed by insularisation (Mode A), maritime colonisation followed by major landmass reconfiguration (Mode B), maritime colonisation of uninhabited islands that always remained insular (Mode C), and maritime colonisation of already inhabited islands (Mode D). Finally, the paper discusses how, amongst Homo sapiens, ongoing dynamism between human adaptive behaviours and environmental flux stimulated processes of diversification, specialisation, and connectivity in these crucial ecologies; by contrast, archaic hominins like Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, and Homo luzonensis may have found changes associated with forest expansion and insularity extremely challenging.
{"title":"Peopling island rainforests: global trends from the Early Pleistocene to the Late Holocene","authors":"Dylan Gaffney","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2121316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2121316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is a cross-comparative examination of how tropical forested islands were populated by humans. It first describes the unique ecological conditions of these environments, how they fluctuated during glacial cycles, and the challenges and affordances they provided people. The paper then explores the global archaeological record, classifying modes of colonisation that led insular tropical forests to be populated. These modes include terrestrial colonisation followed by insularisation (Mode A), maritime colonisation followed by major landmass reconfiguration (Mode B), maritime colonisation of uninhabited islands that always remained insular (Mode C), and maritime colonisation of already inhabited islands (Mode D). Finally, the paper discusses how, amongst Homo sapiens, ongoing dynamism between human adaptive behaviours and environmental flux stimulated processes of diversification, specialisation, and connectivity in these crucial ecologies; by contrast, archaic hominins like Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, and Homo luzonensis may have found changes associated with forest expansion and insularity extremely challenging.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"338 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42078873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172073
S. S. Samper Carro
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the available vertebrate record from the Lesser Sunda Islands to explore the effect the Last Glacial Maximum had on human subsistence strategies. By focusing on vertebrate assemblages from Laili and Matja Kuru 2 in Timor Leste, Tron Bon Lei in Alor Island, and Here Sorot Entapa in Kisar, this paper investigates biodiversity and resource availability in these nearby islands through the application of standardising indices and statistical testing. Results indicate that vertebrate biodiversity remained fairly stable through and after the Last Glacial Maximum, suggesting that in terms of available mammals, birds and reptiles, this period did not led to severe resource depletion. Hence, potential variations in human subsistence practices or occupation dynamics might not be due to changes in vertebrate diversity. As such, this analysis contributes to investigating anatomically modern humans’ subsistence adaptation in the Lesser Sunda Islands pre- and post-Last Glacial Maximum.
摘要本文综述了小巽他群岛的脊椎动物记录，以探讨末次冰川盛期对人类生存策略的影响。本文通过关注东帝汶的Laili和Matja Kuru 2、Alor岛的Tron Bon Lei和Kisar的Here Sorot Entapa的脊椎动物组合，通过应用标准化指数和统计测试，调查了这些附近岛屿的生物多样性和资源可用性。结果表明，脊椎动物的生物多样性在上一次冰川盛期前后保持相当稳定，这表明就可用的哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物而言，这一时期没有导致严重的资源枯竭。因此，人类生存实践或职业动态的潜在变化可能不是由于脊椎动物多样性的变化。因此，这一分析有助于从解剖学上研究现代人类在小巽他群岛末次冰川盛期前后的生存适应。
{"title":"Hominin adaptations in the Lesser Sunda Islands: exploring the vertebrate record to investigate fauna diversity before, during and after the Last Glacial Maximum","authors":"S. S. Samper Carro","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2172073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2172073","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reviews the available vertebrate record from the Lesser Sunda Islands to explore the effect the Last Glacial Maximum had on human subsistence strategies. By focusing on vertebrate assemblages from Laili and Matja Kuru 2 in Timor Leste, Tron Bon Lei in Alor Island, and Here Sorot Entapa in Kisar, this paper investigates biodiversity and resource availability in these nearby islands through the application of standardising indices and statistical testing. Results indicate that vertebrate biodiversity remained fairly stable through and after the Last Glacial Maximum, suggesting that in terms of available mammals, birds and reptiles, this period did not led to severe resource depletion. Hence, potential variations in human subsistence practices or occupation dynamics might not be due to changes in vertebrate diversity. As such, this analysis contributes to investigating anatomically modern humans’ subsistence adaptation in the Lesser Sunda Islands pre- and post-Last Glacial Maximum.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"264 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41674340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172070
Georgia Kerby, A. Ford, G. Summerhayes, M. Leavesley, J. Palin
ABSTRACT The occupation of Buang Merabak, a cave located on the island of New Ireland, by 42,000 years ago demonstrates that the colonisation of the Bismarck Archipelago occurred soon after that of Sahul. This provides the opportunity to consider the adaptation of small groups of people to a depauperate island environment. An analysis of a lithic assemblage from Buang Merabak was used to consider how technological organisation reflects changing patterns of site use and subsistence strategies from the late Pleistocene through to the early Holocene. A strategy of small simple flake technology was identified, which would have allowed site occupants flexibility in the face of fluctuating patterns of faunal resource use. During the late Pleistocene, a broad range of local lithic materials were used expediently. Gradual change occurred in the early Holocene to a smaller variety of materials with dominant use of local chert flakes and conservation of specific volcanic materials.
