Health Promotion Practice最新文献

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, correctional officers not only experienced high rates of COVID-19 infection but concomitantly demonstrated low vaccine uptake and high government mistrust, placing correctional staff and the incarcerated at risk for viral transmission. To support behavioral change, a multi-pronged dialogic health education intervention was developed for correctional officers in a New York county jail. One-hour facilitated discussions took place during mandatory training days. The research team collected pre- and post-surveys to assess whether the sessions impacted intention to change COVID-19 preventive behaviors, perceived effectiveness of behaviors recommended by public health professionals, and overall health literacy. Participants were also invited to participate in an interview 3-7 months after the session regarding behavior change and perceived effectiveness of the dialogic approach. Surveys were analyzed for pre-post changes, and interview notes were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The data indicate that officers were more likely to demonstrate increased health literacy and an intention to improve or maintain their non-pharmacological health behaviors following participation in a dialogue-based health information session. Outcomes suggest that when delivering sensitive health information to populations often mistrustful of governmental initiatives, information sessions that employ discussion strategies, facilitated by credible messengers, are likely to be the most effective in improving health-related knowledge and attitudes; further study is needed to understand these strategies' effect on behavioral change.

The Chief of Staff (CoS) position, in both the public and private sectors, assists the executive team in strategizing, communicating, and making decisions for the organization. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention uses the model of a CoS within its incident management system (IMS) for public health emergency responses. During those responses, the CoS is responsible for the oversight and coordination of the operational and management functions, and that position is a primary member of the response leadership team. An effective CoS leverages their knowledge of systems and processes, resources, and subject matter expertise from across the organization to solve operational challenges. The position also facilitates connections with other federal response agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and international and domestic partners. Health departments seeking to improve how their organization addresses routine and unexpected challenges during emergency responses could consider adding a CoS role to their IMS.

Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs) are yearly appointments with a PCP aimed at preventing disease or disability, based on current health and risk factors. Despite the benefits of AWVs, utilization remains low, particularly in rural states like Arkansas. This study aims to better understand the low utilization by exploring the awareness and perception of AWVs among older Arkansans. The research team conducted 9 focus groups with 96 Medicare-enrolled Arkansans. The researchers utilized an inductive thematic coding process with multiple coders for analyzing the focus group transcripts. Results suggest that Arkansans were largely unaware of AWVs. Participants saw the visits as repetitive and burdensome, did not understand their benefits, and did not understand how they differed from routine physicals. Encouragement from providers helped motivate utilization. Some specific aspects of AWVs were highlighted as useful and beneficial, such as the cognitive assessments. Still, some participants had fear, anxiety, or distrust related to the cognitive assessments. We recommend the utilization of these findings in designing messaging and awareness campaigns around AWVs and encouragement of provider promotion.

Many young people in the United States lack the exposure, confidence, and skills necessary to use public transportation independently. Our nonprofit in Austin, Texas addresses this gap by integrating daily public transit use into its summer camp experience. Each day, children (campers) and teens (volunteers) receive training and are led by camp leaders through the city using public transportation to reach educational destinations. This hands-on approach aligns with experiential learning theory, which emphasizes learning through action and reflection. It also reflects the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, prioritizing a real community need-low youth transit engagement-by reducing barriers and embedding evaluation into program design. The program builds practical navigation skills, city awareness, independence, and social confidence. Both age groups benefit: children develop early transit literacy, while teens gain leadership skills, practical knowledge, and increased civic engagement. Teaching youth to use public transportation increases the likelihood of confident, regular adult transit use, shaping future riders and strengthening public transit systems.

The U.S. trans/gender diverse (TGD) community experiences considerable mental health disparities and barriers to health care. To address these challenges, Trans Wellness, Trans Brilliance (TWTB) was developed to advance the resilience, self-compassion, and community connectedness of TGD people in Michigan. Designed by TGD people for TGD people, this community-based research project was a joint partnership between a local trans community care organization and a large Midwestern research institution, supported by state foundation funding. The construction of TWTB was sequential and iterative. The project concept originally emerged from previous research, which identified a need for a program to enhance resilience, capacity, and emotional well-being in the broader Michigan TGD community. This led to the innovative idea of designing an intervention that was both virtually accessible and capable of being implemented by any community advocate, regardless of professional training. Interviews were conducted with community stakeholders statewide to identify the needs, desired skills, and objectives for such a skill-based program. Findings from these interviews were used to design the online intervention. Community members further shaped the intervention through a focus group, which assessed the desirability and anticipated effectiveness of the curriculum. The final product was TWTB: an 8-week, peer-support, virtual wellness intervention.

The Georgia Department of Public Health developed the Safe Sleep Shelter Program to expand Georgia Safe to Sleep campaign efforts. The program focused on engaging with housing support agencies, homeless shelters, and domestic violence shelters. The program offered a menu of resources that agencies could choose from, including portable cribs for agency use and distribution to families, safe sleep education for staff, assistance with creating/updating agency safe sleep policies, and Baby Bundle Safe Sleep kits with education and resources for families. The program showed promising results: 44 agencies across the state applied, serving an estimated 20,950 individuals annually. Agencies expressed strong interest in expanding safe sleep education and resources for the families they served. Most agencies reported that the program filled gaps in services, including having enough cribs to meet demand and limited safe sleep education and resources. Agencies reported that parents appreciated the cribs and Baby Bundle Safe Sleep kits as most did not have money to purchase an infant sleep surface. Agencies reported that the resources provided new information to infant parents, facilitated discussion, and reinforced safe sleep messaging. Evaluation challenges included difficulties collecting distribution data and a low response rate for parent surveys. Implications are discussed for others interested in implementing such a program, including to develop processes for communicating updated recommendations, leverage existing relationships to engage additional agencies, evaluate efforts to refine program components, and consider strategies to increase parent survey response rates.

