Health Promotion Practice最新文献

While most adolescents experience mild-COVID-19 infection, those with underlying medical conditions have an increased risk of severe health outcomes. Furthermore, compared with other pediatric populations, adolescents have experienced higher rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalization. COVID-19 vaccine decision-making in adolescents during COVID-19 surges is not well understood. Our objective was to explore factors influencing parental and adolescents' COVID-19 vaccine decision-making during the Omicron winter 2021/2022 surge. Participants were recruited from an academic pediatric primary care clinic. Eligible adolescents (aged 12-17 years) who received their first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine between December 2021 and February 2022 were recruited to participate in a semistructured interview with their parent. Perspectives were illuminated through thematic analysis of the data that included coding and pattern identification. Ten parent-adolescent dyads' interview data were analyzed and classified into three principal themes influencing vaccine acceptance during the Omicron surge: perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, family member influence, and clear, two-way communication with a clinician. Despite widespread COVID-19 vaccine availability for adolescents, vaccination rates remain suboptimal even during times of increased disease prevalence. Using health promotion practices to emphasize perceived risk of infection while navigating family dynamics through two-way communication during COVID-19 surges may support vaccine uptake.

Kentucky faces the highest age-adjusted overall cancer incidence rates and the second highest overall cancer mortality rates in the United States, with the eastern Appalachian Region of the state contributing significantly to this burden. As one of 57 National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated comprehensive cancer centers in the country, the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center is Kentucky's only NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center. This designation is important for receiving the support necessary to fund programs that can further the cancer research, education, and community outreach opportunities for Kentuckians. The Markey Cancer Center's Appalachian Career Training in Oncology program, created in 2016, offers cancer research, clinical, outreach, and educational experiences to Appalachian Kentucky high school students and undergraduate students enrolled at the University of Kentucky. The program creates multiple levels of mentorship designed to enrich students' interest in pursuing a cancer-related career. Mentorship partners include cancer researchers, clinicians, workshop presenters, community members, program staff, and program peers. The program has demonstrated significant success, including a high matriculation rate, numerous student-authored publications, and influential community engagement initiatives. Implications for practice include the potential to implement similar programs for other populations around the country, thus furthering knowledge and fostering passion in underrepresented groups.

We share insights from a community engagement studio aimed at addressing anxiety in Quay County, a remote rural area in New Mexico. The studio involved eight local experts representing various sectors, including health care, education, and faith-based organizations. These experts identified key insights surrounding anxiety, including its causes, community perceptions of mental health services, and strategies for addressing anxiety within the community. Contributions included a rubber band metaphor to describe lingering anxiety, the role of societal pressures (particularly for men), and the impact of physical activity and infrastructure on mental well-being. The studio also highlighted the importance of integrating faith-based support and promoting community pride as a mental health intervention. Our insights underscore the value of community engagement in understanding and addressing mental health challenges in rural settings.

The meat processing industry was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Deemed essential, the meat processing workforce faced the risk of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Along with other essential workforces, meat processing workers were prioritized in the national approach to receive COVID-19 vaccines by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. This mixed methods study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake by meat processing workers in Nebraska through interviews (n = 29), a survey (n = 857), and application of the COM-B model. We found that facilitators for vaccine uptake included having information about the vaccine available; providing vaccines at the workplace, in pharmacies, and throughout the community to increase accessibility; feeling that there was a social responsibility to get vaccinated; believing that the vaccine was protective; and the use of various incentives. Barriers for vaccine uptake included workers' personal health issues; not having the right information to make an informed decision; logistical and contextual issues that made it challenging to get vaccinated; the disconnect between faith and science; individual choice being highly valued; and uncertainty and misinformation causing fear of the vaccine. Understanding facilitators and barriers to vaccine uptake by meat processing workers is critical to informing public health interventions, evidence-informed guidelines and policies, and tailored messaging to increase vaccination coverage among an essential workforce that inherently assumes occupational risk during infectious disease events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for public health practitioners are provided.

