Health Promotion Practice最新文献

Offering group-based sexual health education online can expand access to information for youth. However, few studies have examined how student perceptions and outcomes may vary by teaching modality, particularly in sexual health education. This study compared the perceptions and short-term outcomes of participants completing In the Know, a comprehensive sexual health curriculum, in-person versus online. A total of 528 youth aged 13-19 were recruited through schools and community-based organizations in Fresno County, California. In-person participants (n = 359) were enrolled from December 2018 to February 2020 and online participants (n = 169) from August 2020 to August 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed all participants at program entry and exit to measure changes in sexual health knowledge, attitudes, confidence in life skills, and program perceptions, which we compared between in-person and online participants. In-person and online participants had similar age and racial/ethnic characteristics, but online participants were less likely to live in rural areas or in settings such as group homes. Participants in both delivery modes showed statistically significant improvements in their sexual health knowledge and attitudes as well as life skills confidence. More than 80% participants were interested in the material and felt it was clear, regardless of delivery mode. With sufficient planning and health educator training, online sexual health education can be a feasible and appropriate alternative to in-person programming. When considering online implementation, programs should adopt approaches to minimize inequities in participation, maintain participant confidentiality, and promote engagement.

Integrating policies and practices that require tobacco use screening and treatment within behavioral health treatment facilities promotes tobacco use dependence treatment among individuals who experience mental health conditions. The New York (NY) Tobacco Control Program funds regional grantee organizations to provide technical assistance to facilities to support the adoption of tobacco cessation policies. This study describes how state-funded grantees supported Behavioral Health Treatment Facilities and highlights factors that facilitated or hindered NY facilities' adoption and implementation of systems changes. We used a qualitative design to interview nine regional grantee staff members and 15 staff members from four facilities to understand the policy adoption and implementation processes and how grantee partnerships supported these processes. We used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to identify facilitators and barriers to adoption and implementation processes. Grantees supported the adoption and implementation processes by providing ongoing technical assistance, materials to improve electronic health record systems, financial incentives, and free nicotine replacement therapy. Facility and grantee staff members reported facilitators that included champions encouraging implementation of tobacco-related policies and practices, facility leadership committed to systems changes, and other state regulatory offices requiring similar policies and practices. Barriers included staffing shortages, staff turnover, and prioritizing treatment for conditions considered more urgent than tobacco use. These findings demonstrate how implementation science can be used to assess how state-funded grantees support the adoption of tobacco-related policies and practices within behavioral health treatment facilities. This study can inform future strategies to support systems change and overcome barriers to adoption, implementation, and maintenance.

Nail technicians face various hazards in their work environment, influenced by complex factors, involving not only nail technicians and owners but also customers. While significant research has focused on technicians' health and safety views, customers' perspectives remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by assessing changes in customer attendance since COVID-19 and describing their perceptions of nail salon health and safety. Using an online survey, we analyzed responses from 428 participants. Over 50% of participants reported a change in their nail salon attendance since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic; 32% reported visiting more frequently, while 22% visited less often. Most customers expressed satisfaction with salon cleanliness (93%) and air quality (86%). Approximately half had no strong preference for technician glove (46%) or mask use (53%). In addition, 80% were unaware of products marketed as having fewer chemicals. Raising awareness among customers toward the vital of health and safety in nail salons-such as the benefits of technicians' glove and mask use, as well as the merits of safer product use-can protect both customers and nail technicians. This study suggests that customers may be important partners in enhancing workplace health and safety. Future research should explore customers' expectations regarding health and safety and their preferences for safer products, providing valuable insights for advocates and policymakers to effectively tailor educational programs/public health campaign for customers and improve health and safety standards in the beauty industry.

The use of Photovoice methods to identify and address public health challenges has evolved since this participatory action research method's inception in the 1990s. However, there is a notable lack of research on the dissemination of Photovoice findings to promote community action and change. This study evaluates audience and Photovoice participants' experiences of dissemination events presenting the results of 21 Photovoice projects that supplemented the HEALing Communities Study (HCS), a multistate community-based study of strategies to reduce opioid overdose deaths. The Photovoice projects captured the perspectives of people with lived experience of substance use disorder and front-line providers regarding their communities' responses to the opioid epidemic. This article describes the multiple artifact types and dissemination formats co-created by HEALing Communities Study researchers and Photovoice project participants to share photographs, captions, and insights. In addition, the study reports the evaluation results from attendees of more than 24 local, state, and national events that exhibited and presented on the Photovoice projects. These evaluations assessed whether attendees' experiences at the events influenced their critical consciousness of and intention to act to address their communities' concerns with substance use disorder. Respondents encouraged continued efforts to educate community members, especially policymakers, from the perspective of those most impacted by substance use disorder. Findings from the study suggest Photovoice dissemination events may encourage attendees to engage more deeply in public health topics such as the opioid addiction crisis, which supports the critical consciousness model for assessing community health change initiatives.

The MYTH (Misinformation-identifying Youth in Tobacco and Health) Youth Collaborative engages adolescents (ages 13-17) as partners in addressing nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) misinformation on social media through a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) approach. Recognizing youth's unique social media expertise and the growing influence of online NTP marketing, MYTH aims to build critical media literacy skills and empower youth as health advocates. This practice note evaluates participants' experience in MYTH using a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and a focus group discussion (FGD). Surveys assessed experiences, challenges, and suggestions, analyzed descriptively; the FGD explored in-depth perspectives thematically. Lessons learned highlight the power of participatory learning to shift youth perceptions on NTP misinformation, the importance of an inclusive program environment and consistent logistics for engagement, and opportunities to integrate broader youth development. In conclusion, YPAR initiatives like MYTH offer a promising strategy to empower youth in countering health misinformation and shaping youth-centered public health interventions.