Eastern North Carolina (ENC) residents have higher rates of type 2 diabetes, lower life expectancy, less physical activity (PA), and higher food insecurity than the rest of North Carolina. Black individuals in ENC may face health disparities due to systemic and societal barriers to PA and a nutritious diet; modifiable behaviors that may improve overall health. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of rural Black women who live in ENC and who meet the criteria for overweight and obesity in the context of PA and healthful diet promotion. Photo-elicitation was used to explore this population's specific experiences with PA and nutrition, including barriers and facilitators, through photos and focus groups. Participants (N = 14; 43.5 ± 8.7 years old; body mass index (BMI) = 34.6 ± 5.9 kg/m²) were Black women in the rural Southeastern United States. Recruitment strategies included community outreach, listservs, social media, and word of mouth. Using photos submitted, our team conducted focus groups and completed content analyses to identify themes to tailor the development of a future health promotion program for Black women. Overarching themes were (a) Reframing the Mindset, (b) Accountability, and (c) Cultural Relativity. Findings demonstrate that Black women living in rural areas desire culturally relevant PA and nutrition programming focusing on healthy lifestyles versus weight loss. Future practice and research should utilize these findings to develop and examine the health impact of a health promotion program designed for Black women by Black women on PA levels, diet quality, and quality of life.

Efforts to effect racial health disparity (RHD) policy change are urgent, necessary, and subject to a key barrier: defensiveness among White privileged audiences. Within the literature to date, such defensiveness is under-investigated, and when examined, is typically conceived of as an individual cognitive outcome-a message effect-rather than a communication interaction. Yet policy change advocacy efforts, ranging from community organizing to change campaigns, necessitate communication interactions between advocates and privileged policy change audiences, such as neighborhood groups or policymakers themselves. This defensiveness conceptualization, focused on individual cognitions, therefore limits our understanding of interactive communication barriers in RHD policy advocacy processes. To address this limitation, our research conceives of defensiveness using the privileged identity exploration (PIE) model, developed by Watt in 2007, which posits that defensiveness strategies are used as part of an interactive communication process when people are asked to reflect on their own privilege. Defensiveness strategies, as described by Watt and colleagues in 2021 and 2023, are normal communicative reactions to protect one's self-identity from threatening information; the PIE models eight such strategies. RHD information invokes racial privilege, therefore eliciting defensiveness. Using a thematic analysis of semi-structured qualitative interviews with White young adults from the Chicago (U.S.) area (N = 27), we identify defensiveness strategies relative to COVID-19 RHDs. Using the PIE as a lens to understand the data, we find some strategies lacking, some similar but differently nuanced, and identify a novel strategy among our participants, suggesting message tailoring opportunities. We describe implications for future research and practice.

During the past decade, public libraries have been framed as key health promotion partners for everything from telemedicine to the opioid crisis. This study's goal was to evaluate the impacts of health promotion initiatives involving public libraries as collaborators. Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a search of three databases (PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and Library and information science abstracts (LISA)) for articles written in English referencing "health" and "public libraries" returned 985 unique citations, of which 67 papers were selected for review, based on the criteria of being peer-reviewed articles on health initiatives involving public libraries. All studies were published between 1957 and 2023, with 88% published in the 2000's, and 76% conducted in the United States. Most studies consisted of descriptive accounts of health promotion initiatives, with minimal reporting of outcome measures for the populations targeted. Better understanding the impacts of health promotion initiatives involving public libraries requires more rigorous assessment mechanisms, and the long-term success of these partnerships depends on stronger and sustained linkages between those working in health and those working in libraries, particularly public libraries.

Shifts in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, including guidance from the United States Preventive Services Task Force lowering the recommended screening age from 50 to 45 years in 2021, may leave gaps in clinicians' understanding of related barriers and beliefs held by patients. This study uses the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework to analyze factors influencing CRC screening uptake among individuals aged 44-54 years and identifies how gaps in knowledge intersect with screening barriers, particularly as they relate to the health care system and sociocultural environment. In 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Cancer Prevention and Control's Screen for Life campaign conducted 12 online focus groups to gather audience insights and test materials. Researchers conducted the focus groups in English and Spanish with individuals aged 44-54 years who had never had CRC and had never received a CRC screening. Focus groups gauged participants' knowledge, awareness, and behavior pertaining to CRC and CRC screening. Results show that participants often lacked knowledge about risk factors and screening modalities and appreciated emotionally resonant communication approaches that addressed gaps in knowledge using demystifying, destigmatizing language and representative imagery. Findings also indicate a need to help patients overcome barriers related to insurance coverage, treatment options, and discrimination. Results may guide the development of future health promotion efforts and empower health care providers to approach conversations with their patients with additional context regarding patients' needs.