This pilot, exploratory project examined the relationship among the health, work, and social support of university housekeepers. The first objective was to examine the influence of social support on work-related outcomes among university housekeepers. The secondary objective was to examine the influence of social support on physical and psychological health among housekeepers. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study assessed work-related outcomes and the influence of social support using least square regression models and multinomial logistic regression models. Qualitative data was obtained via one-on-one interviews. Participants (N = 46, 72% female; 87.2% Black) averaged 4.43 ± 0.72 for job satisfaction with stress levels occasionally high for most of the sample (75%). Support was moderate across all three types of support with the highest perceived support in tangible support (2.85 ± 0.52). Four major themes emerged from the interviews, including lack of support and trust from supervisors and administrators; lack of respect from other members of the university community; need for positive recognition; and impact of the job on health. Findings revealed that when housekeepers feel they belong and are appreciated at work, they feel more positive about their jobs and likely do better work. Housekeepers and their work are critical to students, faculty, and staff in the university system. Future research should examine existing health issues and assess for factors contributing to physical or mental health treatment, especially post-COVID. Universities should invest in wellness programming and policies supporting mental health leave to improve overall well-being and stress in this under-resourced population.

Workplace sexual harassment (WSH) and other forms of sexual violence are pervasive in the agricultural sector, yet remain overlooked as critical occupational health and safety concerns. In this scoping review, the social-ecological model was used as a framework to examine contributing and protective factors in the literature that inform WSH interventions, policy, and research. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols, the authors searched eight databases using Boolean terms related to "sexual harassment" and "agriculture." Articles that were peer-reviewed, empirical, and nonempirical, published in English, available as full-text, and pertaining to agriculture were included in the sample. A total of 93 articles were found, and 20 met inclusion criteria. Results showed most studies were qualitative and exploratory. A number of contributing factors were discussed in the literature, including: harmful gender beliefs and myths, gender inequity and inequality, hierarchical workplace structures, poverty, precarious immigration status, language barriers, permissive workplace climate, fear of retaliation, a need for culturally responsive workplace training, and lack of clear anti-harassment workplace policies. There is also a lack of legal protections for agricultural workers at the state and federal levels, highlighting the need for advocacy and policy reform. The socio-ecological model (SEM) offers a comprehensive approach to understanding and addressing WSH across the spectrum of prevention. More empirical and longitudinal studies are needed to strengthen the evidence base for developing comprehensive solutions to WSH that address the many barriers and risks that agricultural workers face.

As the COVID-19 pandemic recedes, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for reducing transmission and severity, but vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge. The study explored community actions and initiatives addressing vaccine hesitancy among Somali immigrant communities in cities in the Upper Midwest, USA, and Western Norway, focusing on trust factors and comparing members of the Somali diaspora in two distinct social and cultural contexts. Qualitative collective case studies were conducted, involving 14 semi-structured interviews with key informants from the Upper Midwest and Western Norway knowledgeable about initiatives designed to address SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy. Data were coded in NVivo 12 and analyzed thematically, guided by the Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning and the Socioecological Model to identify basic and organizational themes. The findings illustrate critical sociopolitical influences on vaccine hesitancy, like racial tensions following George Floyd's murder in Minneapolis and mistrust toward the government in Norway. Effective strategies in the Upper Midwest included maintaining long-term community relationships and culturally tailored outreach and communication to reduce hesitancy. Conversely, Western Norway's less community-centric approach, focusing on translation services without deeper engagement, faced challenges in trust-building. The study highlights the essential role of culturally affirming and community-centric approaches in addressing health challenges in immigrant communities. Trust, fostered through community involvement and understanding sociopolitical contexts, is pivotal in addressing vaccine hesitancy. This research offers insights into designing and implementing effective health promotion strategies tailored to immigrant populations' unique needs. It emphasizes the necessity of integrating socioecological perspectives and community-specific interventions in health promotion practice and policy.