{"title":"Fit for purpose: investigating adaptations in late Pleistocene lithic technology to an island environment at Buang Merabak, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea","authors":"Georgia Kerby, A. Ford, G. Summerhayes, M. Leavesley, J. Palin","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2172070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2172070","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The occupation of Buang Merabak, a cave located on the island of New Ireland, by 42,000 years ago demonstrates that the colonisation of the Bismarck Archipelago occurred soon after that of Sahul. This provides the opportunity to consider the adaptation of small groups of people to a depauperate island environment. An analysis of a lithic assemblage from Buang Merabak was used to consider how technological organisation reflects changing patterns of site use and subsistence strategies from the late Pleistocene through to the early Holocene. A strategy of small simple flake technology was identified, which would have allowed site occupants flexibility in the face of fluctuating patterns of faunal resource use. During the late Pleistocene, a broad range of local lithic materials were used expediently. Gradual change occurred in the early Holocene to a smaller variety of materials with dominant use of local chert flakes and conservation of specific volcanic materials.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"317 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48155955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2172071
K. Morisaki, Kojiro Shiba, Donghyuk Choi
ABSTRACT Offshore landmasses in the Western Pacific were colonized during the Late Pleistocene through deliberate seafaring by modern humans. However, our knowledge of the developmental process of the Palaeolithic seafaring is still limited due to lack of reliable chronology for such seafaring. To contribute to this issue, we synthesize lines of evidence on repeated sea-crossings over the Korea/Tsushima Strait, a major passage to the Japanese archipelago. Shortly after the earliest evidence of flake assemblages around 39,000–37,000 cal BP, a sudden appearance of blade reduction is observed, suggesting multiple sea-crossings over this strait in the early Upper Palaeolithic. Subsequently, a unique type of stemmed points spread across the strait, signaling another sea-crossing during 29,300–27,500 cal BP. Furthermore, the obsidian provenance analysis suggests bidirectional sea-crossings during the Last Glacial Maximum. These sea-crossings seem to have occurred regardless of narrowness of the strait with changing sea level, whereas it is possible that bidirectional crossing was triggered by this factor.
摘要西太平洋的近海陆地在更新世晚期被现代人蓄意航海殖民化。然而，由于缺乏可靠的航海年表，我们对旧石器时代航海发展过程的了解仍然有限。为了解决这一问题，我们综合了多次穿越朝鲜/对马海峡的证据，对马海峡是通往日本群岛的主要通道。在39000–37000 cal BP左右的薄片组合的最早证据出现后不久，观察到叶片突然减少，这表明在旧石器时代早期，该海峡曾多次渡海。随后，一种独特类型的茎点遍布海峡，标志着在29300–27500 cal BP期间又一次渡海。此外，黑曜石的物源分析表明，在最后一次冰川盛期，双向渡海。这些海上穿越似乎是在海峡狭窄和海平面变化的情况下发生的，而双向穿越可能是由这一因素引发的。
{"title":"Examining frequency and directionality of Palaeolithic sea-crossing over the Korea/Tsushima Strait: a synthesis","authors":"K. Morisaki, Kojiro Shiba, Donghyuk Choi","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2172071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2172071","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Offshore landmasses in the Western Pacific were colonized during the Late Pleistocene through deliberate seafaring by modern humans. However, our knowledge of the developmental process of the Palaeolithic seafaring is still limited due to lack of reliable chronology for such seafaring. To contribute to this issue, we synthesize lines of evidence on repeated sea-crossings over the Korea/Tsushima Strait, a major passage to the Japanese archipelago. Shortly after the earliest evidence of flake assemblages around 39,000–37,000 cal BP, a sudden appearance of blade reduction is observed, suggesting multiple sea-crossings over this strait in the early Upper Palaeolithic. Subsequently, a unique type of stemmed points spread across the strait, signaling another sea-crossing during 29,300–27,500 cal BP. Furthermore, the obsidian provenance analysis suggests bidirectional sea-crossings during the Last Glacial Maximum. These sea-crossings seem to have occurred regardless of narrowness of the strait with changing sea level, whereas it is possible that bidirectional crossing was triggered by this factor.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"162 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43310985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077828
Ashley K. Lemke, John M. O’Shea
ABSTRACT The archaeology of inundated cultural landscape sites is not new and is an important component of the global record, yet these sites are distinct from shipwrecks and other site types underwater. Just as on land, underwater sites are subject to a dynamic range of formation processes, which must be analytically controlled. However, there are lingering misconceptions about underwater sites, specifically how they are formed, how much has been preserved, and their contribution to the broader field of archaeology. This paper discusses issues of preservation, context, and formation processes using misunderstandings of the Pompeii premise in underwater research as a conceptual guide. Ultimately acknowledging that, just as on land, archaeological sites underwater are diverse and unique, with site-specific pre- and post-depositional transformations. Different sites supplement each other, and the unique preservation underwater makes them a particularly valuable complement to the terrestrial record and a vital part of world archaeology.