Rural United States (U.S.) residents typically have lower access to health resources and greater chronic disease risk than urban counterparts. Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) change strategies can facilitate equitable access to health-promoting resources and improve health-promoting behaviors such as breastfeeding (BF), healthy eating (HE), and physical activity (PA). This qualitative study grounded in the Social Ecological Model examined how PSE strategies promoting BF, HE, and PA are tracked in rural communities. Nine practitioners, representing eight states, were interviewed in August 2020. Participants' organizations included Cooperative Extension (n = 4), non-Extension SNAP-Ed (n = 1), county health department (n = 1), and other community organizations/coalitions (n = 3). A 31-item interview guide based on a PSE framework was developed to assess PSE changes, evaluation strategies, and challenges pertaining to BF, HE, and PA in rural communities. Synthesis coding was completed using a content analysis framework to summarize reported surveillance-specific information, systems, tools, methods, and needs. We identified three themes around rural community needs: (1) localized, accurate, and feasible surveillance methods to assess PSE changes; (2) systems assistance with data collection and monitoring; and (3) easier access to their own and comparison communities' data to inform decisions. Robust systems are required for data collection, monitoring, and analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of PSE change strategies. Greater surveillance/evaluation infrastructure and capacity in rural communities will help ensure these communities have access to data to inform PSE change strategies. Surveillance methods are also needed that extend beyond individual-level behaviors to track the impact of PSE factors on population health.

Latine Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ+) communities face a disproportionate burden of new HIV diagnoses, driven by structural, social, and personal barriers that limit the uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Addressing these inequities requires research deeply rooted in community lived experiences and cultural contexts. The Chicago Queer Latine (CQL) Collaborative, a partnership of community, academic, and clinical health professionals, adopted a Community-Engaged Research (CER) approach to tackle HIV disparities in our metropolitan area. We strategically utilized federal seed funding, including grants for capacity building and partnership development, to ensure protected and compensated training for community leaders and establish a formal, multidisciplinary partnership co-led by community, academic, and clinical investigators. This foundational work culminated in securing research awards, which supported the development and dissemination of a bilingual social marketing PrEP promotion campaign. The campaign's success, evidenced by significant reach and PrEP awareness/uptake, is attributed to its community-driven design and culturally responsive elements. Our experience underscores the critical need for genuinely shared leadership, where community members lead and co-lead and are equitably compensated. We urge funding agencies to stabilize mechanisms that explicitly support community-led initiatives and to streamline administrative processes to overcome burdens that can impede equitable partnerships. This model serves as a compelling case for sustained investment in CER to achieve true health equity.

Barriers to behavioral health care, increasing deaths by suicide, and provider shortages represent critical global public health challenges. The World Health Organization (WHO) calls for upstream mental health strategies that go beyond clinical approaches; however, culturally responsive, community-engaged mental health promotion efforts remain limited in the United States. This research brief presents evaluation results of Mental Health Matters of Washington's Peer Mental Health Navigator (PMHN) program, which trains lay community members to provide peer mental health support, education, and resource navigation. Researchers used a non-controlled pre- and post-design with a 12-month follow-up survey across seven cohorts of Spanish and English-speaking peer navigators (n = 141) over 3 years. The 6-week bilingual training applied socio-ecological and critical theory frameworks to address mental health holistically, covering stigma, systemic factors, cultural perspectives, communication skills, stress management, suicide prevention, and resource navigation.Pre- and post-surveys measured knowledge, stigma-related attitudes, self-efficacy, and intentions. Twelve-month follow-up evaluated sustained application of training, mental health conversations initiated, and referrals made. Results showed significant improvements across all measures, with the largest effect sizes for self-efficacy (d = 0.70-0.96) and knowledge (Year 1: d = 0.94; Year 2: d = 0.63; Year 3: d = 0.55). Qualitative analysis revealed high satisfaction, with participants valuing comprehensive resources, skilled facilitation, and culturally responsive content. Twelve-month follow-up showed sustained engagement (97% applied training in their daily lives, 94% had three or more mental health conversations, 77% made two or more referrals). Findings demonstrate the promise of lay health models for expanding community-level mental health promotion and investment in community-driven strategies that go beyond clinical interventions.

In sub-Saharan African countries like Ghana, stakeholders involved in cancer prevention and control efforts regularly interact with various communities through community outreach and program implementation. Yet, little is known about the stakeholders' insights into how these communities understand cancers, related symptoms, prevention, and care. This study explored stakeholders' views on cancer awareness and related beliefs among various communities across Ghana. Data was from key informant interviews with stakeholders engaged in cancer control initiatives in Ghana, July-August 2021. Study participants (N = 18) were from the government, health services, nongovernmental organizations, media, and academic fields. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo 12. Narrative summaries and thematic coding were used to compare the perspectives of stakeholders. Four themes were identified regarding stakeholders' views on community cancer knowledge and beliefs including: increasing awareness but inadequate knowledge of cancers; cancer-related fears often associated with death; misperceptions and myths about cancers that associate cancer symptoms with common ailments; and traditional and religious beliefs about cancers (such as spiritual attack) resulting in seeking spiritual cures for the disease. Stakeholders' reports highlight a need for increased cancer education across Ghana. Increased cancer education could dispel current fears and misconceptions around cancers and increase interest and uptake of cancer prevention and control services.