As calls for improved menstrual health management have gained momentum in sociopolitical contexts, period poverty and menstrual equity have gradually been established and recognized in the discipline of public health. These conversations typically take place in the context of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where donor-sponsored projects are already underway. Nevertheless, research on period poverty in high-income countries (HICs) is seldom performed. In addition, current literature on the topic tends to generalize HICs and LMICs, thereby ignoring crucial cultural and socioeconomic distinctions that necessitate a more detailed comparison of individual countries facing period poverty. This case examines the current body of research on period poverty in the United States and India, and compares the causes, effects, and approaches toward ameliorating this phenomenon. Through performing a scoping review of the current literature on period poverty, this case illustrates that-as opposed to the breadth of research available on period poverty in LMICs-research on period poverty in HICs is underrepresented. In addition, the findings demonstrate a stunning parallel between the contributing factors of period poverty in India and the United States, suggesting that the current approach to isolate conversations on the topic based on regional economic incongruencies is inappropriate. Finally, this case identifies dismantling the stigmatization of periods, investing in water or hygiene infrastructure, promoting the economic mobilization of females, and reforming menstrual health curricula in schools as essential to ending period poverty.

In this practice note, we examine the implementation and impact of the Texas Cancer Screening, Training, Education, and Prevention (C-STEP) program, which aims to reduce cancer disparities in medically underserved and rural areas. The program utilizes community health workers (CHWs) or promotor(a)s to provide outreach, education, and early detection services for breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancers. C-STEP employs a multidisciplinary approach, partnering with the Center for Community Health Development National Community Health Worker Training Center to certify CHWs in cancer prevention and detection. The program establishes community and clinical partnerships to promote cancer screening uptake in priority populations. Key outcomes include training over 33 CHWs, establishing more than 1500 partnerships, providing cancer education to over 30,000 individuals, conducting over 8300 screening exams and 600 diagnostic procedures, and diagnosing 69 cancers. Successes encompass increased screening rates, community engagement, and partnership development. Challenges involve financial inequities, technology literacy, role complexity, and outreach difficulties. Lessons learned highlight the need for proactive planning, diverse recruitment, and consistent communication with partners. Our findings suggest that integrating CHWs into cancer screening programs effectively increases awareness and screening rates, particularly among low-income populations. Future implications suggest the importance of strategic planning, systematic training, and creative partnership approaches to recognize CHWs as vital health care team members. The findings highlight the potential of community-based interventions in addressing cancer disparities and improving health outcomes practices in rural and underserved areas.

Background. Lack of physical activity (PA) causes over 5.3 million deaths every year and causes more deaths than smoking worldwide. Prolonged periods of sitting contributes to chronic diseases, which are among the leading causes of deaths, illnesses, and health care costs worldwide. Over 133 million Americans are currently affected by chronic diseases and associated health care costs the United States an estimated $3.5 trillion annually. Working adults spend an average of 7.6 hours per day at work and office-based employees spend 75% of their time sitting. Prolonged periods of sitting also causes stress, and stress is the leading cause of 75%-90% of all doctor visits. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine facilitators and barriers of workplace PA to relieve stress at a Florida Department of Health (FDOH) site. Methods. Mixed-methods data were collected in an anonymous Qualtrics survey. Sample included employees ≥ 18 years old with sedentary or active occupations who completed or not completed recommended PA at FDOH site. Results. A total of 336 responses were recorded and produced an 84% response rate. Lack of time was the most commonly reported barrier. Discussion. Too much sitting has become a global epidemic. Completing 30 minutes of daily PA can reverse 10 hours of sitting, relieve stress, improve health outcomes, and ultimately save lives. Workplace PA facilitators/barriers and stress relief behaviors were identified and provided practical methods to improve overall workforce health outcomes. Implementing fun, inclusive and healthy interventions in policy and practice, can encourage happier and healthier workforces and communities worldwide.