{"title":"Drowning the Pompeii premise: frozen moments, single events, and the character of submerged archaeological sites","authors":"Ashley K. Lemke, John M. O’Shea","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077828","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The archaeology of inundated cultural landscape sites is not new and is an important component of the global record, yet these sites are distinct from shipwrecks and other site types underwater. Just as on land, underwater sites are subject to a dynamic range of formation processes, which must be analytically controlled. However, there are lingering misconceptions about underwater sites, specifically how they are formed, how much has been preserved, and their contribution to the broader field of archaeology. This paper discusses issues of preservation, context, and formation processes using misunderstandings of the Pompeii premise in underwater research as a conceptual guide. Ultimately acknowledging that, just as on land, archaeological sites underwater are diverse and unique, with site-specific pre- and post-depositional transformations. Different sites supplement each other, and the unique preservation underwater makes them a particularly valuable complement to the terrestrial record and a vital part of world archaeology.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"142 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43238532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077824
C. Rankin
ABSTRACT Plazas are ubiquitous elements of community layout, defined as open space surrounded by or adjacent to structures. Functionally, plazas serve as public space for gatherings and ceremonial activities. At Cahokia Mounds, the largest pre-contact site in North America, the North Plaza puzzled archaeologists because of its unique location in a wetland. The construction of a mound and plaza group in an area inundated with water is unprecedented in the Eastern-Woodlands archaeological record and contradicts traditional conceptions of plaza space. Previous scholars dealt with this conundrum by hypothesizing that the North Plaza was drier during its construction and occupation than in modern times. However, evidence from sedimentological analysis and stable carbon isotopes of buried soils suggests the North Plaza was an inundated feature on the landscape throughout Cahokia’s occupation. The North Plaza is an anomaly in the Eastern-Woodlands that now requires archaeologists to re-envision what plazas are and how they are used.
{"title":"The exceptional environmental setting of the North Plaza, Cahokia Mounds, Illinois, USA","authors":"C. Rankin","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077824","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plazas are ubiquitous elements of community layout, defined as open space surrounded by or adjacent to structures. Functionally, plazas serve as public space for gatherings and ceremonial activities. At Cahokia Mounds, the largest pre-contact site in North America, the North Plaza puzzled archaeologists because of its unique location in a wetland. The construction of a mound and plaza group in an area inundated with water is unprecedented in the Eastern-Woodlands archaeological record and contradicts traditional conceptions of plaza space. Previous scholars dealt with this conundrum by hypothesizing that the North Plaza was drier during its construction and occupation than in modern times. However, evidence from sedimentological analysis and stable carbon isotopes of buried soils suggests the North Plaza was an inundated feature on the landscape throughout Cahokia’s occupation. The North Plaza is an anomaly in the Eastern-Woodlands that now requires archaeologists to re-envision what plazas are and how they are used.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"84 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46527750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077823
A. Zangrando, J. F. Ponce, Alejandro Montes, María del Carmen Fernández Ropero, Angélica M. Tivoli
ABSTRACT We analyze the finding of a lithic projectile point at more than 100 meters depth in the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) in relation to submerged landscapes. On the one hand, this underwater evidence is examined as part of an inundated archaeological landscape supporting the hypothesized Pleistocene coastal dispersion in southern South America. On the other hand, the lithic projectile point is evaluated as a submerged isolated artefact as the result of human movements through aquatic environments due to foraging and transport practices in the sea during the Holocene. Technological properties and post-depositional modifications of the projectile point are described, and the artefact location is assessed in light of paleogeographic models. The presented evidence does not support an early human occupation in the region, but the particular archaeological detection offers insights to the alternative explanation, and to the potential of underwater explorations in the region.
{"title":"Submerged landscape evolution of the Beagle Channel: context of the first record of underwater archaeological evidence","authors":"A. Zangrando, J. F. Ponce, Alejandro Montes, María del Carmen Fernández Ropero, Angélica M. Tivoli","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077823","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We analyze the finding of a lithic projectile point at more than 100 meters depth in the Beagle Channel (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina) in relation to submerged landscapes. On the one hand, this underwater evidence is examined as part of an inundated archaeological landscape supporting the hypothesized Pleistocene coastal dispersion in southern South America. On the other hand, the lithic projectile point is evaluated as a submerged isolated artefact as the result of human movements through aquatic environments due to foraging and transport practices in the sea during the Holocene. Technological properties and post-depositional modifications of the projectile point are described, and the artefact location is assessed in light of paleogeographic models. The presented evidence does not support an early human occupation in the region, but the particular archaeological detection offers insights to the alternative explanation, and to the potential of underwater explorations in the region.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"52 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44780010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2022.2077822
I. Ward, A. Bastos, D. Carabias, H. Cawthra, H. Farr, A. Green, Fraser Sturt
ABSTRACT The potential of submerged palaeolandscapes to address questions about global migrations, broad-scale climate and landscape change and human response to this has, to date, been concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere has less land, more water and water barriers, higher floral and faunal endemicity and lower population but with indigenous populations that have maintained a connection with coastal and offshore landscapes for at least 40,000 years in Australasia and almost 170,000 years in South Africa. We provide an overview of current knowledge in South America, Southern Africa and Australasia and explore how new palaeogeographic and palaeoecological research, alongside related coastal archaeology, is helping to map out future directions for submerged cultural landscape research in these regions. A common theme across is the need to raise awareness of submerged cultural resources and indigenous knowledge of these as well as the multi-disciplinary approach needed to understand the unique landscapes in which they are preserved.
{"title":"Submerged Palaeolandscapes of the Southern Hemisphere (SPLOSH) – What is emerging from the Southern Hemisphere","authors":"I. Ward, A. Bastos, D. Carabias, H. Cawthra, H. Farr, A. Green, Fraser Sturt","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2022.2077822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2022.2077822","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The potential of submerged palaeolandscapes to address questions about global migrations, broad-scale climate and landscape change and human response to this has, to date, been concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. The Southern Hemisphere has less land, more water and water barriers, higher floral and faunal endemicity and lower population but with indigenous populations that have maintained a connection with coastal and offshore landscapes for at least 40,000 years in Australasia and almost 170,000 years in South Africa. We provide an overview of current knowledge in South America, Southern Africa and Australasia and explore how new palaeogeographic and palaeoecological research, alongside related coastal archaeology, is helping to map out future directions for submerged cultural landscape research in these regions. A common theme across is the need to raise awareness of submerged cultural resources and indigenous knowledge of these as well as the multi-disciplinary approach needed to understand the unique landscapes in which they are preserved.","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 1","pages":"6 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44186218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1080/00438243.2023.2179538
Felicia Fricke, Rachel Hoerman
Ongoing discussions about the problems of white supremacy and colonialism in archaeology are useful but have not, thus far, fully considered the exacerbated effects of these issues on small islands. In this opinion piece, we, two white women academics from the Global North with extensive experience working in the Dutch Caribbean and the Hawaiian Islands, observe these exacerbated effects in governance, academic hegemony, and community relations, and call for more consideration of the effects of our discipline in small island contexts. Ultimately, in line with the observations of local, descendant, and Indigenous scholars, we argue that archaeologists must invest in de-colonial, antiracist, and social justice efforts in heritage fields and industries by foregrounding the wishes and needs of island communities. This may involve modifying or altogether abandoning current motivations and practices to build a discipline that can be a positive rather than a negative in island worlds.
{"title":"Archaeology and social justice in island worlds.","authors":"Felicia Fricke, Rachel Hoerman","doi":"10.1080/00438243.2023.2179538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2023.2179538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ongoing discussions about the problems of white supremacy and colonialism in archaeology are useful but have not, thus far, fully considered the exacerbated effects of these issues on small islands. In this opinion piece, we, two white women academics from the Global North with extensive experience working in the Dutch Caribbean and the Hawaiian Islands, observe these exacerbated effects in governance, academic hegemony, and community relations, and call for more consideration of the effects of our discipline in small island contexts. Ultimately, in line with the observations of local, descendant, and Indigenous scholars, we argue that archaeologists must invest in de-colonial, antiracist, and social justice efforts in heritage fields and industries by foregrounding the wishes and needs of island communities. This may involve modifying or altogether abandoning current motivations and practices to build a discipline that can be a positive rather than a negative in island worlds.</p>","PeriodicalId":47942,"journal":{"name":"WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY","volume":"54 3","pages":"484-489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/ce/RWAR_54_2179538.PMC10227953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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